1、cigarette ntobacco ncocaine ninject vt.needle nburglary nratio nshoplifting n caf nhorrible adj.leaflet ndistraction njogging ngymnastic adj.1(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 使处于状态2(2019全国卷)Of the nin
2、eteen recognized polar bear subpopulation, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 确认的3(2018浙江卷)Among the bag makers arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce an
3、d transport. 禁令单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1drug n毒品；药品2cancer n癌症3reduce vt.减少4nearby adj.附近的5likely adj.可能的6adult n成人7ban vt.禁止8affect vt.影响；对有坏影响用所给词的适当形式填空。1(2020江苏卷)Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects(affect) performance.2(2018天津卷)Most of us observed much more as children than we
4、 do as adults(adult)3(2018浙江卷)They hope paper bags will be banned(ban) someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.4New research finds smokers are 53% more likely(likely) to divorce than nonsmokers.派生单词语境运用1addict n对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子 vt.使上瘾addiction n瘾，入迷，嗜好addictive adj.(药物等)上
5、瘾的2danger n危险dangerous adj.危险的endanger vt.危及3power n力量；权力powerful adj.有力的；(药物等)有功效的4crime n罪行；犯罪行为criminal n罪犯用所给词的适当形式填空。1He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger. So I told him driving fast was dangerous and if he didnt slow down, he would endanger our lives.(danger)2He liked play
6、ing online games so much that it didnt take him long to become addicted to them. The addiction to games is taking over his life. So he is really a game addict. (addict)5.connect v联系；连接connection n联系；关系；关联6legal adj.合法的illegal adj.违法的；不合法的7treat vt. 治疗；对待treatment n治疗8disagree vi.不同意；意见不合disagreement
7、 n不同意9participate v参加；参与participant n参与者；参加者10recognise vt.认识；认知；认出recognition n认出；识别3.After he came to power, everyone said he was a powerful man. But now, everything has changed.(power)4He received a medical treatment in the hospital and was well treated by doctors and nurses, so he recovered very
8、 quickly.(treat)5Although all people could participate in the activity, most of the participants were young people.(participate)6They said they disagreed with our view. As a matter of fact, their disagreement was due to a misunderstanding.(disagree) 短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1look up 向上看；查找2break into 破门而入；强行闯入
9、3belong to 属于4become addicted to 对上瘾；沉迷于5put up 提高(价钱)；举起6break the law 犯法选用左面短语的适当形式填空。Li Hua belongs to Class Two，and he became addicted to computer games last year.He broke into a house one day to get the money for games，and then he was arrested.Li Hua regretted he had broken the law and decided
10、to get rid of the bad habit.Now he is a good student in our school.7give up 戒除；放弃8set a date 定下一个日期9in pain 处于痛苦中10related to 与有关联的11in danger 处于危险之中12take ones advice 听某人的意见13in order to/so as to 为了选用左面短语的适当形式填空。Mr. Smith suffers from a serious disease.His disease is related to smoking and his life
11、 is in dangerThe doctor says if he doesnt stop smoking，he is likely to lose his life.In order to live a healthy life，he takes the doctors advice and decides to give up smoking.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1现在分词短语作伴随状语。Now I work in a centre for drug addicts，helping others to stop taking drugs.玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，读着一本书。
12、Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.2.“否定词比较级”表示最高级。I couldnt agree more.我再也找不到比这家更好的旅馆了。I cant find a better hotel than this one.3.whatever引导让步状语从句。Whatever youre doing when you want to smoke do something else! 无论遇到什么样的困难，他都要继续推行他的计划。Whatever difficulties he may meet with，he will
13、 carry on his plan.1addict n对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子 vt.使上瘾(1)addict oneself to 沉溺于；醉心于be/become/get addicted to .沉迷于；热爱，迷上(2)addiction n瘾，入迷，嗜好addiction to 对上瘾a football addict 足球迷be addicted to network novels 沉迷于网络小说addict herself to playing the piano 她迷恋弹钢琴基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错Our appetite for new products also
14、contributes to the problem.We are addicted to buying(buy) new things.Some students are now fighting their addiction(addict) to computer games.Teenagers addicting to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. addictingaddicted链接写作一句多译很多孩子沉迷于上网，以至于他们对学习失去了兴趣。Many kids are addicted to surf
15、ing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study.(addicted)Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study.(addict)2reduce vt.减少；降低；使处于状态高考原句2020全国卷Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(1)reduce .to .把减少到/使沦落为reduce .b
16、y .把减少了(2)be reduced to(doing) .沦落为；陷入某种状态one of the most effective ways to reduce stress 减少压力最有效的方式之一reduce the risk of heart disease and sudden deaths 降低心脏病和猝死的危险be reduced to begging in the street 沦落到在大街上乞讨的地步基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce(reduce) the
17、 urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%, we cant afford it either.A big earthquake reduced their houses in ruins. into链接写作句式升级普通表达：They have reduced the prices in the shop, so its a good time to go shopping.高级表达
18、：With the prices reduced in the shop, its a good time to go shopping.(with复合结构)3likely adj.可能的 adv.很可能高考原句2020全国卷Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.be likely to do sth.很可能做某事It is likely that .很可能not likely 绝不可能；才不
19、会be likely to arrive a bit late 可能会晚点到be likely to have high blood pressure and heart attacks 可能会患高血压和心脏病be likely to stick to healthy food choices 很可能会坚持选择健康食物基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2019北京卷)These developments are likely to make(make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.(2018全国卷)Its more likely
20、that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging.If one is late for a job interview, he is not likely that he will get the job. 第一个heit链接写作一句多译年轻劳动力的极度缺乏很可能会在中国发生。A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China.Its likely that a great decline in young work for
21、ce will occur in China.4affect vt.影响；对有坏影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭高考原句2019北京卷Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.(1)be affected by 被侵袭；被感动be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)effect n作用；
22、影响；结果in effect 事实上have an effect on 对有影响affect educational achievement 影响学业成绩affect many different organs of the body 影响身体的很多器官have a positive effect on our daily life 对我们的日常生活有积极的影响基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2019江苏卷)Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.What kind of
23、education can be meaningful to young people affected(affect) by conflict? The traffic issue not only affects on our everyday life, but may also threaten peoples lives. 去掉on链接写作一句多译显然，盲目听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。Apparently, blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment(affect)Apparently, blind
24、ly following others advice will have an effect on our own judgment(effect)5recognise(recognize) vt.认识；认知；认出；承认，认可高考原句2020江苏卷We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.(1)recognise sb./ones voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音recognise .a
25、s/to be .承认/认出是It is recognised that .人们公认(2)recognition n认出；认识out of/beyond recognition 认不出来recognise her at first sight 一眼就认出了她change out of all recognition 变得面目全非be universally recognised as one of the greatest scientists of all time 被公认为有史以来最伟大的科学家之一基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2019江苏卷)Chinas image is improv
26、ing steadily, with more countries recognising(recognise) its role in international affairs.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.The city has been built up so fast that it has changed from beyond the recognition. 去掉recognition前的the链接写作一句多译人们公认为环境污染已经成为人类面对的最严重的问题之一
27、。It is recognised that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(it is recognised that .)Environmental pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.(sth.be recognised to )联想发散表示“认为是”的短语还有：consider .as/to be .；tre
28、at .as .；regard .as .；view .as .；think of .as .；look on/upon .as .。6break into 破门而入；强行闯入；突然起来break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入break out 突然爆发break through 突破break up 打碎；拆散；分解；结束break down 分解；出故障；垮掉；扫除(障碍)break into a run 拔腿跑了起来break in with a suggestion 插话提出建议break down some barriers to trade between them 扫除他们之间的
29、贸易障碍名师点津break into和break in都有“闯入”的意思。break into为及物动词短语，其后需跟宾语；而break in为不及物动词短语，后面不跟宾语。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2020天津卷).the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. Thieves broke in our house
30、 while we were away on holiday. ininto链接写作句式升级普通表达：As soon as he stepped on the stage, the audience broke into thunderous applause.高级表达：No sooner/Hardly had he stepped on the stage than/when the audience broke into thunderous applause.(部分倒装)7give up 戒除；放弃；让给；停止高考原句2019全国卷I dont see any reason to giv
31、e up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.give up sth.to 把让给/献给give away 泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)；捐赠give in (to) 屈服(于)，(向)让步give off 发出(蒸汽、味道)；发散(光线)give out 用完，用尽；分发；分布give up the bad habit of smoking 戒除吸烟的不良习惯give up his seat to a pregnant woman 他把座
32、位让给了一个怀孕的女士never give in to terrorist threats 从不屈服于恐怖分子的威胁基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2020山东卷)Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. (2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark. It
33、s good manners to give out your seat to the old when on the bus. outup链接写作词汇升级普通表达：You have been coughing all the time.I think you should stop smoking.高级表达：You have been coughing all the time.I think you should give up smoking.8(教材P19)Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else!无论你在
34、做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事吧！句型公式句中whatever引导让步状语从句，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“不管，无论”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。(1)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。(2)whenever，wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。金句推送Whatever she says will not make any
35、difference to our arrangements.无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(2020江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for whatever(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.What problem he meets with, he never gi
36、ves up. WhatWhatever链接写作一句多译无论结果是什么，我们应该微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.(whatever)No matter what the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.(what)夯基固本基础强化.用所给词的正确形式填空。1To improve the air qu
37、ality, the use of private cars should be reduced(reduce)2With the governments aid, those affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.3Look at the rainbow.It is likely to be(be) fine tomorrow.4Addicted(addict) to Chinese culture, he decided to learn Chinese in a night school.
38、5I havent seen her since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognise).在空白处填入一个适当的词。1Whatever decision he made I would support it.2They were so angry that they suddenly broke into a quarrel.3So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve s
39、uccess.4The sales of goods were reduced by 25 percent this year.5The students who are addicted to Internet games usually dont work hard.在下列句子中找出一处错误并改正。1People living in rural areas are like to be more friendly than those living in the city. likelikely2His life in the big city was hard and finally h
40、e was reduced to beg for a living. begbegging3Whatever he says it, the manager doesnt believe him. 去掉it4The couple gave out most of their fortune to the poor in their small town. outaway5A thief broke into during the night and stole all his money. intoin查缺补漏知识拾遗.用所给词的正确形式填空。1The newlymade medicine i
41、s the most powerful(power) in stopping headaches.2The injured in the earthquake have received timely treatment(treat) in the hospital.3One evening Harry phoned me, asking(ask) me to come to his flat as soon as possible.4As far as Im concerned(concern), the meal couldnt have been worse.5Its illegal(l
42、egal) to read peoples private letters without permission.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1It is generally considered that terrorism is a danger to society.2Although I disagree with you on this matter, I respect your choice.3Most people are for the ban on smoking in public places.4The matter related to your fate cant b
43、e taken for granted.5All the workers belonging to the school must obey the rule. 强技提能语言应用.语法填空Taking drugs, such as cannabis and cocaine, is more 1dangerous(danger) than taking cigarettes, because it is regarded as a crime. In most countries, taking drugs is severely banned. It 2.affects(affect) not
44、 only ones health but also our society. Once someone is 3.addicted(addict) to drugs, he is most likely to do something 4.illegal(legal)shoplifting, or breaking 5.into others houses to steal something belonging to others.My cousin, Bob, who used to be a healthy person. Because his father disagreed 6w
45、ith him about his future career, in order to let out his anger, he went to the net bar with his best friend, who was in 7connection(connect) with a drug group. He offered Bob some crack cocaine. Gradually, Bob became addicted and couldnt give it 8.up. Whats worse, he took his friends advice to steal
46、 something and sell it so as to buy 9.drugs(drug). He became a danger to others.I didnt recognise him after he received 10.treatment(treat). Now he reduced the chance of contacting his friends.书面表达Step 1要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)吸毒已成为一个严重的问题，它影响家人并危及整个社会。Taking drugs has become a very serious problem, an
47、d it affects the family and also endangers the whole society众所周知，毒品对健康危害很大，可能会造成吸毒者死亡。As is known to all, drugs do very great harm to our health, and they are likely to cause deaths for drug addicts一旦吸毒上瘾，很难戒掉。Once a person is addicted to drugs, it will be hard to give up许多犯罪行为与吸毒直接相关。Many crimes ar
48、e directly related to taking drugs为远离毒品，应该教育年轻人意识到毒品太有害了。In order to keep away from drugs, young people should be educated to realize that drugs are too harmful.Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)(1)用非限制性定语从句改写句Taking drugs has become a very serious problem, which affects the family and also endangers the
49、whole society.(2)用“否定词比较级”改写句In order to keep away from drugs, young people should be educated to realize that drugs cant be more harmful.Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)Taking drugs has become a very serious problem, which affects the family and also endangers the whole society.As is known to all, drug
50、s do very great harm to our health, and they are likely to cause deaths for drug addicts.Once a person is addicted to drugs, it will be hard to give up.Meanwhile, many crimes are directly related to taking drugs.Therefore, in order to keep away from drugs, young people should be educated to realize that drugs cant be more harmful.
