1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the
2、 field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experi
3、ential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting part
4、 of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understa
5、ndable the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Dont pick it up
6、 looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.1. According to the text,James March is.A. a poet who uses experience in his writingB. a teacher who teaches story writing in universityC. a researcher who studies the way humans think an
7、d actD. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions2. According to James March,experience.A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively soughtD. should be highly respected3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Experience makes stories more accurate.B. Stories made i
8、nteresting fail to fully present the truth.C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.4. Whats the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.C. To explain experiential lea
9、rning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.【参考答案】1-4 CABA【2013界广东省三模】阅读理解About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday. Reports from
10、the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers. “Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevent
11、ed through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser. WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases. Canc
12、er is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer. Rachel Thompson, the WCRFs head of science, said that
13、while the message was simple that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers it was still a difficult one to get across. The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per wee
14、k or by cycling to work every day. Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people
15、 who dont smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand. “There isnt a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.63. Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “
16、ward off” in the sixth paragraph? A. protect B. prevent C. develop D. cure【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help及many cancers可以推测是不吸烟，吃好的食物及有一个健康的体重有助于阻止癌症的发生，故选B。64. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text? A. Exercising and ea
17、ting healthily can help to reduce cancer risk. B. Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world. C. Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers. D. Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据The WHO says adults shou
18、ld do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.世界卫生组织建议一周五次一次30分钟的锻炼时间，故选D。65. Which of the following can be the best title of this text? A. Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers B. Cancer i
19、s a leading cause of death C. Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases D. The incidence of common cancers is rising【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。根据making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers及短文的内容可知要人们平时注意生活能够阻止癌症的发生，故选A。66. By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to _.
20、A. advise people to develop healthier lifestyle. B. warn people of the danger of cancers C. explain why many people die from cancers every year. D. introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文的内容可知主要建议人们发展健康的生活，故选A。67. We can infer from Peter Baldinis opinion in th
21、e last two paragraphs that _. A. all the lung cancers are linked to smoking B. there is no medicine to cure the cancers but its our duty to find one C. all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect peoples health D. its our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smo
22、king【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes.建议政府要采取措施控制人们吸烟进而来保护人们的身体健康，故选C。阅读理解。In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could geta teaching job at what I cons
23、idered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteenteaching English. School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really
24、New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time. But, st
25、ill, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixthgrade classseventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted t
26、o make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the
27、bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to
28、fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretend
29、ed it all wasnt happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I felt mildly victorious that I got th
30、rough the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day. I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door. He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All I could think o
31、f was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine. When he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.”“You had nothing to say to them，” he repeated. “No wonder theyre bored. Why not get to the meat of the literat
32、ure and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior？” We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We roleplayed. He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher. As the year progressed, we spent man
33、y hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emersons words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”Fifteen years later I still d
34、rive that same winding road to the same school. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now. 55It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 _. A. the writer became an optimistic personB. the writer was very happy about her new jobC. it was rather difficult to
35、 get a job in the USAD. it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey56According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher? A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college. B. She didnt ask experienced teachers for advice. C. She took too muc
36、h time off to eat and sleep. D. She didnt like teaching English literature. 57What is the writers biggest worry after her taskmasters observation of her class? A. She might lose her teaching job. B. She might lose her students respect. C. She couldnt teach the same class any more. D. She couldnt ign
37、ore her students bad behavior any more. 58Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?A. Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing. B. Her students behaved a little better than usual. C. She managed to finish the class without crying. D. She was invited for a talk by her boss a
38、fter class. 59The students behaved badly in the writers classes because _. A. they were eager to embarrass herB. she didnt really understand themC. they didnt regard her as a good teacherD. she didnt have a good command of English60The taskmasters attitude towards the writer after his observation of
39、 her class can be best described as _A. cruel but encouraging B. fierce but forgivingC. sincere and supportive D. angry and aggressive【要点综述】 这是一篇感人的文章，作者历经千辛万苦获得了一份教师的工作，但由于初为人师，教条主义和理想化成了她教学的最大问题。有一天老板来听课，却看到作者对学生恶劣的行为置之不理，所以只听了二十分钟便离开了，作者感觉自己可能要失去教学的工作。她虽然没有在课堂上哭泣而坚持讲完了剩下的课，但毫无疑问，这仍然是一堂失败的课。终于，老板告
40、诉她问题的症结所在没有真正了解学生。55C考查推理判断。从全文第一段提到的“In 1974, after filling out fifty applications，”推知，在1974年要想在美国得到一份工作是非常艰难的事情，所以答案选C项。56A考查推理判断。从文章第三段的“I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.”和第四段中的“In college I had been taughtbut the text evidently ignored the fact”推知，作为一位新老师，作者过于理想化和教条主义，所学
41、知识和现实之间有很大的差异，这是作者的问题所在，由此可知A项为最佳答案。57A考查推理判断。从文章第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.”可以推断出，当老板坐在课堂上听课，而我却对学生束手无策时，一种要丢掉工作饭碗的预感深深困扰着我，由此答案选A项。58C考查细节理解。从第六段“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying”可知，令作者还有些成就感的是她终于顺利地上完了课，而且也没有哭，答案选C项。59B考查推理判断。从文章
42、倒数第三段“You had nothing to say to them”推断知，老板认为作者没有真正地对学生发问，也就是说作者没有真正地了解学生，走近学生，所以学生们在她的课堂中表现很差，答案选B项。60C 考查观点态度。从倒数第三段中“He named my problems and offered solutions.”知，作者的老板对作者非常友善，他指出了作者的不足并积极提供解决方法，由此可知他是一个很真诚并且给予帮助的人，故答案C项最佳。C22013重庆卷 -AThe morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching，and Id bee
43、n in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.Cant you see things from my point of view？”I shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth.Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain was r
44、eally unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book，but no one could see me immediately.Finally，at about lunchtime，I got lucky.“If you come by right now，”the receptionist said，“the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt abou
45、t the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasnt he as busy as the others?In the dentists office，I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm h
46、and over my icecold one.When I told her my fears，she laughed and said，“Dont worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him？”I asked impatiently.“Come on，he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.“The artwork？”I was puzzled.The chair went back
47、. Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was！At that moment，I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!56Which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?ACheerful.BNervo
48、us.CSatisfied.DUpset.57What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?AThe dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.BThe dentists being as busy as the other dentists.CThe surroundings of the dentists office.DThe laughing assistant of the dentist.58Why did the author suddenly smile?
49、ABecause the dentist came at last.BBecause she saw a picture on the ceiling.CBecause she could relax in the chair.DBecause the assistant kept comforting her.59What did the author learn from her experience most probably?AStrike while the iron is hot.BHave a good word for ones friend.CPut oneself in o
50、thers shoes.DA friend in need is a friend indeed.【要点综述】 作者牙痛难忍，通过电话簿寻医，大多数医生不能马上为她诊治。最后，一位牙医欣然同意立马诊治。作者对该医生的医术能力表示怀疑：别的医生都很忙，只有医道不精者才门可罗雀。但后来的事实表明作者看人的方式有问题。在该诊所，作者受该医生匠心独运的安排的影响，调整了心情，忘却了病痛，也明白了事理。56D推理判断题。第一段中，aching, hurt及unbearable等词均描述作者的心境：难受。57A细节理解题。第三段最后两句说明作者对该牙医的怀疑：别的牙医均未答应立即施救，唯独该牙医欣然答应诊治，反倒引起别人对其医术的怀疑。58B推理判断题。因为看见天花板上医生为病人绘制的美图，会使病人忘却病痛，因此作者感到释然而笑。该题干扰较大的选项为C，但坐在牙科医生的手术椅上不一定就能缓解病痛，故排除C项。59C综合推理题。 put oneself in others shoes为习语，意思为：使某人处于和别人相同的处境，即换位思考。牙医用天花板的美图来消解病人的苦痛，即改变对事物的认识角度，从而解决问题。
