1、四川都江堰市2016高考英语短文改错二轮讲解及练习（4）及答案知识点二：句法型错误句法型错误包括：主谓一致；各种从句的引导词；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。 1.主谓一致：对主谓一致的考查主要根据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和数是否与主语保持一致。常考点如下： (1)由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则； (2)当主语是A with/together with/as well as/including/.B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，遵循就远原则； (3
2、)动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数； (4)“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致； (5)a quantity of/quantities of后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。 (1)(2014四川)Today，I am going to talk with (about) what you should do when a fire alarm go off. 解析该句的主语为a fire alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单
3、数形式。 答案gogoes 2.连接词：连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。 (2)People would like to take part in this contest should go to the office of the Students Union and sign up. 解析定语从句缺少引导词。此句中的引导词who或that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 答案People后加who或that 3.句子成分赘
4、余：句子成分赘余一般有如下几种类型：(1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如much，more，often等的多余；(8)小品词to多余等。 (3)(2014四川)If you notice that when someone is missing and (or) hurt，tell your teacher immediately. 解析该句的意思是“若发现有人失踪或受伤了，就要立刻告诉老师”。句中的if引导条件状语从句，when多余。 答
5、案去掉when 4.缺词错误：缺词现象常见的有：(1)缺系动词；(2)缺介词；(3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；(4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；(5)缺连接词；(6)缺否定词；(7)缺不定式符号to等。 (4)(2014陕西)He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees. 解析want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。 答案wanted后加to 知识点三：语篇型错误语篇型错误测试包括：上下文中时态是否一致；上下文中代词是否一致；上下文中逻辑是否一致；上下文中词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。 (1)(2014浙江)I was ta
6、king a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise (noisy) and filled with people. 解析考查时态。此处只是对过去事实的描述，故用一般过去时。 答案去掉had (2)(2014浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching ( for) the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. 解析此处
7、的owner指的是车票的所有者，所以应该用its。此外，还可将his改为the表示特指。 答案hisits (3)(2014新课标全国)As ( a) result，the plants are growing somewhere. 解析根据语境可知，到处都是圣女果，因此把somewhere改为everywhere。 答案somewhereeverywhere 易错点：1. 平行结构中的错误(1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. 解析根据句意，此处为转折关系。 答案andbut (2)(2014新课标全国)We can
8、lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening ( to) music. 解析此处有并列连词or，其后的动词与lie是平行结构，故该动词的形式应与lie保持一致。 答案satsit (3)(2014大纲全国)The understanding between two friends mean (means) both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 解析此处的trust和前面的have并列，应用动词原形。 答案trustingtrust 2. 从句与并列句的
9、错误(1) I told Mother，Father，Sister，all my friends here what a great time I had. 解析all前加and，表示并列关系。 答案all前加and (2) This would save the life of many animals，some of them have almost died out. 答案themwhich 注意：句子与句子之间的逗号只起间隔作用，不能连接句子，所以要注意从句与并列句的辨别。 遇到此类题目，观察逗号后面有无连词，没有的话，添加适当的连词，或者把其中一句变为从句。 3. 动词时态与语态的错
10、误(2014新课标全国)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music. 解析此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。根据上下文及此处lie所用的动词时态形式可知，应把过去式的sat改为一般现在时sit。 答案satsit If the book you will want is out，you may ask for it to be called back for you. 答案去掉will 短文改错做题技巧 要想在高考英语中做好短文改错，按照“四步走”，实施“四查法”可有效减少不必要的失误。具体
11、做法如下： 一、“四步走” 1.通读全文，了解大意 注意语篇结构和行文逻辑，不能在未了解大意的情况下就按部就班地一行一行地改。 2.先易后难，缩小范围 通读短文的过程中，可以把其中明显的错误找出来，这样就缩小了范围，为下一步的分析判断提供更充分的依据，也能把注意力集中在较难判断的句子上。 3.把握句意，逐句判断 逐句扫描，各个击破。为了使每行长度相差不大，往往一个句子分成两行或三行，而一个句子是否有错只有看完整个句子，甚至还要瞻前顾后才能判断出错误之处。所以在通读全文时，要以句子为最小单位，千万别以行为单位。请记住下面的口诀： 动词形，名词数，注意形和副； 非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住； 句
12、子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。 4.反复通读，复查验证 在大部分错误都改正之后，如果还有拿不准的，应当再次通读短文，利用语感做最后判断；也可以根据此类题的特点，运用错误类型的比例来定夺。错词一般有78个，多词和缺词约有23处。 二、“四查法” 1.左顾右盼查名词 要注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误。看该名词前是否缺限定词，该用何种限定词。尤其要查冠词的使用情况。碰到代词要弄清它代替什么。当名词前有形容词时更要加倍注意。如：Catherine，to whom you can turn for help, has good knowledge of Greek.(knowledge为不可数名词，
13、在has之后加上不定冠词a) 2.“语”“时”俱进查动词 认真分析动词所用的时态、语态。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，“语”“时”俱进地反复推敲。如：Martin gained so much confidence that he goes back to school.(goes改为went) 3.启承转合查连词 为使短文结构严谨，短文中往往会出现好多连词。这些连词的使用，在结构和意义上都要通顺流畅，恰如其分。如：It started to rise higher again.So it was still too close to the water. (So改为But) 4.文通理顺
14、查逻辑 文通即行文合乎英语词法、句法；理顺指行文逻辑符合人们的认知规律，即符合常理。如：The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.(第二个up改为down) （全国II）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在答题卡该行右边横线上画一个勾（J）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：在答题卡短文上把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在答题卡该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
15、此行缺一个词：在答题卡短文的缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在答题卡该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在答题卡短文错的词下划一横线，并在答题卡该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。 George,Its been a week after we left your family and we are now 76._back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 77._your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 78._we said
16、goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C., 79._where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond 80._of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 81_another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 82._work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It 83_was
17、 really a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to 84._our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._Yours,Mike76.after-since 77.them-us 78.for-with 79.正确 80.去掉much 81.staying-stay 82.day-days 83.fly-flew 84.trip前a 85.better-more短文改错。We all know that healthy is very impor
18、tant to us. Both1._study and work depend by strong bodies. Doing sports2._and games helps us keep strong and healthy. If we do not3._take any exercise, we may feel tired but get sick easily.4._Theres many different kinds of sports we can do them，5._such as playing ball games, running, walking and sw
19、im.6._However, now we have too much homework to do in7._every day. We hope that well be giving less homework8._and have more time take part in sports. We also hope9._that our school can hold a sports meeting every term. 10._答案与解析：1healthyhealth这里是句子的主语，因此用名词形式。2byon/upondepend on/upon是固定搭配。3helphelp
20、s这句话的主语是动名词短语doing sports and games。动名词短语作主语表示一件事时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4butandfeel tired和get sick是并列关系，不表示转折，因此将but改为and。5去掉them这是一个定语从句，从句中作动词do的宾语的关系代词that(或which)被省略了，因此them是多余的。6swimswimming应用动名词与前面的running，walking并列，故应用swimming。7去掉inevery day可以单独作状语，前面不需要加介词。8givinggiven这里是被动语态，因此用过去分词。9take前加to此处考查的
21、是have time to do sth.的结构。10(2013宝鸡市三模)Jack has regarded as a young hero in his town for his heroic deed. The other day, Jack was going home by bike as usual while he heard a woman screaming for help. Then he was riding quickly towards the direction of the voice. At the corner, he saw a woman stoppin
22、g by a man with a knife in her hand. Without hesitation, Jack made a immediate dive for the robber and controlled him by held him down against the ground. A few minutes later, three policeman came and took the robber away. Slight wounded as he was in the left hand, but since then he has become well
23、known as a young hero all over the town.【参考答案】：Jack has regarded as a young hero in his town for his heroic deed. The other day, Jack was going home by bike as usual he heard a woman screaming for help. Then he was riding quickly the direction of the voice. At the corner, he saw a woman by a man with a knife in hand. Without hesitation, Jack made immediate dive for the robber and controlled him by him down against the ground. A few minutes later, three came and took the robber away. wounded as he was in the left hand, since then he has become well known as a young hero all over the town.
