1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero 基础必备 必修一 Units 15阅读单词1.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 2generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 3republic n.共和国；共和政体 4principle n.法则；原则；原理 5mankind n.人类 6.lawyer n 律师 7legal adj.法律的；依照法律的 8blanket n.毛毯；毯子 9terror n.恐怖；可怕的人 10invader n.侵略者 11.livelihood n 生计；谋生 12fee n 费；酬金 13lea
2、gue n 同盟；联盟；联合会 14quote n 引用语；语录 15release vt.释放；发行写作单词1.quality n 质量；品质；性质2 warm-hearted adj.热心肠的3 found vt.建立；建设4 hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的5 youth n.青年；青年时期6 vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决7 escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露8 reward n.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏9 president n.总统；会长；校长；行长10 opinion n.意见；看法；主张11 stage n.舞台；阶段；时期
3、12 attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击13 willing adj.乐意的；自愿的14 beg vi.请求；乞求语境活用1Tsinghua University，founded(建立)in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.2Our company is more concerned with quality(质量)than quantity.3Black people could not vote(投票)or choose their leaders.4We may have different opinions(看法)in or
4、ganizing class activities.5China is playing an important role on the international political stage(舞台)拓展单词1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity n活动2devote vt.献身；专心于 devoted adj.踏实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚3peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地 peace n和平；平静；和睦4guidance n指导；领导 guide v
5、t.带领；引导 n向导5violence n暴力；暴行 violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地；剧烈地6equal adj.相等的；平等的 equality n平等；相等equally adj.同样地；相等地；公平地7educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育 educator n教育工作者；教育家语境活用1We are aiming to build a peaceful (peace)school.I think it is every students duty to work hard to
6、 achieve this goal.2Although she is an educated (educate)woman，I often hear her say bad words.3Without your guidance (guide)and encouragement，we couldnt have made such great progress.4Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent (violence)for use at the table.6Women
7、 have yet to achieve full equality (equal)with men in the workplace.第一组短语识记1.out of work 失业2 in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3 turn to 求助于；致力于4 lose heart 丧失勇气或信心5 come to power 当权；上台6 as a matter of fact 事实上语境活用1.Dont lose heart！Try again and you will get what you want.2According to the report，the new
8、president will come to power at the very beginning of next month.3Because he has been out of work for months，the young man now depends on his parents for a living.4I know we were in trouble when the elevator stopped.5 As a matter of fact，the news that he told me yesterday is true.第二组短语识记1.blow up 使充
9、气；爆炸2 set up 设立；建立3 be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑)4 be willing to do 愿意做5 be in prison 坐牢6 in ones view/opinion 在某人看来7 fight for 为而战语境活用Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal.He 1.set up a law office to offer guidance to poor black peopl
10、e on their legal problems.One day，one of his supporters helped him 2.blow up the government buildings to 3.fight for their rights.Unfortunately，he 4.wassentenced to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.填写课本佳句1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and
11、 progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(时间名词作主语谓语see/find/witness.)过去 30 年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(“only状语”置于句首引起部分倒装)只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3I felt bad the first time I t
12、alked to a group.(the first time 引导的时间状语从句)第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。1devote vt.献身；专心于教材原句 A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。(1)devote.to.把奉献于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to(doing)sth.专心于；奉献于(3)devotion n.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚(2018浙江卷)Ill devote my energy
13、and time to the job.Before the exam，I devoted myself to preparing(prepare)for it.Li Lei is a devoted(devote)friend.From my first job at the restaurant，I leaned teamwork and devotion(devote)句式升级He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to communi
14、ty activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)2equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的 vt.等于；抵得上 n.同等的人；相等物教材原句 I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.我知道那将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比(2)equal sb./sth.in(do
15、ing)sth.在(做某)事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(3)equality n.平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地；同样地Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.(2019全国卷)Your personal circumstances are equally(equal)important.单句写作No one equals him in courage，about which everyone knows.(equal)在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点
16、大家都清楚。3escape vi.逃脱 vt.避免；被遗忘 n.逃脱教材原句 It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱。(1)escape from 从逃脱；逃避escape doing 避免做escape punishment/death 逃脱惩罚/死里逃生sth.escape(s)sb.某物被某人遗忘；未被注意(2)a narrow escape 九死一生make ones escape 逃跑写出下列句子中 escape 的汉语意思Im sorry,but your name escapes me.被遗忘；被忽略 How w
17、ill we know if theres any gas escaping？流出；泄漏(2019天津卷)Yet，now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape.逃避(现实)Three people died in the fire,but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱 完成句子那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出了火场。The woman ma
18、naged to escape from the fire with her baby.4reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏教材原句 They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。(1)as a reward for(sth.)作为对(某事的)报酬/奖赏in rewa
19、rd(for.)作为(的)报答；作为(的)奖励(2)reward sb.for.为酬谢某人reward sb.with sth.用某物酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的We gave him a gift as a reward for his kindness.They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.(2018北京卷)Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and reward
20、ing (reward)experience.完成句子我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in reward for hishelp.(reward n)5turn to 求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅；转向教材原句 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？(1)turn down 关小；拒绝(2)turn away 拒绝入内；把打发走
21、(3)turn.into.把变成(4)turn up 出现；露面；调大(5)turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产(6)turn over 打翻；翻身；移交写出下列句中 turn to 的含义(2018全国卷)We chatted about everything and then Ben turned to me.转向 However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn tomy classmates or teachers for help.求助于 If you turn to Page 40，you will find
22、it.翻到 After he left university he became a teacher，but later turned tojournalism.开始从事 完成句子当你处于困境的时候，你可以向我求助。When you are in trouble,you can turn to me.(turn)6vote v投票，选举，表决；提议 n选票；投票；表决完成句子Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.由于担心大多数市民投票反对他，他一直面带微笑We had no choice but
23、to put it to the vote.我们别无选择，只好投票表决。(1)vote sb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务；表决为某人提供某物vote for 投票赞成vote against 投票反对vote on 就投票表决(2)put sth.to the vote 把某事投票表决7lose heart 灰心，泄气；丧失信心选词填空lose heart，lose ones temper，lose ones heart to，lose ones patienceI found Id lost my heart to you.My grandfather became fierce wh
24、en he lost his temper.Weve kept waiting for almost an hour.Im beginning to losemy patience.When you fail，you should never lose heart.1.only_then_did we decide to answer violence with violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only 放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。(2019全国卷)Only at dinnertime are we eating togeth
25、er anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.根据来自报告的统计，我们只有午饭时间才在一块吃饭占 74%。Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。句型升级I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my job-seeking.Onl
26、y when I had another failure in my job-seeking did I realizeknowledge is valuable.(1)“only从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only 修饰主语时不倒装。2.I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。句中的 the first time 用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。(1)Li Bai expressed his emotions in poems directly every time
27、he was frustrated by his unsuccessful career.每当李白官场失意而郁郁寡欢时，他就在诗中直抒胸臆。(2)He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returnedhome.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。和 the first time 类似的还有：the moment,the minute,the second,the instant，the day,the week,the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，ins
28、tantly，directly 等。句式升级I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用 as soon as 改写)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I sawyou.(用以-ly 结尾的连词改写)for the first time 在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。For the first time,I feel good about myself b
29、ecause Im doing something.因为有事可做，我第一次感到身心轻松自在。.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Elias，a poor black worker in South Africa，said that the time when he first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life.In 1952，he went to see Mandela，a black lawyer，for advice.Mandela was generous w
30、ith his time，for which Elias was very grateful.Elias began school at six，but he had to leave school two years later because his family couldnt afford the school fees and the bus fare.As a result，he had very little education(educate)After trying hard，he got a job in a gold mine.However，to live(live)i
31、n Johannesburg，one had got to have a passbook.Not having one because he was not born there，he worried about whether he would become out of work.Then Mandela helped him，telling him how to get the correct papers(paper)to stay in Johannesburg.He became more hopeful about his future and later joined the
32、 ANC Youth League organized(organize)by Mandela.Just as Mandela put it，the blacks were so badly (bad)treated that they had reached a stage where they had almost no rights at all.In 1963，Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.He knew that only by answering violence with violence could
33、 they achieve their dream of making(make)black and white people equal.话题写作请用英语写一篇短文介绍伟大的科学家霍金(Stephen Hawking)。要求包括以下三部分内容：喜欢他的理由被他的奉献精神所感动对他的简单介绍他处于很大的麻烦之中，只有求助于电脑他才能讲话、阅读和写作对他的个人观点任何东西都无法回报他对科学的贡献注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇 50 词左右的短文；2.尽量使用本单元的知识点；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。范文The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking，I
34、 was moved by his devotion to the research.As for his daily life，he is in great trouble.For example，only when he turns to the computer is it possible for him to speak，read and write.However，his contributions to the world have no equal.And，in my opinion，nothing could be in reward for his contribution
35、s to science.第 5 讲 复合宾语结构构 成主语谓语复合宾语此类句型在写作中属于中档句型，其复合宾语由宾语和宾语补足语构成，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑关系，即主动和被动关系。宾语补足语通常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句等。We主语found谓语him宾语unhappy宾补形/out宾补副/in the crowd宾补介词短语/standing there宾补现在分词/tied to a tree.宾补过去分词1我们选他当我们的班长。答案：We elected him monitor of our class.2那个男孩一脚把门踢开了。答案：The boy kicked the door open.3我认为他信任汤姆是愚蠢的。答案：I think it foolish of him to believe in Tom.4医生建议他做手术。答案：The doctor advised him to have an operation.5网吧(cybercafe)老板教我们怎样玩网络游戏。答案：The cybercafe owner showed us how to play the online games.6她偶然发现母亲在读她的日记。答案：She caught her mother reading her diary.
