1、联想词语单词联想1undertake v许诺做某事；同意做某事2honour v给予荣誉3preserve v保护；保存preservation n保存；贮藏4existence n存在exist v存在5exposure n暴露；显露expose v使暴露6maintain v保持；维持；保养7recommend v建议8estimate n估计；估算9enlarge v(使)增大；(使)扩大10compromise n折中；妥协11absence n缺乏；没有absent adj.缺席的12guidance n指导，引导，咨询guide v指导13ignore v忽视；不理；不管ignor
2、ance n无知；不知道14contribute v促成；捐助；贡献contribution n捐助；贡献15assistance n帮助；援助assist v帮助；协助assistant n助手短语熟记1in return 反过来2be honored for 因而受到尊敬3contribute to 促进，有利于4at the moment目前，现在5agree on就达成协议6of vital importance 至关重要7apart from 除之外8go through获准，经过程序9remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事10at the mercy of.受支配句式重温
3、1They are a precious part of our cultural heritageit_is_of_vital_importance_that we do something.它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分因此我们采取行动就显得尤其重要。2Then there is a_ceremony_to_which the whole town is invited.然后有个邀请全镇的人参加的仪式。3The site is extremely expensive to_maintain and it will cost between three and five million
4、yuan to repair it.这个遗址保护起来是极其昂贵的，要花三百万至五百万元来修缮。4Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds,causing_serious_damage.有些地方几乎全部被杂草覆盖，造成严重破坏。5They have recommended that the site be_closed_and_repaired.该组织建议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。6They have suggested that the general public be_encouraged to help with the probl
5、em.A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be_established to raise money.他们建议鼓励公众来帮助解决这一问题。中科院的一位教授提议设立基金会来募集资金。突破重点第一版块：融会单词 1.mercy n仁慈；宽恕；怜悯(1)ask/beg for mercy 请求宽恕怜悯/同情/可怜某人at the mercy of 任由摆布(2)Its a mercy(that).幸运的是He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.他跪下来，乞求宽恕。Having l
6、ost engine power,the boats crew found themselves at the mercy of the wind.在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现他们只能任凭风力摆布了。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。即境活用完成句子The boat was out of control,completely _ the storm.船失控了，任凭暴风雨的摆布。答案 at the mercy of2preserve vt.保存，保留 n保护区preserve sb.from sth.保护某人免受preserve st
7、h.from 保护免受They were determined to preserve their leader from humiliation.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受侮辱。The wreck was preserved by the muddy sea bed.失事船只的残骸被泥泞的海床保护了起来。We should preserve our good traditional customs.我们应当保留好的传统习俗。【易混辨析】preserve,keep与reservepreserve侧重指为某人或某种用途保存、保藏。keep侧重于保持某种状态，更口语化。reserve主要指“保留
8、；储备”，以备以后所用。即境活用用preserve,keep，reserve的适当形式填空(1)You can _ meat or fish in salt.(2)She knows she must _ calm.(3)I advise you not to walk too fast;_ your strength for the climb.preserve keepreserve3ignore vt.不理睬，忽视ignorance n无知，不知ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的ignorantly adv.无知地，愚昧地be ignorant about/of对不了解，无知的He
9、 completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.他完全无视这一切，好像它们根本不存在似的。She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来，但装作没看到他。Never should we ignore traffic regulations.我们任何时候都不应忽视交通规则。【易混辨析】ignorant，illiterate，uneducated与unlearnedignorant指“缺乏一般知识的”或“缺乏某科学识的”。如：Hes not stupid，merely i
10、gnorant.他并不愚蠢，只是无知。illiterate指“文盲的，不能读或写的”。如：There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。uneducated指“未受过正规系统教育的”。如：He was uneducated.他未受过正规教育。unlearned指“无学问的，无文化的”。如：He was not unlearned in history.他对历史并非无知。即境活用翻译句子(1)她没理他，继续干她的活。(2)他对现代科技一无所知。答案(1)She ignored him and carried on
11、with her work.(2)Hes completely ignorant about modern technology.4contribute vi.捐献，捐赠(常与to连用)；增加；促进；作出贡献；投稿归纳拓展(1)contribute(.)to(将)捐献给，(为)作出贡献contribute to 对某事起促进作用，是原因之一(2)contribution n.捐款，捐助，投资；贡献make a contribution to 捐赠；作出贡献注意事项contribute to和make a contribution to中to为介词，后面加名词或动名词。【易混辨析】donate和
12、contribute(1)donate一般表示捐钱或献血。(2)contribute捐献的范围更广，指贡献财力、物力、智力等各个方面。即境活用完成句子(1)He _ the success of the project.他对工程的成功做出了积极的贡献。(2)Carelessness _ his failure.粗心造成了他的失败。(3)The government calls on the youth to _ voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。made a very positive contribution tocontributed todonate their blood5
13、recommend v推荐；介绍；建议归纳拓展recommendation n.介绍，推荐；推荐信，求职介绍信；建议，提议recommend doing sth.建议做某事recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事recommend sth.to sb.为某人推荐某物(strongly)recommend that/It is(strongly)recommended that.(强烈)建议从句用“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。即境活用完成句子(1)I wouldnt _ there alone.我劝你不要孤身一人到那里去。(2)Can you _
14、？你能为我推荐一本好词典吗？(3)Doctors strongly recommend that fathers _ at their babys birth.医生强烈建议孩子出生时父亲应该在场。recommend you to gorecommend a good dictionary to me(should)be promise n.妥协；和解；折衷 v.使遭受损害；妥协(1)reach/come to a compromise(between/on sth.)和解，达成妥协make a compromise with 与妥协by compromise 折衷(2)compromise o
15、nes principles/beliefs/ideas违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想compromise with sb.与某人和解compromise on sth.以折衷方法解决争论、争端等Talks are continuing in the hope that the two sides will reach a compromise.为了双方达成妥协，谈判在继续进行。Most important of all,it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.最重要的是，通过相互妥协相互协商来作决定总是明智
16、的。In my view,its wise of you to compromise with her.以我看来，你和她妥协是明智之举。We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。即境活用完成句子(1)Everybody has to be prepared to _.每个人都必须准备作出让步。(2)Talks continue in the hope that the two sides will _.谈判继续进行以期双方能达成妥协。(3)We had to _ on the point.我们只好就
17、这一点和他妥协。make compromisesreach a compromisecompromise with him第二版块：贯通短语1remind sb.of sth.使某人回想起或意识到The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。Remind me to write to mother.提醒我给妈妈写信。Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人，使某人想起
18、remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人去做某事remind sb.that从句 提醒某人remind sb.when/how/what.提醒即境活用翻译句子(1)谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？(2)他的话语让我想起了假期我们一起做的事情。(3)他提醒我晚上准时去听演讲。答案(1)Can someone remind me what I should do next？(2)His words remind me of what we did together during the holiday.(3)He reminds me to attend the lecture on time
19、this evening.2apart from 除之外；此外We had a pleasant time,apart from the weather.我们玩得很高兴，可就是天气不好。Apart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。特别提示apart frombesides 除之外还有apart fromexcept/but 除之外别无apart fromexcept for 此外，除了Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit m
20、e.相当于besides姑且不计价格，这件衣服也不适合我穿。Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.相当于but/except除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.相当于except for除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。即境活用完成句子(1)_ the regular housing,almost every tribe had some style of housing.除了普通住房外，几乎每一个部落都有某种建筑样式。(2)_ his
21、schoolwork,he takes interest in anything.除了学校作业之外，他对任何事都感兴趣。Apart fromApart from第三版块：突破句式1Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds,causing serious damage.有些地方几乎全部被杂草覆盖，造成严重破坏。causing serious damage是现在分词作结果状语。分词作结果状语，表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后，与句子的主干之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，往往带有必然性。它须放在句子之后，用逗号隔开。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区
22、别：现在分词作结果状语时，表示的是自然而然或顺理成章的结果，即：有了A这一情况必然会产生B这一结果；而不定式作结果状语时，用来表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。This kind of fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones.这种鱼能在两分钟吃掉一个人，只留下一堆骨头。Many trees were blown down,blocking the roads.很多树被大风刮倒了，阻塞了道路。(树被刮倒，倒在路上，必定阻塞道路。有了A就必定会产生B。He hurried to the station only to
23、be told the train had already left.他匆忙赶往车站，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。(火车开走是他所没有想到的、不愿意看到的结果。)即境活用语法填空(1)He hurried to school without breakfast,only _(find)it was Sunday.(2)He picked up a big stone,only _(drop)it on his own feet.(3)His parents died in the accident when he was only five,_(leave)him an orphan.(4)C
24、ells either divide too fast or at the wrong time,_(make)it difficult for the body to function properly.to findto dropleavingmaking2The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.这个遗址保护起来是极其昂贵的，要花三至五百万元来修缮。本句中不定式to maintain主动形式表示被动意义。常见的主
25、动表示被动句型归纳：(1)不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。如：I have much work to do.我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系)(2)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语系动词形容词不定式；动词宾语形容词不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如：difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。如：The work is easy to do.这项工
26、作很好做。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我觉得这车坐着很舒服。(3)need,want,require(要求，需要),deserve(应得，值得)，be worth(值得)，后面接doing，主动表被动。如：My hair needs washing.我的头发该洗了。(4)系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)，prove(证明是)，feel(摸上去感到)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等，如：Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。G
27、ood medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。(5)一些与cant(不能)或wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有：lock(锁住)，shut(关上)，open(打开)，act(上演)，write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等，用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。如：The door wont open.这门打不开。(6)一些动词如sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，burn(燃烧)，cook(煮)等与副词如well(好)，easily(容易地)，perfectly(十分地)等连用，描述事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语动词副词。如：The book sells well.这本书很畅销。即境活用翻译句子(1)约翰在找一间住的房间。(2)这个问题很难回答。(3)你应因这事受责备。(4)这些衣服很容易洗。答案(1)John is looking for a room to live in.(2)The question is difficult to answer.(3)You are to blame for the accident.(4)These clothes wash easily.
