1、Unit 4SharingThe world is not made of bricks and mortar (泥浆). It is made up of people interacting (相互影响) with each other and supporting each other. Each year volunteer workers put in hundreds of thousands of hours in a huge range of activities. Sometimes they are in formal organizations; more often
2、they are simply helping out those in the neighborhood less fortunate than themselves. What they have in common is that they are doing their volunteer work because they want to, not because they are paid.International Volunteer Day celebrates one of the most honorable jobs in the world being a volunt
3、eer. Many notforprofit and nongovernment organizations rely on the devotion of volunteers and International Volunteer Day gives these organizations an opportunity to acknowledge (认可) their efforts.The United Nations General Assembly (联合国大会) established International Volunteer Day in 1985. Internatio
4、nal Volunteer Day is the perfect time for an organization to express thanks to its volunteers.开启快乐学习之旅助人等于助己，助人为乐。志愿服务是一条双向路。当志愿人员帮助其他人实现积极变革时，他们自己的生活也常常因为志愿服务本身而发生转变。就让我们一起了解一下国际志愿者日吧！Unit 4Sharing Section Warming Up Reading.重点单词1concept n. 观念；概念2weekly adj. & adv. 每周(的)week n. 周，星期3relevant adj. 有
5、关的；切题的4remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的5adjust vi. & vt. 调整；(使)适合adjustment n. 调整；适合adjustable adj. 可调整的6participate vi. 参与；参加participation n. 参加participant n. 参加者7otherwise conj. 否则；不然；adv. 用别的方法；其他方面8privilege n. 特权；特别优待9arrangement n. 安排；排列arrange v. 安排.重点短语1hear_from 接到的信hear_of/about 听说2(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望b
6、e_eager_to_do/be_anxious_to_do/long_to_do 渴望做3the_other_day 不久前的一天4dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸.重点句式1It takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事It takes me only a few minutes to_walk (walk) to school down a muddy track.我沿着一条泥泞的小路步行，只要几分钟就到学校了。2be doing.when.正在做突然The other day I was_showi
7、ng the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when,_before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示每周一次的化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！3do表强调的用法But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit_a_village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.但是上个周末，我和另一个老师，珍妮，确实拜访了
8、一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。4from where引导定语从句We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。课文预读一封家书第12段译文亲爱的罗斯玛丽：谢谢你的来信，这封信花费了两星期才到。接到你的
9、信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。你问起我的中学情况。嗯，它是一所丛林学校教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候走多达两个小时才到学校。第34段译文这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课程，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过
10、来！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生究竟有多大用处。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。嗯，那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语方言。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下
11、一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。第5段译文汤贝的父亲，莫卡普，把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草这表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新做的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的
12、地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有财产就是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有几个罐子。第6段译文莫卡普在屋子外边生火。一旦火着起来后，他就往火里放了几块石头。当烧热时，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，虽然我无法参与到他们的对话中去。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。第79段译文后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。他们相信剩
13、饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。能与汤贝一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课，做一些文书工作。请早日来信。爱你的，乔课文理解.课文判断正(T)误(F)1The classrooms are made of bricks and the roofs of grass.(F)2It always takes the boys only a few mi
14、nutes to get to the school.(F)3Science is the most challenging subject for Jo.(T)4When Jo and Jenny arrived at the village, they shook hands with all the villagers.(T)5Tombe threw out the tin can because its very dirty.(F).课文阅读理解1Which of the following is TRUE about Jos attitude?AShe is sure that al
15、l the boys will go to college in the future.BShe believes that chemistry is very useful to the boys.CShe is wondering if she can make any difference to the boys lives.DShe doesnt like the simple life in the mountain village.答案：C2In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because th
16、ey _.Awere frightened by the bubbling mixtureBcouldnt stand the terrible smell of the mixtureCdidnt like doing chemistry experimentsDknew chemistry was not relevant to them答案：A3By writing “The only possessions I could see were.”， the author wants to tell us _.ATombes family were kindheartedBTombes f
17、amily were guestloversCTombes family only used simple thingsDTombes family was too poor答案：D4Which of the following descriptions is NOT true about Tombes house?AIt was a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof.BIt was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.CIt was roundshaped,
18、with small windows and a narrow doorway.DThere were only a few possessions in it.答案：C5How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombes family?AHappy.BSad.CWorried.DUpset.答案：A.课文难句分析1Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year
19、8 anyway.句式分析此句为复合句，how引导宾语从句；most of whom引导定语从句。自主翻译有时候，我真想知道化学对这些学生有多大用处，毕竟他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。2Tombes father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof this shows it is a mans house.句式分析Mukap作Tombes father的同位语，a low bamboo hut作his house的同位语；with grass
20、 sticking out of the roof是with的复合结构作定语，修饰hut；it is a mans house为省略that的宾语从句。自主翻译汤贝的父亲莫卡普把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。1 (教材P29)Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.有时候，我真想知道化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。反正
21、他们中大多数上完八年级以后就会回到他们的村庄去。be relevant tohave sth.to do with与有关relevance n. 关联have (no) relevance to 与有(无)关relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地irrelevant adj. 无关的；不切题的即学即用(1)These issues are directly relevant to the needs of slow learners.这些问题与学得慢的人的需要有直接关系。(2)What you have said has no relevance to the subject.你所说的
22、与主题无关。(3)I dont think what he said is_relevant_to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.我认为他的发言和我们正在讨论的话题无关，他没有抓住要领。(4)The new machines relevantly detailed functions have to be further studied.有关这台新机器的详细功能还需要进一步研究。2 (教材P30)The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust
23、.小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。(1)adjust sth.to sth.调整以适应adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应于(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应make an adjustment 做出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的即学即用(1)It took a while for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.她用一小会儿的时间来让眼睛适应黑暗。(2)This kind of desk can be adjusted to
24、 the height you need.这种课桌可以调整到你需要的高度。(3)Shes in new surroundings, and she has to make an adjustment.她现在在新环境里，需要做出调整。(4)When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust_to_living on his own.当一个孩子在国外留学时，他必须要学会适应靠自己生活。(5)单句填空The desks and chairs are adjustable (adjust), and you can adjust (adju
25、st) them to the height of the students. The adjustment (adjust) is not difficult to_make (make)3 (教材P30) I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation.我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能参与谈话。(1)participate in参加partici
26、pate in (doing) sth.with sb. 与某人一起参加/参与做某事participate with sb.in sth. 与某人分担某事(2)participation n. 参加；参与participant n. 参加者；参与者即学即用(1)Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study programme.去年春天，我有幸被选中参加一个交流学习的项目。(2)The Internet provides people with an interactive platfo
27、rm to communicate and participate with each other.互联网给人们提供了一个相互交流、相互参与的互动平台。(3)Encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated_in the English speech contest.在老师的鼓励下，参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。(4)一句多译It is difficult for you to defend your championship because there_are_so_many_students_participa
28、ting_in the competition. (there be结构)With_so_many_students_participating_in the competition, it is difficult for you to defend your championship. (with的复合结构)有这么多的学生参加比赛，你要保住冠军是很难的。4 otherwise conj. 否则，不然；adv. 用别的方法；其他方面；adj. 别的，另外的；不同的(教材P30)Otherwise they dont waste anything.否则的话他们是不会浪费任何东西的。同义短语：o
29、r else否则；in other ways在其他方面or otherwise或相反but otherwise 但在别的方面却and otherwise 等等；及其他温馨提示otherwise表示相反的假设时，其分句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。即学即用(1)Well go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.(作连词)我们得早点儿去，要不然就没有座位了。(2)We were delayed at the airport, otherwise we would have been here by lunchtime. (虚拟)我们在机场延误了时间，否则的话，我
30、们就可以在吃午餐前赶到这儿。(3)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited more places of interest yesterday.昨天我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则的话，我们会多参观几个名胜古迹的。(4)I was ill that day, otherwise/or/or_else I would have participated in the sports meet.那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。5 (教材P30)It was such a privilege to ha
31、ve spent a day with Tombes family.跟汤贝一家度过一天，真是一种殊荣。(1)Its a privilege to do sth.能做真是光荣。have the privilege to do/of 有(做)的特权/荣幸(2)privilege vt. 给予特权，特别优待(3)privileged adj. 有特权的；受特别优待的be privileged to do sth 有幸做即学即用(1)Only the students in this school enjoy the privilege of the free meals.只有本校的学生才能享受免费用
32、餐的特权。(2)I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.但愿有幸与他们再度合作。(3)Its_a_great_privilege (是莫大的荣幸) to meet you here.(4)The disabled have_the_privilege (有特权) to go to hospital freely in that area.6 (教材P31)Sleeping arrangements睡觉安排(1)come to an arrangement谈妥；达成协议make arrangements for 为做好准备；
33、为做好安排(2)arrange v. 安排；排列；协商arrange (for sb./sth.) to do sth. 安排(某人/某物)做某事arrange with sb.to do sth. 和某人商定做某事It is/was arrangedthat从句. 据约定/安排温馨提示arrange sth.安排某事，而arrange for sth.指为某事做准备。即学即用(1)We arranged for a car to meet them at the airport.我们安排了一辆车去机场接他们。(2)It is arranged that the meeting will be
34、 cancelled.据安排这次会议将会被取消。(3)We have finished all_the_arrangementsfor the party.我们已经完成晚会的所有安排工作。(4)单句填空They had an arrangement (arrange) that the children would spend their holiday abroad.1 (教材P29)I know youre dying to hear all about my life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you pictur
35、e the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。(1)be dying/eager/anxious/thirsty to do sth.渴望做某事be dying/eager/anxious/thirsty for sth. 渴望得到某物(2)long for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事desire for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事即学即用Firstly, as a student who is dying to learn knowledge, it is ne
36、cessary to build an effective method in your study.首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。The staff are dying for a chance to go to the shore annually.全体员工都渴望每年有机会去海边。Hearing the news, she was dying to_congratulate (congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test.听到这一消息，她极想庆祝她丈夫通过了驾驶考试。2 (教材P29)
37、The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！one day有一天(多用于一般过去或将来时)some day 某一天；有朝一日(多用于将来时)another day 改天(表示近期将来的某一天)the other days 其他几天(某范围内的几天)即学即用The other
38、day, when jogging along the shore, I witnessed a giant awesome shark with sharp teeth.不久前的一天，当我沿着海岸慢跑时，我目睹了一条长着锋利牙齿的可怕的大鲨鱼。One day I went (go) to see my first teacher, but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的启蒙老师，可碰巧他出去了。Some day youll be bound to_pay (pay) for what you have done.总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。3 (教材P
39、30)Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。dry out完全变干；干透dry up 干涸(指河流、湖泊等无水了)即学即用Dont leave the bread on the table; it will dry out.不要把面包放在桌子上，它会干掉的。As the river dried up,_a lot of fish in the depths died, and the land around dried out.由于河流干涸，河水深处
40、的许多鱼都死了，而且周围的土地也干透了。1 But last weekend another teacher， Jenny， and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys， Tombe.不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。(1)did visit.属于“do/does/did动词原形”构成的强调句型。He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。(2)这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，不用于否定句和疑问
41、句。He did_come here yesterday.他昨天的确来过这里。Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。2 We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。句中
42、from where引导定语从句，相当于and from here/there。She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶，从山顶上她可以一览全镇的风光。名师点津from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。China is the birthplace of kites，from which kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thaila
43、nd and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。Alice stood at the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing football.艾丽丝站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。.单词拼写1I dont think his words are relevant (相关的) to our discussion.2It took Mary only a fortnight (两星期) to adjust to the life in this new school.3T
44、hanks to the waitress excellent arrangement(s) (安排), Im feeling so good sitting at this table.4Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否则) we will feel lonely.5Its my privilege (优先权) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.6My English teacher asked us to choos
45、e a topic, make a weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.7Our class are going to visit poor children in a remote (遥远的) mountainous area this weekend.8Computers have reduced the amount of paperwork (文书工作) in offices considerably.9Mr Smith tried to adjust (调整) his schedule to leave some time fo
46、r his sons graduation ceremony.10The farmer representatives should have the right to participate (参与) in discussion about their future.选词填空dry up， get through， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， come across， be dying to， the other day， adjust to1Dont leave the vegetable on the ta
47、ble for a long time, or it will dry_out.2Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is what makes_a_difference.3The river dried_up in the late summer, so we could go across it easily.4The_other_day,_I was invited to my friend Sams home for dinner.5The man was so fat that he couldnt get_t
48、hrough the door.6I came_across this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.7I heard_from your mom that you are planning to drop out of school, and I have been constantly worried about you.8Participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cul
49、tural qualities as well.9Mike is_dying_to apply for a new job, but he is unconfident of himself.10Its natural to have difficulty adjusting_to a new culture.补全句子1Students in our school are encouraged to participate_in/take_part_in_more_activities (参加更多的活动) after class in order to broaden their knowle
50、dge.2Mr Black is trying to offer all the details which_are_relevant_to_the_topic (与这个话题相关的)3We havent met each other for almost thirty years. Much to my surprise, I heard_from_him_the_other_day (前几天收到了他的来信)4Every time I put my hands on a new book, I am_dying_to_read_it (急切地想读一读它)5Having moved to Ame
51、rica, she adapted_to_the_change (适应变化) soon.6Even the simplest daily activities can make_a_difference_to_the_environment (对环境造成影响)7A smile can help_us_get_through_difficult_situations (帮助我们渡过难关)8It_wasnt_long_before (没过多久) he became aware that he had gone the wrong way.9While_(I_was)_removing_the_we
52、eds (清理杂草时) in the garden the other day, I came across the rare plant.10We have already made_arrangements_for (为做好了安排) our vacation. We are dying to set out.翻译句子1我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确经常踢球。(do的强调用法)I_dont_take_much_exercise_now,_but_I_did_play_football_a_lot_when_I_was_in_junior_school.2在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能
53、修补你们的友谊。(doubt whether)In_your_last_mail_you_doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_mend_your_friendship.3他正在写作业这时他听到有人敲门。(be doing.when.)He_was_doing_his_homework_when_he_heard_a_knock_on_the_door.4能见证并参与英语俱乐部的成长是我的荣幸。(it is.to do sth.)Its_a_privilege_for_me_to_witness_and_participate_in_the_growth_of_
54、the_English_club.5在婚礼之前，人们通常在窗口和门上贴上“喜”字，它增添喜庆气氛。(定语从句)People_usually_put_Xi_on_their_windows_and_doors_before_wedding,_which_adds_to_the_happy_atmosphere.6他的梦想实现了，但他的家庭继续还在各个方面支持他。(with复合结构)With_his_dream_coming_true,_his_family_continues_to_support_him_in_every_way.7他们爬上了塔顶，从那里他们能看到远处正在发生的事情。(“介词关系副词”引导的定语从句)They_climbed_to_the_top_of_the_tower,_from_where_they_could_see_what_was_happening_in_the_distance.8与别人用英语交谈时，我常常感到紧张。(从属连词现在分词作状语)When talking with others in English, I often feel nervous.
