1、十五 Unit 5 Developing ideas【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.The increase slowed to 0.4 percent,possibly _(indicate)the start of adowntrend.2.She gets involved with a team to create something _(amaze).3.The report should serve as a _(warn)to other potential buyers.4.Some plants pump out smelly _(chemical)to keep insect
2、s away.5.Of the six people _(injure)in the crash,only two survived.indicatingamazingwarningchemicalsinjured6.More _(surprise),the workers seem remarkably cheery about the everlonger hours.7.Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked _skin cancer.8.During the race Mr Taylor talks to the driver _
3、(use)a headset.9.In the west,people make it a rule to send Christmas presents _their relatives andfriends.10.Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating theSpring Festival.But _put forth opposite views on the problem.surprisinglytousingtoothers.完成句子1._(随着时间的流逝),I gradu
4、ally adapted myself to the schoollife.2._(众所周知)areas of childrens brains can grow when theylearn music or a language.3.Would you like to _(与分享你的经验)the restof the group?4.The basic design of the car _(非常类似)that of earlier models.With time going byIt has been known thatshare your experience withis ver
5、y similar to5._(虽然我很乐意帮忙),I do not have much timeavailable.6.A sense of humor is _we relax and recreate ourselves.幽默感是我们放松和娱乐的途径之一。7.Some people are so terribly insincere that you can never _.有些人非常虚伪,你根本说不准他们是否在讲实话。8.The novel is about a family who cant _.这部小说讲的是一个不能相互交流的家庭。While I am willing to hel
6、pone of the ways in whichtell if they are telling thetruthcommunicate with each other9._what I said is untrue,but I did not knowingly lie to you.看来我之前说的是错的,但是我并非故意向你撒谎。10.We should put aside our differences and discuss the things _.我们应当抛开分歧,讨论一下我们的共同点。It appears thatwe have incommon【主题阅读】阅读理解ASome c
7、aterpillars warning signals(信号)may have evolved(进化)fromwalking.A team,writing in the journal Nature Communications,reported that the hair-like structures the living things use to make sounds evolved from legs.The team studied caterpillars which use these structures to communicate theirownership of l
8、eaves.This means the caterpillars are able to“tell”strangers to goaway without risking injury in fighting.“These are really interesting caterpillars,”said Dr.Jayne Yack from Carleton University in Ottawa,Canada,who led theresearch.“They make signals using hair-like structures which are on their back
9、ends.”The caterpillars drag these structures across the leaf to make scraping(刺耳的)sounds when strangers enter the area of their leaves.“When they make this signal,the strangers leave,”explained Dr.Yack.“Its like saying Im here,get out ofhere I already own this leaf.”The scientists looked at other sp
10、ecies(物种)within the same group of caterpillarsand created their“family tree”.They used chemical markers(标记物)to work outthe relationship between the animals,showing which in the group were the moreancient species and which species evolved more recently.“Those more ancientspecies actually dont have th
11、ese sound-producing structures.They have legs that theyuse to walk towards strangers,”said Dr.Yack.These more ancient species,sheexplained,walk towards strangers and try to fight against them.“They can kill eachother in the fighting,”Dr.Yack added.She said that the evolution of the scraping”show had
12、 allowed the caterpillars to solve their fighting without injury.“So our idea is that these signals actually avoid harm to both sides they solve fighting in a more friendly way.The study also provides a map of an evolutionary process that many otherbiologists are researching.【文章大意】本文是科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了一
13、项研究,研究表明一些毛毛虫的警告信号是从步行进化而来的。1.What can we learn about caterpillars warning structures from the text?A.They have the same use as hair.B.They are found in caterpillars heads.C.They are used to fight against strangers.D.They may have evolved from caterpillars legs.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的A team,writing in t
14、he journal NatureCommunications,reported that the hair-like structures the living things use to makesounds evolved from legs.(在自然通讯杂志上发表文章的一个研究小组报告说,这些生物用来制造声音的毛发状结构是从腿上进化而来的)可知,它们可能是由毛毛虫的腿进化而来的。故选D。2.According to the text,Dr.Yacks team did NOT _.A.draw a family tree of caterpillarsB.create a map to
15、 show how caterpillars evolveC.study species within the same group of caterpillarsD.make clear the relationship between different species of caterpillars【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的The study also provides a map ofan evolutionary process that many other biologists are researching.(这项研究还提供了一个许多其他生物学家正在研究的进化过程
16、的地图)可知,Yack博士的团队没有创建一张地图来展示毛毛虫是如何进化的。故选B。3.What does the underlined word“They”in the fifth paragraph refer to?A.The ancient species.B.The chemical markers.C.The sound-producing structures.D.The more recently evolved species.【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据上文Those more ancient species actually donthave these sound-pr
17、oducing structures.(那些更古老的物种实际上没有这些产生声音的结构),可知,画线部分的意思是:它们有用来走向陌生人的腿,因此推断They指代“那些古老的物种”。故选A。4.What is the main idea of the text?A.How caterpillars evolved.B.How caterpillars warn strangers.C.Communication between caterpillars.D.Caterpillars warning signals evolved from walking.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的
18、Some caterpillars warningsignals may have evolved from walking.(一些毛毛虫的警告信号可能是从行走中进化出来的)以及下文对这个结论的研究的介绍可知,文章主要讲述的是毛毛虫的警告信号是从步行进化而来的。故选D。B(2021杭州高二检测)The human body is designed to move.But modern lifestyles and office jobsrarely give us the chance to move around.As we know,were sitting while wereeatin
19、g;we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV.And many of us sit formany hours at work.New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend yourlife by two years.Peter Katzmarzyk,a scientist at the University of Louisiana in thesouthern United States,says that sitting is ubiqu
20、itous in our lives,meaning it issomething we do all the time,everywhere.However,Mr Katzmarzyk says that does not mean you can sit for the rest ofyour waking hours.He also says you may exercise often,“We cant throw awayphysical activity.Its extremely important.We have 60 years of research showingus t
21、hat.”Mr Katzmarzyk and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchersstudying how sitting all day affects length of life.“Studies that have assessed therelationship between sitting and mortality(死亡率)or television viewing andmortality are very rare.Theres only been a few of them,actually
22、five or six now,in the last four or five years.”They found that cutting television time to less thantwo hours a day could add one point four years to life.Luckily,change is already coming to some offices,especially in the design ofdesks.A“standing desk”lets people stand while they work.Another new d
23、esign iscalled the“treadmill desk”.A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk inone place.Even some U.S.schools are beginning to experiment with desks that arepart bicycle to keep children moving.Thats one of the strategies that manycompanies are using now.Mr Katzmarzyk also says studying
24、 this problem has inspired his team to make afew changes in their own lives.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了现在的人们坐着的时间普遍较长,Mr Katzmarzyk和他的团队的研究坐一整天对人们生活的影响,人们因此也在探索在工作和学习中如何改变久坐的方式。5.The underlined word“ubiquitous”is closest in meaning to _.A.dangerous B.impressiveC.comfortableD.common【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据文中“.meanin
25、g it is something we do allthe time,everywhere.”可知我们几乎每时每刻都在坐着,因此该词的意思是“通常的”,所以选D。6.Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr Katzmarzyk?A.Sitting long may help people live longer.B.Exercise is important and dont sit too long.C.People are unaware of the harm of sitting too long.D.Stopping watching TV
26、 is a necessary but hard task.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He also says you may exerciseoften,We cant throw away physical activity.Its extremely important.”可知选项B的内容:锻炼是重要的,不要久坐,与之相符。故选B。7.What does Mr Katzmarzyk think of his study in Paragraph 4?A.Its been ignored by many scientists.B.Its a study that begin
27、s too late.C.Its an entirely new area of study.D.Its been a hot subject for scientists.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theres only been a few of them,actually five or six now,in the last four or five years.”,可知关于这一方面的研究还不多,只是近四五年来才开始研究,它被许多科学家忽视了,选A。8.Why are the desks of all kinds designed for those who sit mo
28、re?A.To give them more comfort.B.To improve their work efficiency.C.To offer them the chance to exercise.D.To seek pleasure while working.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段可知各种办公桌是专门为了那些一天到晚都坐着工作的人而设计的,是为他们提供锻炼的机会,选C。.阅读理解(2020潮州高二检测)If you find yourself hitting the snooze button(闹钟延时按钮)every morning,dont blame you
29、rself.Your work schedule could be to blame.Research now shows that,for many of us,our work schedules dont go withour natural body clocksand experts are urging employers to take notice.Sleep is a“strategic resource”that most companies are ignoring.When work schedules arealigned with peoples natural s
30、leep patterns,they produce higher quality and moreinnovative work because they are more focused,less stressed and generally healthier.The opposite is also truewhen employees are not getting enough sleep they aremore likely to make major mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries.But its not just ab
31、out the amount of sleep you get.Its important that peoplerecognize every living thing,from primitive bacteria to human beings,has abiologically determined internal body clock.This determines whether you are anight owl(夜猫子),an early bird or somewhere in the middle.We dont have anychoice.“Its like fee
32、t,”said Till Roenneberg,a professor of chronobiology(生物钟学).“Some people are born with big feet and some with small feet,but most people are somewhere in the middle.”Many companies start the workday at 8 a.m.or 9 a.m.,putting their workschedules in disagreement with their employees body clock.This mi
33、smatch,alongwith the pressure to be productive and be available to respond to email or take callsat all hours of the day and night,means that many people suffer from what is called“social jet lag”.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,早晨人们总是无法起床,这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一致,当二者一致的时候有利于工作生活,不一致的时候就会带来很多问题。1.The underlined word“aligne
34、d”in Paragraph 2 means“_”.A.matched B.cooperatedC.conflictedD.shortened【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本句后半句叙述可知,人们生产质量更高也更有创新性,更加专注,压力更少,也更健康了。只有工作安排和自然的睡眠模式一致的时候才会产生积极的影响,故“aligned”意为“相配”,故A项正确。2.What does Till Roennebergs remark mean?A.The amount of sleep you get counts much.B.An early bird does better than a nig
35、ht owl.C.We are born to have a body clock.D.Most people have neither too big nor too small feet.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Its like feet,”said TillRoenneberg,a professor of chronobiology.“Some people are born with big feet andsome with small feet,but most people are somewhere in the middle.”可知这位生物钟学教授认为
36、人的生物钟和人的脚一样,都是生来就拥有的。故C项正确。3.If people suffer from“social jet lag”,they will _.A.not be as clever as other peopleB.fail to finish their daily tasksC.fail to adjust their body clockD.act as if they were in the wrong time zone【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一句可知当工作时间与人们的生物钟不一致的时候,人们的工作就会出现很多错误,这就是所谓的“社会时差”,好像人们处于错误的
37、时区之内。故D项正确。4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Body clock and good work habitsB.Late for work?Maybe not your faultC.How to improve your work efficiencyD.Urgent need to change your body clock【解析】选B。标题归纳题。文章是一篇说明文,早晨人们总是无法起床,这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一致,文章详细叙述了这一问题。根据第一段“If you find yourself hitting the s
38、nooze button every morning,dont blameyourself.Your work schedule could be to blame.”可知,B项可以作为标题,而且问句可以引起读者的注意。文章并没有提到习惯和改变生物钟的内容,工作效率并非主要内容,故B项正确。.阅读填句根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Weather influences health,intelligence and feelings.1 In August,it is very hot and wet in the southern part
39、of the United States.2 In the northeast and the middle west,it is very hot at some times and verycold at other times.People in these states have more heart trouble after the weatherchanges in February or March.3 For example,in a recent report by scientists,IQ of a group of studentswas high when a ve
40、ry strong wind came,but after the strong wind,their IQ was10%lower.The wind can help people have higher intelligence.Very hot weather,onthe other hand,can make it lower.Students in many schools of the United Statesoften get worse on exams in the hot months of the year.Weather also has a strong influ
41、ence on peoples feelings.Winter may be a badtime for thin people.They usually feel cold during these months.They might feelunhappy during cold weather.4 Generally speaking,at about 18,people become stronger and better.Low air temperature may make people forgetful.People leave more bags on buses and
42、in shops in cold days.5 Sometimes,it may be the weathers problem.A.The weather can also influence intelligence.B.Warm weather can have a bad effect on health.C.So,different weather makes people feel different.D.But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer.E.Are you feeling sad,tired,forgetful,o
43、r unhappy today?F.People may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comes.G.People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during thismonth.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。天气能够对人们的感受产生影响。不同的天气,人们的感觉也不同。文章指出天气可以对人的健康、智力、心情等产生影响。1.【解析】选C。根据上文Weather influences health,intelligence and feeling
44、s.可知天气影响健康、智力和感情。由此可知,上文提到天气会影响人们的感情,所以不同的天气,人们的感觉也不同。故C选项“所以,不同的天气让人们感觉不同”符合语境,故选C。2.【解析】选G。根据上下文可知,8月,美国南部非常炎热潮湿。在东北和中西部,天气有时很热,有时很冷。这些州的人们在二月或三月天气变化后会更容易得心脏病。由此可知,后文提到了不同地区气候不同,人们心脏病发作和健康问题产生的情况也不同,那么本句承接上文说明八月南部炎热潮湿的气候,会导致那里的人们在这个月里产生心脏病和其他健康问题。上文中In August对应到G选项中this month。故G选项“在这个月里,那里的人们有心脏病和
45、其他健康问题”符合语境,故选G。3.【解析】选A。本句为本段中心句,根据后文可知在科学家最近的一份报告中,一组学生的智商在强风来袭时很高,但强风过后,他们的智商降低了10%。风可以帮助人们拥有更高的智力。另一方面,非常炎热的天气会使智力降低。美国许多学校的学生在一年中最热的月份,考试成绩往往更差。由此可知,本段主要说明了天气对智力也会有影响。故A选项“天气也会影响智力”符合语境,故选A。4.【解析】选D。根据上文可知天气对人们的情感也有很大的影响。冬天对瘦的人来说可能不是好时候。在这几个月里,他们通常感到寒冷。他们可能会在寒冷的天气中感到不开心。由此可知,上文提到了瘦的人不喜欢冬天,那么本句应当是说明胖的人不喜欢的天气。故D选项“但在炎热的夏天,胖子可能会很难受”符合语境,故选D。5.【解析】选E。根据后文Sometimes,it may be the weathers problem.可知,本句位于最后一段,有总结上文的作用,上文提到了天气会对人们的情感产生影响,所以如果你今天感到悲伤、疲惫、健忘或不开心,可能是天气的问题。故E选项“你今天感到悲伤、疲惫、健忘或不开心吗?”符合语境,故选E。
