1、专题06 史地人文类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地
2、理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。【技巧点拨】命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。【读相关词】1. attackvt.进攻；袭击 2. disappear vi.消失 disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑 4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠为生；向提供 5. local adj.
3、当地的 locate vt.把设置(在)；使坐落(于) location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高 8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭 10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓 threat n.威胁12.abolish vt. 废除 13.aggression n.侵略 aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密 15.distribute vt. 发放；分发 d
4、istribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代 18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发 eruptionn.爆发 19.frighten vt. 使惊恐 frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的 frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj. 有雾的 fog n.雾 21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 freezevi.&vt.将冷冻，冻僵 frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理 23.historic adj. 历史的；有历史意义的 history
5、n.历史 historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的 24.historical adj. 与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt. 侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj. 多山的30.occupy vt. 占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj. 宗教的34.remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrific
6、e vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴 40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖 42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器 44.geography地理45.mineral 矿藏，矿物质46 .southeastern东南方的47.northwestern西北方的48.urban architecture城市建筑49.the art gallery艺术长廊50.悠久历史have a long history/with a long history51.矿产资源min
7、eral resource52.城市规划urban planning53.城镇人口urban population 54.追溯到date back to 55.占地面积7 434 平方公里cover an area of 7，434 square kilometres56.人口超过600万have a population of over 6 million/with a population of more than 6 million.57.2 200年的悠久历史have a history of 2，200 years/with a history of 2，200 yearsPart
8、2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020天津卷5月】Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If youre studying history, asking yourself the question why is history important is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that wil
9、l arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we g
10、ot to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to
11、reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.History makes us mor
12、e empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. Were
13、 scared of the things that we dont understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.History can inspire us to learn more. whats fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. Its almost
14、impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up swi
15、tching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We dont have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from
16、 it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.1.The underlined part where we are today in Para. 2 probably means _.A. the turning point in our historyB. the present state of our nationC. the location of our homelandD. the total area of our country2. According to the experts, why is
17、history useful for people to handle challenges of life?A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solv
18、e problems.3. What can be concluded from Para.4?A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures.C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.4. With the example in Para.5, the wri
19、ter intends to show that_.A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.D. studying history can arouse peoples interest in other fields.5. What could be the best tit
20、le for the passage?A. How to Build Cultural IdentityB. Why Studying History MattersC. Know the Past, Know the PresentD. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。1.猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of
21、 our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same
22、. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures和History has the potential to break down those bou
23、ndaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 History can inspire us to learn more:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,
24、还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段If youre studying history, asking yourself the question why is history important is a very good first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying History Matter
25、s?能概括全文内容。故选B。【强重难词】1. ancestral adj. 祖先的；祖传的2. evolution n. 演变；进化论；进展3. insight n. 洞察力；洞悉4. empathy n. 神入；移情作用；执着；感同身受；共鸣5. ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂6. underestimate vt. 低估；看轻n. 低估7. definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地8. concept n. 观念，概念9. switch your attention 转换注意力10. feel pointless觉得毫无意义11. human civi
26、lization人类文明12. History grounds us in our roots 历史扎根于我们13. have the potential to do sth.有潜力做14. reflect on仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑【析长难句】1. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. 【解析】这是一个主从复合句。that引导的是一个定语从句，它做从句的主语，整个定语从句修饰前面的so
27、mething；or连接的是两个并列谓语，即find something here和 get you thinking about 。【译文】“你会在这里发现一些会引起你的兴趣或让你思考历史意义的东西。【仿写】_2. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got
28、to where we are today. 【解析】这是一个主从复合句。and连接的是两个并列句History is an 和 learning the history .；其中第二个并列句中又有一个and连接的how we got to where we are today.的宾语从句。【译文】“历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深刻、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天的。【仿写】_3. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on th
29、e social and economic life of the people living long time ago【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的an amazing experience是令人吃惊的经历，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中reflect on是反思的意思。【译文】阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020全国新课标3】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独
30、), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house
31、 in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a
32、 house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how man
33、y people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common
34、. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to b
35、e about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Vi
36、ctorian house in Bristol?A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?A. Positive.B. Carefree.C. Tolerant.D. Unwilling.30. What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A. Family traditions.B. Financi
37、al reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.31. What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤
38、立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Wou
39、ld I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2
40、002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，
41、作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。【强重难词】1. isolation n.孤独2. multigenerational ad
42、j. 几代人的3. indicate v. 表明；指示，显示4. varieties of 各种各样的5. be more firmly rooted in 深深地扎根于6. from my standpoint,从我的立场来看7. float the idea 提出一个想法【析长难句】 1. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living toge
43、ther under the same roof.【解析】破折号后的 one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.是对前一句的解释；living together under the same roof为现在分词作状语修饰前面的families。【译文】四年前，他们全都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层维多利亚式住宅英国越来越多的几世同堂的家庭之一。【仿写】_2. With the young unable to afford to leave h
44、ome and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.【解析】With the young unable to .是with+n.+to do的复合结构，做状语。【译文】由于年轻人无法负担离开家的费用和老年人面临的孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。【仿写】_3. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
45、【解析】where引导的定语从句修饰前面的parts of the world。【译文】这样的故事在世界上多代人生活更为常见，而且多代人同住的观念在这些地区的人中根深蒂固。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2018年新课标卷III】Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suite
46、d to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.
47、 In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold.
48、 They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were wor
49、th the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depend
50、ed on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. T
51、ourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
52、?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D.
53、 They were short of food.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like
54、 a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。26.B
55、 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A
56、正确。Passage 2【真题自测】【2017浙江卷】FLORENCE, ItalySvetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and an
57、swer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for na
58、tives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requir
59、ement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 199
60、0, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italys then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants children accounting for an ever larger percentage
61、 of births in Italy.Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integrat
62、ion.Italians always see me as a foreigner, an outsider, even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.C. To find a better job in
63、 Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may _.A. reduce Italys population quickly B. cause conflicts among peopleC. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools30. What do we know about Cojochru?A. She lives with her sister now
64、in Italy.B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D. She wishes to go back to her home country.【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章。首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而
65、且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。30.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。Passage 3【新题模拟】（2021吉林长春市高三一模） Rome wasnt built in a day. And neither was the Roman subway system. Underground work is slow go
66、ing, because construction workers often meet with frescoes(壁画) and other valuable stone foundations thousands of years ago. And a few years ago, they found the wooden foundations of a luxurious porch from a Roman building.So local archaeologists called in Mauro Bernabei of the National Research Coun
67、cil of Italy. Hes a dendrochronologist: someone who analyzes tree rings, which give age and environmental information.We have to study wood because its full, really full, of information! Bernabei and his team found that the wooden planks were oak(橡木). But the woods origin was harder to determine. So
68、 they compared the tree rings in the oak floor to those available in libraries of tree rings that contain timber fromall over Europe. And they found a match for the Roman woodfrom the Jura region of eastern France, more than 600 miles away.The researchers also determined that it was used in about 40
69、 to 60 BCAnd some came from trees already up to 300 years old when they were cut down. The details are in the journal PLOS ONE.The discovery is the first clear evidence of oak from north of the Alps being used to build ancient Rome. And its a reminder that the Romans had a complex trading network. T
70、hese trees, for example, likely floated down two rivers, across the Mediterranean and up another river to Rome.Bernabei says Roman archaeologists usually destroy ancient woodits not as valuable as jewelry and vases and frescos. But hes hoping this study might change their minds.Save the wood, yes! A
71、nd call me,if you dont want to saveplease, call me!He says.1Why does the subway in Rome go slowly?AIt is hard to dig up the earth in Rome.BThere are many ancient ruins buried here.CIt is very dangerous to work too fast in RomeDThe Roman are not experienced in building subways2What can people learn f
72、rom the wood foundations?AThe wealth in ancient RomeBThe trading information of ancient RomeCThe culture of ancient RomeDThe social relations of ancient Rome3What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?AThe stone BThe subwayCThe French wood DThe Roman foundation4What is the main idea of th
73、is passage?AScientists found some information about ancient RomeBWood was not as valuable as stones in ancient RomeCOnly the rich people in ancient Rome could use woodDAncient Rome could have a rich trading network.【答案】1B2B3C4A【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。1细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergroun
74、d work is slow going, because construction workers often meet with frescoes(壁画) and other valuable stone foundations thousands of years ago.”（地下工程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。2细节理解题。根据第五段“And its a reminder that the Romans had a complex trading network.”（这也提醒我们罗
75、马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。3词句猜测题。根据第三段“And they found a match for the Roman woodfrom the Jura region of eastern France, more than 600 miles away.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。4主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“And a fe
76、w years ago, they found the wooden foundations of a luxurious porch from a Roman building.”（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“And its a reminder that the Romans had a complex trading network.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。Passage 4【新题模拟】（2021浙江高三月考） The Glo
77、be was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbages father, James Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576. The first performance for which a firm record remains was Jonsons Every Man out of His Humour with its first scene welcoming the “gracious an
78、d kind spectators” at the end of the year.On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set off during the performance, misfired, burning the wooden beams and straws. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one w
79、as hurt except a man whose burning breeches (炮后膛) were put out with a bottle of ale. It was rebuilt in the following year.Like all the other theatres in London, the Globe was closed down by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled down in 1644, or slightly later the commonly cited document dating the act
80、 to 15 April 1644 has been identified as false to make room for other buildings.A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named “Shakespeares Globe”, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V. It is an academic approximation of the original design, based on available evidence of the 1599 and 1614 b
81、uildings, and is located approximately 750 feet (230m) from the site of the original theatre.5How did the Globe Theatre begin to be on fire on 29 June 1613?AIt was set fire to by a performer by design.BIt caught fire by accident during a play.CA man put out breeches with a bottle of ale.DIt was star
82、ted by wooden beams and straws.6In what order is the text arranged?ATime BSpace CImportance DFlashback7According to the passage all the plays were performed in the Globe Theatre EXCEPT _.AJames Burbage. BEvery Man out of His HumourCHenry VIII. DHenry V8The passage is mainly about _.AThe popularity o
83、f the Globe Theatre.BThe construction of the Globe Theatre.CThe function of the Globe Theatre.DThe history of the Globe Theatre.【答案】5B6A7A8D【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。5细节理解题。由第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set o
84、ff during the performance, misfired, burning the wooden beams and straws.”（1613年6月29日，在亨利八世的演出中，环球剧院着火了。一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。6推理判断题。由第一段中的“The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbages f
85、ather, James Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，亨利八世的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的“Like all the other theatres in London, the G
86、lobe was closed down by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled down in 1644, or slightly later the commonly cited document dating the act to 15 April 1644 has been identified as false to make room for other buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除的通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件为其
87、他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的“A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named “Shakespeares Globe”, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为亨利五世），结合时间状语可知，文章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。7细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first performance for which a firm record remains was Jonsons Every Man out of His H
88、umour ”（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的每个人都失去了他的幽默感），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，亨利八世的演出中，环球剧院着火了。）和最后一段中的“A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named “Shakespeares Globe”, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“
89、莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为亨利五世。），可知环球剧院上演过每个人都失去了他的幽默感、亨利八世和亨利五世，James Burbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院演出。故选A项。8主旨大意题。由第一段中的“The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbages father, James Burbage, in Shoreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，
90、这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，亨利八世的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），第三段中的“Like all the other theatres in London, the Globe was closed down by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled down in 1
91、644, or slightly later the commonly cited document dating the act to 15 April 1644 has been identified as false to make room for other buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的“A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named “
92、Shakespeares Globe”, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为亨利五世）可知，文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。Passage 5【新题模拟】（2021上海普陀区高三一模）The Victorians Way of Having FunWhether it was visiting a human zoo, taking a bull on a hot-air balloon ride, or singing beautiful songs,
93、 Victorian Londoners loved to have fun. As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capitals huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry including theme parks, pubs and professional football. As a new book by hi
94、storian Lee Jackson explains, the hunt for profit involves surrounding morality, class and empire. So where did Victorians go for fun? And what still exists today?Dancing Rooms: Argyll Rooms, PiccadillyIts now a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878,
95、 there was a riot (暴乱). Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets. The Argyll closed as the dance craze came to an end, and Bignell turned the space into the Trocadero music hall. It kept that name through the 20th century when it was transf
96、ormed into one of Londons most tasteless tourist attractions. The site currently awaits development into a hotel.Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, ChelseaGremorne was run by three West End pub owners, popular among the young people then. It closed in 1877 after losing its licence. Pleasure gardens
97、 more generally lost their meaning of existence with the establishment of public parks. Londons rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of Londons great pleasure gardens remain.Pleasure gardens were also overshadowed by larger
98、 exhibition grounds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried to find a way of balancing entertainment with cultural education. Little physically remains of the Crystal Palace itself, which moved to Sydenham from Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grounds still exist as a public park.On the sit
99、e of the Methodist Central Hall was a short-lived attraction that attempted to transport the seaside to central London. It was railways that made Margate and Southend accessible to Londoners, and some of the leisure activities peculiar to the seaside soon made it back to the capital.Football grounds
100、: Craven Cottage, Stevenage Road, Fulham Fulham FC, Londons oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This le
101、d to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born.9Which of the following is not similar in meaning to “took to the streets” in Para. 2?Agathered together in the streets Benjoyed window shoppingCwent outside on the st
102、reets Dprotested on the streets10The reason why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in London is that .Apeople built more factories Bthey were turned into farming landCthe land was sold to developers Dthey became university campuses11What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe money from foo
103、tball is used to buy new players.BLondon has much on its football history.CFulham F.Cis more than 200 years old.DThe Victorians have cultivated many footballers.12Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?AThe building of railways led to the theme parks.BThe West Ends gardens became bi
104、g hotels.CThe Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries.DThe income from modern football supports new players.【答案】9B10C11B12C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。9词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a rio
105、t”可知，（1878年，Argyll Rooms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets.”，由此可推知，“they took to the streets”应是与“骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项A“gathered together in the streets(聚集在街上)”，选项C“went outside on the stree
106、ts(走到外面的街道上)”和选项D“protested on the streets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B“enjoyed window shopping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选B项。10细节理解题。根据文章Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, Chelsea部分第1段内容“Londons rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so litt
107、le of Londons great pleasure gardens remain.”(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。11推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Fulham FC, Londons oldest professional football club, still works at their first ground, built by the Victorians in 1896. Versions of the
108、sport had been around for centuries, but it was the Victorians who created the game and then professionalized it. This led to enclosed grounds where spectators paid for admittance, with the income spent on acquiring new players. The modern game was born.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代
109、的人在1896年建造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。12主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capit
110、als huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry including theme parks, pubs and professional football.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。选项C “The Victorians largely invented modern leisure industries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。
