1、单项填空 第14课时特殊句式一 1.Was it on a lonely island _ he wassaved one month after the boat went down?(2011四川卷)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.whatB 考查强调句。此处为强调句的一般疑问句。强调句的一般疑问句构成是:is/was it 被强调部分that其他部分。该句可以还原为一个陈述句:He was saved on a lonely island onemonth after the boat went down.句意:他是不是在船沉没后一个月,在那座孤岛上被救起的?思路点拨 2.I
2、f you have a job,_ yourself to it andfinally youll succeed.(2010四川卷)A.do devoteB.dont devoteC.devotingD.not devotingA 考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句and将来时句子”的固定搭配。句意为:“如果你有了一份工作,付出努力去做它,最后你定能成功。”思路点拨 Is _ three hours _ the boy_ family is poor to come to school on foot?A.it;that;whoseB.it;that it takes;whoseC.it for
3、;that it takes;whoseD.it;when;that强调句型【考点1】强调句型的基本结构B 这是一个强调句,强调作宾语的时间名词three hours,the boy后接一个定语从句,whose作定语修饰family。句意:那位家境贫寒的男孩花了3个小时徒步来到学校吗?强调句型的基本结构是:It be 被强调部分 that(who)。强调句的一般疑问句形式为:Is(Was)被强调部分that/who?强 调 句 的 特 殊 疑 问 句 形 式 为:Who/When/Where/Why is(was)it that?强调句若以特殊疑问句形式出现,很容易误解。比较:Why is i
4、t that he cant come?他为什么不能来?What is it that he wants to buy?他想要买什么?以上两句可视为由以下陈述句转换而来:It is because he is ill that he cant come.It is a computer that he wants to buy.当强调人时,可用who代替其中的that,当强调时间和地点时,不能用when和where代替that。【考点2】not until用于强调句It was not until _ that I knew the truth.(2011四川成都外国语学校高三月考卷)A.yo
5、u told meB.did you tell meC.had you told meD.you have told meA 该句强调了not until you told me。在强调not until句型时要将not 与until放在一起,并且语序不变的。其基本形式为It is(was)not until that。如:It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.My father and my mother have been marriedfor 30 years,and never once _ with eachother.(2
6、011福建省三明二中高三二模卷)A.have they quarreledB.they have quarreledC.did they quarrelD.had they quarreled倒装句【考点1】部分倒装A 表否定意义的副词放于句首时后引起部分倒装。即:否定意义副词助动词主语动词。The computer was used in teaching.As aresult,not only_,but students becamemore interested in the lessons.A.saved was teachers energyB.was teachers energy
7、 savedC.teachers energy was savedD.was saved teachers energyB 解答该题的关键是要能够识别由并列连接词not onlybut(also)所引导的句子结构。根据语法规则,由并列连词not onlybut(also)连接的两个分句,not only引导的这个分句应该用部分倒装结构,后一个分句不用倒装结构。D项为完全倒装结构。部分否定即将主语与助动词倒置,其结构与疑问句大致相同。构成部分倒装的主要情形有:1.含否定意义的词(如:never,hardly,seldom,little,few,not until,not,not only,no
8、sooner,not asingle,no longer,nowhere,by no means,at notime,neither,nor等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。2.so表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物时,意为“也一样”,用“so助动词主语”这样的倒装句式。若讲述的情况属于同一个人或物时,意为“的确如此”,主谓不倒装。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓语,另一个省略的倒装结构要用“So itis/was with sb./sth.”或“It is/was the same withsb./sth.”来表示。3.only加状语(即:only副词/介词短语/状语从句等)放在
9、句首时,其后用部分倒装。4.当虚拟条件句含有were,should,had时,可省略if,将were,should,had置句首。5.so/such that结构中,将so/such 置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。【考点2】完全倒装Out _,still discussing the fashionshow with great interest.(2011江苏南京金陵中学高三模拟卷)A.walked a crowd of young girlsB.did a crowd of young girls walkC.were walking a crowd of young girlsD.a c
10、rowd of young girls were walkingA 方位副词out 放于句首,后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。完全倒装即将谓语移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有:1.以now,then,here,there,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词,则不用倒装。2.将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时,其后通常用倒装语序。【考点3】另类倒装 That boy enjoys drawing very much._,I have never seen anyone else who i
11、sas enthusiastic about drawing as he is.A.As long as I have traveledB.Traveled so much as I haveC.As I have traveled so muchD.Much as I have traveledD as引导的让步状语从句中,可将副词提前至句首。1.as引导的让步状语从句中,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。若提前的表语是名词,一般不用冠词。2.当such用作表语时,通常采用倒装语序。3.有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。It sounds like som
12、ething is wrong with thecars engine._,wed better take it to thegarage immediately.(2011江苏卷)A.OtherwiseB.If notC.But for thatD.If so省略句D if so if it is so。it代指It sounds likesomething is wrong with the cars engine.这件事。Will he fail in the exam?_.A.Dont hope toB.Lets hope notC.Not hope soD.Lets hope not
13、 toB 考查用so,not省略前面提到的事,表肯定与否定。so可代替单词、词组、句子,作believe,do,expect,guess,hope,fear,imagine,suppose,think等词的宾语;not代替否定的句子,用法与so相似。根据句意“(让)我们希望他考试不要失败”和语法规则,为了不重复别人的话,表示否定意义时,hope只用(I)hope not的形式。1.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略,同时将从句的谓语动词变成分词形式。2.在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,谓语是b
14、e动词时,从句的主语、谓语可省略。如when/if necessary。3.当句子的谓语部分省略时,若只用代词代替句子,则用代词的宾格形式。4.当省略不定式的内容时,则须保留小品词to。it指代时间时,有如下一些句型:(1)It is(about/high)timefor sth.(for sb.)to do sth.that从句(should do/did,必须用虚拟语气)(2)It is/has been some time since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。)it 的特殊用法【考点1】it 的指代作用(3)It/This is the first/sec
15、ondtimethat从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第次做了某事)(4)It was 时间点when从句(5)It was/will be some timebefore从句it 的特殊用法【考点1】it 的指代作用代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语;由于在翻译时,汉语习惯上会加上“这、那”之意,所以常见的干扰项就是this 和that。1.it 代替动词不定式或动名词充当句子的形式主语:(1)为平衡句子,通常把不定式作主语改为it 作形式主语,即:Its adj./n.for sb.to do sth.常见形容词:easy,difficult,convenient,possib
16、le 等。It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.【考点2】it 作形式主语Its adj.of sb.to do sth.常见形容词:kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,honest,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,thoughtful,rude,silly,impolite等表示某人的品行的词语。It is honest of the boy to tell the truth.(2)It is no use/no good/useles
17、s/senseless doing sth.【考点2】it 作形式主语2.it 代替整个句子,放在句首充当形式主语:(1)It is adj./n.that从句(2)It is ved that从句常 见 过 去 分 词:said,reported,known,expected,thought,believed,considered,suggested等。当表示命令、建议、坚持、忠告等意义时,从句要用虚拟语气(should)do。【考点2】it 作形式主语(3)It doesnt matter/makes no difference特殊疑问词/whether引导的从句(4)It seems/a
18、ppearsthat从句:似乎/好像(5)It happensthat从句:碰巧,恰巧【考点2】it 作形式主语代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。1.主语think/consider/find/feel/believe/regard/make itadj./n.(for sb.)to do.2.主语think/consider/find/feel it no good/use doing sth.【考点3】it 作形式宾语3.主语believe/imagine/think/consider/find/feel/make/regard/it adj./n.that从句4.主语hate/dislike/love/like it when从句(表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶)5.主语appreciate it if从句6.主语see to/answer for itthat从句(确保)主语depend on it that从句(指望,确信)【考点3】it 作形式宾语注意:4、5、6为特殊句型:用it 代替其后的整个句子,it等于整个句子,但不能省略。【考点3】it 作形式宾语