1、阅读理解。It is often necessary to release a fish, that is , set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inla
2、nd Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the
3、 water as much as possible. Dont use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Dont wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off thefish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.Remove your
4、 hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water . Release the fish when it begins tostruggle and is able to swim.Do not hol
5、d fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you aregoing to release a fish, do so right away.With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.1. People sometimes set a fish free after catchi
6、ng it because they _ A. dont want it to die B. hope it will grow quickly C. dont want to have it as food D. want to practice their fishing skills2. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?A. Taking the hook off it. B. Removing its scales. C. Touching its eves D. Holding it in your hand.
7、3. A proper way to release a fish is to _. A .move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomach C. keep it in a bucket for some time D. let it struggle a little in your hand4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less oft
8、en. C. To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish.【参考答案】14、C B A D阅读理解概述（2）题型探究 探究点一细节理解题一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、
9、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true ex
10、cept该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性
11、，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，成为正确答案。4正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就
12、会误选。5文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。1直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节。找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 例1 【2011全国卷】Wanted, Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us on the sound
13、 of London Kiss 100 FM.Youll work on the stations music programmes.Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?AP
14、roducer Vacancies, Kiss 100.BMrs ROglivie, Palmlace Limited.CThe Enterprise Shopping Centre.DWealden District Council.【解析】 A直接细节题。这则广告是招聘电台播音员的，因此A最合适。 例 【 2011北京卷】As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that.I
15、 got a taste of that dream in 2001, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.What happened to the author in 2001?AShe flew an airplane.BShe entered a competition.CShe went on a hot air balloon ride.DShe moved into a retirement community.【解析】 C直接细节题。根据I got a taste
16、 of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.可以选出最佳答案。 2间接信息题做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。 例3【 2011北京卷】On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My g
17、oals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom，I have a ruleno laptops, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some o
18、f them were not happy. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_.Athe course materialBothers misuse of technology Cdiscussion topicsDthe authors class regulations【解析】 D间接细节题。根据I have a ruleno laptops, iPads，phones，etc.some of them were not happy可知答案。在这里我们需要把“rule”以及后面的some of them
19、 were not happy进行转换。 3数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。例4 【 2011辽宁卷】.According to the Coalitions studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States,
20、 up to three million are homelessand the number is still growing How many people are homeless in the US.according to the Coalitions studies?A39% of the population.B200 million people.CAbout 3 million people.DAbout onefifth of the population.【解析】 C细节理解题。根据文中“.up to three million are homeless.”可知选C。 4
21、排列顺序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 例5 【2011山东卷】The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands
22、 the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?AscalpcomputercapwheelchairBcomputercapscalpwheelchairCscalpcapcomput
23、erwheelchairDcapcomputerscalpwheelchair【解析】 C细节理解题。根据This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.可知这种特殊的帽子接受来自大脑头皮的指令，然后传达给计算机，最后把指令传给轮椅。 5图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些
24、图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 例6 【 2009安徽卷】The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, _.Athe percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsBthe percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedCthe nu
25、mber of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseDthe number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】W：_1_a nice, quiet place away from all those people! Now tell me whats bothering you.M: Great. I need to get
26、 this off my chest. Im having problems _2_(live) with Mike, my roommate. We seldom talk to each other. And when we do, its to fight. W: I knew you two were having problems but I didnt know that things were so bad. What started it all?M: Well, it started when we first moved in. I had a lot of things,
27、 and Mike wasnt pleased when he saw that.W: So_3_did you find room for all your things?M: I put them in the cupboard in the living room. This made him really unhappy because he wanted to put his suitcase there.W: Was that the only problem?M: Oh, no. I like a neat, orderly house, _4_Mike is so carele
28、ss. His part of the house is always_5_. You know we_6_the living space, such as the kitchen, living room, bath, etc.W: Have you tried to talk with him about this?M: Ive tried, but he then starts_7_(shout) at me about how my friends are always coming over when he has a lot of work _8_(do)W: You might
29、 talk with him again_9_a friendly way. Just say that you will not bring your friends over unless you get his permission first. But he will have to promise_10_(keep) the house tidy.M: That just might work. Thanks for the advice.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.What2.living3.where4.but5.dirty/in a me
30、ss6.share7.shouting/to shout 8.to do 9in10.to keep 语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】It was a very cold evening, an old man was waiting for a ride across the river. He saw several horsemen pass by but he didnt ask for any help. The wait seemed_1_(end)Then came another rider，the o
31、ld man_2_(catch) his eye and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor？”Stopping his horse，he replied, “Of course.” Almost_3_(freeze), the old man could not get_4_the ground. The horseman helped him onto his horse. He took the old man not just across the river，_5_to his home.“Sir, you didnt even a
32、sk the other riders for help, why? What_6_I had said no and left you there？” the horseman asked.The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care，_7_told me it would be useless, but when I looked into_8_， I saw kindness.”These words touched the rider deeply. “Thank you for_9_youve said, I hope I will never be too busy to help others.” With that, Thomas Jefferson, the_10_(three) president of the US, turned his horse around and went away.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.endless2.caught3.frozen4.off5.but6.if 7which8.yours9.what10.third
