1、十一 Unit 4 Using language【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.It is said that traditional schools are _(challenge)by alternative schools.2.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep)intoa pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,where it remained untilthe carrots leafy top accidentally
2、sprouted(生长)through it.challengedswept3.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them lookedvery anxious and _(disappoint).4.My task is _(clean)the classroom this afternoon.5.While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote),Henry did hisbest to perform his duty.6.For those with
3、family members far away,the personal computer and thephone are important in staying _(connect).7.The children will get _(confuse)if asked to learn too much at a time.disappointedto cleanpromotedconnectedconfused8.Please remain _(seat)until the plane has come to a complete stop.9.We got a little _(su
4、nburn),but the day had been so relaxing that wedidnt mind.10.The speech was so _(inspire)that they were all excited.seatedsunburntinspiring.选词填空1.I was very surprised to hear that he got badly _ in a motorcar accident.(injure,injured)2.Lucy was _ in ill-fitting mannish clothes;her hair was wet;her f
5、ace wasdirty.(dressed,dressing)3.The WHO chief says,“The performance of the Chinese people in fighting againstCOVID-19 is _.”(encouraged,encouraging)4.Combinatorial theory is widely regarded as the most _ branch ofmathematics.(delighted,delightful)injureddressedencouragingdelightful5.I find stamp co
6、llecting very _ and it takes my mind off my work.(relaxed,relaxing)6.Boss was _ to find that coffee was not ready.(annoyed,annoying)7.He added this explanation because of his wifes _ look.(puzzled,puzzling)8.The _ look in his face suggested that he hadnt been told the truthbefore.(surprised,surprisi
7、ng)relaxingannoyedpuzzledsurprised9.Its difficult to pump facts and figures into _ students.(tired,tiring)10.As the storm was approaching,the fishermen were _ by dangers ofthe most perilous nature.(threatened,threatening)tiredthreatened【主题阅读】.阅读理解 When 45-year-old Randy Pausch was diagnosed with pan
8、creatic(胰 腺的)cancer,he chose to focus on living rather than dying.As a computer scienceprofessor at Carnegie Mellon University,Pausch was asked to deliver a“last lecture”.This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom withstudents as if they were dying and had one last l
9、ecture to give.The only difference in Pauschs case is that Pausch really was dying,but it onlymotivated him more.He delivered his last lecture,“Really Achieving YourChildhood Dreams”on Sept.18,2007.Pausch began by sharing several of his boyhood dreams,some of which he hadachieved and the others he h
10、adnt.He described the importance of having dreamsand how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams,even if they dontalways succeed.He shared the values learned through experience,which he hopedto pass on to others hard work,laughter and gratitude,honesty,character.Pauschs last lectur
11、e received a great deal of praise and attention.It became acrazy YouTube hit,and in October 2007,he presented an abridged(删节的)versionon The Oprah Winfrey Show.He turned the lecture into a book by the same name,which quickly became a best-seller.Readers were deeply moved by the booksrepresentation of
12、 Pauschs lifelong philosophy and the way it revealed the biggestsource of his motivationhis three young children.Pausch passed away on July 25,2008,but his voice lives on in the recordedlecture and his book.He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to nevergive up our childhood dreamsa sourc
13、e of inspiration that can never run dry.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了身患胰腺癌的兰迪波许教授做最后的演讲,激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想。1.Why was Pausch asked to give his“last lecture”?A.To teach the students.B.To make him have a better head.C.To cure his cancer.D.To achieve his dream.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,波许被要求做一次最后的演讲是为了与学生们分享世俗的智慧,也就是为了教育学生们
14、,故A项正确。2.What was Pauschs lecture mainly about?A.His private life in boyhood.B.Having dreams and good values.C.The reason for his success.D.The experience learned from others.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知,波许在演讲中讲述了拥有梦想的重要性以及通过追求梦想学到的努力、诚实、乐观和感恩等,也就是说他的演讲主要是关于拥有梦想和良好的价值观,故B项正确。3.Which of the following motivat
15、ed Pausch most?A.His dreams.B.His children.C.His work.D.His students.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it revealed the biggest source ofhis motivationhis three young children”可知,波许的三个孩子给他的动力最大,故B项正确。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Keep on DreamingB.The Meaning of LifeC.Motivation from LifeD.Give the
16、Last Lecture【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据文章内容,特别是最后一段中的“Hecontinues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhooddreamsa source of inspiration that can never run dry.”可知,本文讲述了身患胰腺癌的波许教授做一次最后的演讲,激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想,故A项正确。【方法技巧】文章标题形式的主旨大意难度在于被选选项一定要具有高度的概括性,因此抓住主题句的关键词很重要,例如本篇第4题,根据最后一段中的“He contin
17、ues tomotivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreams”可知,本文讲述了身患胰腺癌的波许教授做一次最后的演讲激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想,因此文章标题一定要体现出坚持梦想,故A项(坚持梦想)最能概括出文章内容。.语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。By hand,he creates worlds 1._ castles fly in the sky and princesses protectthe Earth.Hayao Miyazaki is often
18、 called“Japans Walt Disney”and 2._(think)to be the worlds greatest living animator by many.On Nov.8 of 2014,the animation master was honored with a LifetimeAchievement Oscar at Governors Awards.The Governors Award has been 3._ annual event since 2009,and used to be part of the Academy Awardsceremony
19、.4._(produce)classics such as My Neighbor Totoro and theoscar-winning Spirited Away during his past five-decade career,Miyazaki 5._(win)the hearts of millions of people around the world.6._(fortune)for his fans,Miyazaki announced his retirement in 2013.Butthere is some good news.In an interview with
20、 The Associated Press,he said he planned to continue makinganimation 7._ he died.Miyazaki admitted that it would be 8._(challenge)for him to make long movies.But he is turning to animatedshorts instead.So what is the animation hes 9._(current)working on?Itsabout samurai(武士)in the 16th century,wearin
21、g full armor(盔甲),battling it outwith each other.Thats something 10._ Miyazaki fans to look forward to.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了常被称为“日本的华特迪士尼”,被许多人认为是世界上最伟大的在世动画师宫崎骏。1.【解析】where。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词worlds,且先行词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故填where。2.【解析】thought。考查动词时态语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据上文Hayao Miyazaki is often
22、called“Japans Walt Disney”and可知此处应填过去分词。故填thought。3.【解析】an。考查冠词。event为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且annual为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。4.【解析】Producing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知produce在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语Miyazaki构成主动关系,故应用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Producing。5.【解析】has won。考查动词时态。句意:在过去50年的职业生涯中,宫崎骏制作了龙猫和奥斯卡获奖影片千与千寻等经典影片,赢得了全世界数百万人的心。根据上文dur
23、ing his past five-decade career可知此处应用现在完成时,主语为Miyazaki,助动词用has。故填has won。6.【解析】Unfortunately。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unfortunately,作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unfortunately。7.【解析】until。考查连接词。句意:在接受美联社采访时,他说他计划继续制作动画直到去世。此处为时间状语从句,表示“直到”应用until。故填until。8.【解析】challenging。考查形容词。根据上文it would be可知,应填形容词challenging作表语,表示“挑
24、战的”。故填challenging。9.【解析】currently。考查副词。修饰后文动词work应用副词currently,表示“目前”。故填currently。10.【解析】for。考查介词。句意:对于宫崎骏迷们来说,这是他们所期待的。结合句意此处表示“对于”应用介词for。故填for。.完形填空(2021日照高二检测)For 28 seniors living in isolation(隔离)since March 17,2020,at the TresFigueiras home in Rio Grande in Brazil,Mothers Day came and went wit
25、hout anyvisitors.The loving staff noticed their 1 were at an all-time low.That wasbecause their friends and loved ones couldnt 2 them in person.But,the care home has 3 a creative solution,allowing seniors to connectwith their loved ones while still keeping them safe from 4.“We noticed that our senio
26、r residents were feeling 5,”Rubia Santos,thecare homes administrator told CNN.“We thought they would be much happier if wefound a way for them to 6 their relatives.”So they put their heads together and created the“hug tunnel”.Made of thick plastic sheeting,the hug tunnel has arm holes for 7 andresid
27、ents to wrap their arms around the person standing on the other 8.The plastic has arm holes at three different 9 to accommodate children andthose in 10.It gives people the opportunity to feel the 11 of human contact withoutrisking coming into 12 with the coronavirus.The 13 came from a video showing
28、a woman in the US hugging her motherusing a plastic curtain with arm enclosures(环绕)in the backyard.It is catching fire around the world,14 elderly folks with their loved onesin the most heartwarming way.Love is 15.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了巴西一家养老院搭建“拥抱通道”,帮助老人们解决新冠疫情期间由于缺乏亲人的关怀而引起的情绪低落问题。1.A.emotions B.pre
29、ssuresC.spiritsD.tempers【解析】选C。根据上文可知28位独居的老人在母亲节这天没有任何访客,所以情绪低落。表示“情绪低落”的短语为low spirits。故选C。2.A.interviewB.tendC.loveD.visit【解析】选D。句意:那是因为他们的朋友和亲人不能亲自去看望他们。根据上文可知老人因为没有朋友和亲人来拜访(visit)他们而情绪低落,故选D。3.A.put up withB.come up withC.caught up withD.kept up with【解析】选B。put up with忍受;come up with想出;caught up
30、 with入迷;kept upwith赶上。根据后文宾语a creative solution可知是“想出(come up with)”一个创造性的解决方案。故选B。4.A.infectionB.influenceC.damageD.embarrassment【解析】选A。句意:但是,养老院想出了一个创造性的解决方案,允许老年人与他们所爱的人联系,同时还能保证他们的安全,不被感染。根据第一段中For28 seniors living in isolation可知隔离就是为了不受到感染。故选A。5.A.anxiousB.gladC.sadD.regretful【解析】选C。句意:养老院的管理员R
31、ubia Santos告诉CNN:“我们注意到我们的老年居民都很难过。”根据第一段中were at an all-time low可知管理人员注意到老人们情绪低落,都很难过。故选C。6.A.accompanyB.patC.kissD.hug【解析】选D。句意:“我们认为,如果我们能找到办法让他们拥抱自己的亲人,他们会更开心。”根据后文So they put their heads together and created the“hugtunnel”.可知是想办法让老人和亲人拥抱。故选D。7.A.gardenersB.leadersC.visitorsD.travelers【解析】选C。句意:
32、拥抱隧道由厚的塑料薄膜制成,上面有手臂孔,访客和居民可以用手臂环绕站在另一边的人。根据后文and residents可知是指访客和居民可以拥抱彼此。故选C。8.A.end B.side C.edge D.hand【解析】选B。根据上文的描述,老人们的家人前来探视,他们和老人之间隔着一层塑料薄膜,薄膜两侧的人们可以隔着塑料薄膜拥抱,故选B。9.A.weightsB.heightsC.anglesD.degrees【解析】选B。句意:这种塑料臂上有三个不同高度的孔,以适应儿童和坐轮椅的人。根据后文accommodate children and those in可知为了适应不同人的身高,这种塑料臂
33、上有三个不同高度的孔。故选B。10.A.wheelchairsB.bedsC.carsD.prison【解析】选A。根据文章背景可知故事发生在养老院,最有可能是指坐在轮椅上的人,其他选项不符合语境。故选A。11.A.enthusiasmB.effectC.warmthD.courage【解析】选C。句意:它让人们有机会在不接触冠状病毒的情况下感受与人接触的温暖。根据后文of human contact可知是指感受与人接触的温暖。故选C。12.A.contactB.forceC.powerD.use【解析】选A。根据后文with the coronavirus可知是指接触冠状病毒,come in
34、tocontact with“接触”。故选A。13.A.projectB.ideaC.stepD.move【解析】选B。句意:这一想法来自一段视频,视频中,一位美国女子在后院中用带扶手的塑料帘子拥抱她的母亲。根据第二段中a creative solution可知本句是在解释“拥抱通道”这个想法的来源。故选B。14.A.combiningB.communicatingC.comfortingD.connecting【解 析】选 D。combining 结 合;communicating 交 流;comforting 安 慰;connecting连接。根据第二段中allowing seniors
35、to connect with their loved ones可知“拥抱通道”用最温暖的方式把老人和他们的亲人联系起来。故选D。15.A.bouncingB.rewardingC.sharpD.limitless【解析】选D。结合文章内容可知,即使是在隔离的情况下,人们也想出了“拥抱通道”的办法,来温暖彼此,说明爱是没有限制的。故选D。【补偿训练】(2021东营高二检测)Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning topredict when and where lightning will s
36、trike.Researchers report the system is able topredict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometerarea.Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere.Since it carries anextremely powerful electrical charge,it can be destructive and deadly.Europeanresearch
37、ers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed bylightning worldwide each year.For this reason,climate scientists have long sought todevelop methods to predict lightning.The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weatherstations and machine learning meth
38、ods.The researchers developed a predictionmodel that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to causelightning.The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swissweather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data,related to four main surfaceconditio
39、ns:air pressure,air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed,wasplaced into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法),which compared it torecords of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn theconditions under which lightning happens.The researchers test-ran the syste
40、m several times.They found that the systemmade predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time.“It can now beused anywhere,”the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with aEuropean effort that aim
41、s to create a lightning protection program.The effort iscalled the European Laser Lightning Rod project.Scientists working on the projectare experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightningactivity,transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.They hope thatsuch
42、technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes.Possibleuses could be at stations,airports or places where large crowds gather.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。1.Why was the system developed?A.To meet kids curiosity about lightning.B.To show the power of ligh
43、tning.C.To keep track of lightning deaths.D.To protect people from lightning.【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段可知,闪电具有破坏性而且是致命的,而且欧洲研究人员对每年因闪电死亡人数的估计,使得科学家们研发了这种系统,来保护人们免受闪电的伤害。故选D。2.What is special about the system?A.It was based on a number of samples worldwide.B.It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.C
44、.It used an effective method of collecting data.D.It required low cost of predicting lightning.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第四段可知,与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中,这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见,这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法。故选B。3.What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?A.Monitor lightning activity.B.Pre
45、vent the occurrence of lightning.C.Direct energy from lightning.D.Generate electricity with lightning.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段可知,参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术,控制和利用闪电能量,用作其他用途。故选C。4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.A System of Controlling LightningB.A Method of Forecasting LightningC.A Theory of Employing LightningD.A Model of Creating Lightning【解析】选B。标题归纳题。由第一段可知,科学家们表示,他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。这也就是一种预测闪电的方法,而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的,故选B。
