1、2014-2015学年高中英语（重庆精品）同步教案第3课时：Unit 2 Cloning人教新课标选修8）Period Learning about Language(教师用书独具)教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，弄清楚同位语及同位语从句的含义和用法。教学地位本单元的语法是同位语和同位语从句，学生可能会感到比较难以掌握。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法
2、的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。教学流程设计老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第27页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握本单元语法知识。让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分，(见学案第29页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。让学生完成“当堂双
3、基达标”(见学案第31页)。师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。自我评估(见学案第31页)。布置作业。让学生完成课本第14页1、2、3题，预习学案Period (见学案第32页)。1owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于You owe the lady an apology.(教材P13)你得向这位女士道歉。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。He owes his success to his hard work.他把自己的成功归功于辛勤的劳动。owe sb.an apology
4、该向某人道歉owe.to.欠；把归功于；应感激owe sb.sth.(owe sth.to sb.) 欠某人某物owing adj.欠的；未付的owing to.因为；由于Owing to the rain，we stayed home all day long.由于下雨，我们一整天都待在家。owe.to./attribute.to.owe.to.主语既可以是人，也可以是物。只用于主动句，大都与褒义词连用。attribute.to.主语则只能是人，常用被动语态。He owes his success to his father.他把他的成功归功于他的父亲。Jim attributes his
5、success to determination.吉姆把他的成功归功于坚定的信念。Economists attributed the slow progress in economy to poor cooperation.经济学家把经济增长缓慢归咎于合作不好。His great age is attributed to eating properly.他的长寿归因于饮食适当。完成句子他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。He_hard work and practice.他请一个同事帮忙，这个同事欠他一个人情。He asked a colleague_a favour for help.【答案】
6、owes his success towho owed him2shortly adv.不多时，不久Shortly after Freddy did some research，he discovered the fate of Dolly the sheep.(教材P13)然而在Freddy作了调查后不久，他发现了多莉羊的命运。Shortly after I arrived，we became good friends.我来后不久，我们就成了好朋友。I saw him shortly before he died.在他去世前不久我们还见过一面。Shes going to New York s
7、hortly.她不久就去纽约。shortly可以表示soon的含义，且常和after，before连用，表示“在前/后不久”。He left shortly after seven.他7点以后不久就离开了。The accident happened shortly before midday.事故是在正午前不久发生的。完成句子He went abroad _(婚后不久)He left _ (你到达前不久)I _(马上就准备好了)【答案】shortly after his marriageshortly before you arrivedwill be ready shortly3retire
8、 v退休；退出比赛；离开.when he retired he would be able to look back on his life with satisfaction.(教材P13)当他退休时他就可以非常满意地回忆他的生活。I have decided to retire from Formula One racing at the end of the season.我决定在这个赛季结束的时候退出一级方程式赛车比赛。Some time after midnight，he retired to bed.午夜之后，他才就寝。retired adj.已退休的，已退职的retiree n退
9、休人员，退休者retirement n退休，引退Dad is retired now.爸爸现在已经退休了。Susan is going to take early retirement.苏珊要提前退休。完成句子有一些工人想提前退休。Some of the workers _ early.他什么时候离开公司？When will he _ the company?【答案】want to retireretire from4bother v花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)n.烦扰；困难However，the problem that she later developed
10、a serious lung disease bothered scientists.(教材P14)但是，后来她得了严重的肺病，这个问题很让科学家烦心。What bothers me most is the fact that he seems to take no interest in his work.最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。I dont want to put you to any bother.我不想给你添麻烦。bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother about/with sth.为某事烦恼bother to do/d
11、oing 操心做某事It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱Dont bother with/about it.不必麻烦了。You dont bother to get dinner for me today；Ill eat out.今天不必为我准备饭了，我要在外边吃。bother/disturb/interruptbother指麻烦某人，使某人操心、烦恼，常指为一点小事所“烦扰”，带有稍微抱怨的意味。disturb意为“干扰，扰乱”，侧重扰乱某种状态或秩序。interrupt意为“打扰，打断”，侧重打断某个活
12、动的进程，使其不能进行下去。Sorry to interrupt，but theres someone to see you.对不起，打扰一下有人要见你。Dont disturb the papers on my desk.别把我桌子上的文件弄乱了。完成句子他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。_he hasnt been telling me the truth.对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点？I am sorry_，but can you tell me the time?【答案】It bothers me thatto bother you用bother/disturb/interrupt的
13、适当形式填空I cant_him with my little affairs.The child continually_the class.Dont_me while Im speaking.【答案】botherdisturbedinterrupt5be bound to do.注定/一定做Dollys death，like her birth，was bound to raise worries.(教材P14)多莉的死就像她的出生一样，注定要引起许多忧虑。Youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.你已经做了这么多努
14、力，因此你一定能通过考试。I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much!我觉得有必要跟你说你喝得太多了！be bound up in sth.忙于某事；热衷于某事物be bound up with sth.与某事物关系密切be bound for.去；准备去Im sorry I couldnt come to see you this morning.I was bound up in some urgent matters.对不起，今天上午我未能来看你，我在忙于处理一些急事。Our memories and habits are
15、bound up with the structure of the brain.我们的记忆和习惯与脑的构造有密切的联系。We are bound for home.我们打算回家。完成句子你必须在办公室待到这么晚吗？_ stay at the office so late?三人行，必有我师焉。(孔子)Even when walking in the company of two other men，I _ from them.(Confucius)【答案】Are you bound toam bound to learn观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会同位语及同位语从句的用法，并根据
16、语法特点填空。But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe_cloning_of_Dolly_the_sheep.On the one hand，the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone，Dolly_the_sheep.The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally was very
17、encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that_Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.自我总结在以上句子中，画线部分在句子中的句子成分为_，它可以由_、代词、数词或_等充当，用来说明前面名词或代词的内容和情况。【答案】同位语；名词(短语)；句子同位语及同位语从句一、
18、同位语1同位语的定义同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况，可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。2同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词You girls may take seats over there.你们姑娘们可以坐到那边。(2)代词He himself will do the experiment.他将亲自做这项实验。(3)数词She is the oldest among them six.她是他们六人中年纪最大的。(4)由such as，that is引导Some subjects，such as maths and physics，are ver
19、y difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。(5)由of引导Mr.Smith is now living in the city of Beijing.史密斯先生现住在北京城。(6)由or引导It is zoology，or the study of animals.这是动物学，即对动物的研究。3特殊同位语归纳(1)不定式用作同位语Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)(2)动词-ing分词用作
20、同位语Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck.他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a truck与a job同位)The first plan，attacking at night，was turned down.第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)(3)形容词用作同位语The current fair，the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。【提示】这类同位
21、语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。The current fair，the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.The current fair，which is the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.(4)none of us之类的结构用作同位语We none of us said anything.我们谁也没说话。They neither of them wanted to go.他们两人都不想去。【提示】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”。学生每人都有一
22、本词典。正The students each have a dictionary.误The students each has a dictionary.(5)从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)I received a message that she would be late.我得到的信息说她可能迟到。二、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的句子叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。The belief that the company will make a great progress is shared by everyone.每个人都相信公司会取得很大的进步。
23、1可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility等。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。2同位语从句的引导词(1)如果同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导。There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.毫无疑问，汽车的
24、价格会下降的。(2)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导，if不能引导同位语从句。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意的问题。(3)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等引导。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.我不知道怎么能到达火车站。Our teacher gave us the suggestion where
25、we should have our summer holidays.我们的老师就我们应该去哪里度假提出了建议。3特殊情况(1)有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在要说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。Word came that the president would come to inspect our city.有消息说总统要来视察我们的城市。(2)一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should动词原形
26、”表示，should可省略。This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how不作成分；起连接作用“是否”；“如何”不引导定语从句whwords作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是
27、代替先行词在从句中作成分【比较一】We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.如何才能超过光的速度，我们解决不了这个问题。(how从句是the problem的具体内容，为同位语从句。)I cant remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。(problem是have的宾语，至于the problem的具体内容，没有说明，故是定语从句。)【比较二】Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in grea
28、t danger.吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that引导同位语从句，解释说明the news的内容。)Do you know the news (that/which) Jim told me?你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗？(that引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语。).单项填空1Shall I lock the lab before I go home?_.Ill check it myself later.AGo aheadBNo problemCNo hurry DDont bother【解析】go ahead“行，可以”；no problem“没问题”；no hurry“
29、不着急”；dont bother“不麻烦”。句意：我回家前要锁上实验室的门吗？不麻烦你。过一会我自己去检查一下。【答案】D2He is a successful businessman；he _ his success more to luck than to ability.Aattaches BadaptsCowes Dfastens【解析】句意：他是一个成功的商人，他把他的成功归功于运气而不是能力。owe.to.表示“把归功于”，符合句意。【答案】C3(2013安阳高二检测)The question _should do the work requires consideration.A
30、whatBwhoCthatDwhy【解析】句意：谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。question后面跟的是同位语从句。从句中缺少主语，首先应考虑A、B两项。do the work的主语应该是人，所以选B项。【答案】B4His suggestion _the meeting be delayed was turned down.Awhich BthatC/ Dit【解析】句意：他的关于将会议推迟的建议被否决了。suggestion后的从句是解释它的具体内容，因而是同位语从句。在suggestion，order，request等词后面的同位语从句中，谓语结构是“should动词原形”，shoul
31、d可省略。【答案】B5The thought _he might fail in the exam worried him.Awhen BwhichCwhat Dthat【解析】句意：他认为他可能考试不及格的想法使他担心。thought后的从句是“想法”的具体内容，应视为同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，应使用连接词that，故选D项。【答案】D6I have no idea _hell come or not.Awhen BwhereCwhether Dthat【解析】句意：我不知道他是否会来。这是一个同位语从句，从句中有“or not”，这是使用连接词whether的标志，故选C。【答案】C
32、7There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.AthatBwhichCuntilDif【解析】句意：比尔的伤情康复的几率较大，有望及时参加这次比赛。本题考查同位语从句，具体解释名词chance的内容。that引导同位语从句，that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何成分。【答案】A8Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.Awho BthatCasDwhich【解析】句意：Danb
33、y留言给我的秘书下午他将再次给我打电话。that引导同位语从句，作名词word的同位语，进一步补充说明其具体内容。同位语从句成分完整，选用that。【答案】B9So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.Ahow BwhatCwhich Dthat【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：到目前为止，没有证据证明其他行星上存在人类。proof意为“证据”，后面常接由连接词that引导的同位语从句，表示proof的内容。【答案】D10(2013长春高二质检)The fact _ Jenny didnt catch the tra
34、in made her very disappointed.Awhich BwhatCthat Dwhy【解析】从句子结构和句意来看，“詹妮未赶上火车”是具体说明fact的具体内容，属同位语从句。【答案】C.用同位语从句完成下列句子1The news _(他们赢得比赛) soon spread all over the school.2What do you think of his suggestion _(我们早出发) tomorrow morning?3The man refused to answer the question _(他买这辆车付了多少钱)4Suddenly the th
35、ought came to me _ (他出国了) the year before.5Then he raised the question _(他们到哪里得到所需要的机器)6He often asked me the question _(这项工作是否值得做)7The order _(释放犯人)arrived too late.8Well discuss the problem _(是否如期举行运动会)【答案】1.that they had won the game2.that we(should) set out early3.how much he had paid for the car4.that he had gone abroad5.where they would get the machine needed6.whether the work was worth doing7.that the prisoner (should) be set free8.whether the sports meeting will be held on time
