1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语语法点拨短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。短语类型组成功能名词短语1.(限定词)(形容词，形容词短语，描述性名词)名词(介词短语)2名词介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句等在句中当作名词使用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语形容词短语(副词)形容词(介词短语)在句中作形容词用，修饰名词或代词，还可用作表语或宾语补足语副词短语(副词)副词在句中作副词用，修饰动词、形容词或副词a long riversome nice booksthe capit
2、al city of Chinaso cleverreally gladstrong enougha bit boredvery fastquite earlyrather surprisingly一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。I really need a new computer.我的确需要台新电脑。I have three close friends.我有三位密友。1结构：(限定词)(形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词)名词(介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句)。The beautiful girl组成：限定词形容词中心名词(gir
3、l)The beautiful girl in red jacket组成：限定词形容词中心名词(girl)介词短语The beautiful girl wearing/dressed in a red jacket组成：限定词形容词中心名词(girl)分词短语(dressed是形容词化的过去分词，因此这里的dressed in也可理解为形容词短语)The beautiful girl who is wearing/who is dressed in a red jacket组成：限定词形容词中心名词(girl)定语从句名师点津名词短语结构中的限定词：冠词a，an，the指示代词this，tha
4、t，these，those等物主代词my，your，his，her，our，their等不定代词some，no，neither，both等2.功能：在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。These interesting books are for you.(主语)这些有趣的书是给你买的。He is my old friend.(表语)他是我的老朋友。He had a big dinner.(宾语)他吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。We call him a great hero.(宾语补足语)我们称他为伟大的英雄。即学即练请用下划线标出下列句中的名词短语What a kind man
5、he is!He bought his girlfriend some flowers .He wants to buy a new bike (一辆新自行车) The boys in blue (穿蓝色衣服的男孩子们) are all his classmates.She lives in the house behind the shop (商店后面的房子)They will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow (明天要举行的会议)二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)指以一个形容词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。1结构：
6、(副词)形容词(介词短语)The room was awfully dirty.这房间太脏了。It is very hot today.今天天气很热。The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。2功能：在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。You have a small but beautiful room.(定语)你有一个漂亮的小房间。I think your answer correct and proper.(宾语补足语)我认为你的答案是正确的并且是恰当的。He is young and clever.(表语)他年轻而且聪明。
7、即学即练请用下划线标出下列语段中的形容词短语Last week，I had a very important quiz in English class.It was so hard for me to answer these questions.I was too worried to tell my mom about my failure in the quiz，wondering that she would be really angry with me.Anyway，she knew I had tried my best and encouraged me to do bett
8、er next time.完成句子Its very cold (非常寒冷的) in winter.The bench is long enough (足够长的) to sleep on.He took a case full of clothes (装满衣服的) with him.三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)指以一个副词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。1结构：(副词)副词I tried again and again.我试了一遍又一遍。He runs extremely fast.他跑得快极了。2功能：在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。She ty
9、pes quickly and correctly.(修饰动词)她打字快且准确。即学即练写出下划线处的短语类型We should not speak so loudly in our school library.(副词短语/AdvP)(名词短语/NP)You speak English very well.(副词短语/AdvP)用副词短语翻译句子他说话太快了。 He spoke too fast. 他工作比我努力得多。 He works much harder than me. 专项练习.请标出下列句中画线短语类型的简称1Are you ？2It sounds .3He plays .4Th
10、ere are on .5.， he prefers to do .翻译下列句子，注意使用提示短语1听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。(AdjP) Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 2汤姆爬山很慢。(AdvP) Tom climbed the mountain quite slowly. 3怀抱婴儿的妇女是我的姐姐。(NP) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 4他看上去相当英俊潇洒。(AdjP) He looks quite handsome. 5我相信他是个足球迷。(NP) I bel
11、ieve that he is a football fan. .标出下面文章中的名词/形容词/副词短语并判断它们的句法特征I decided to take a gap year after senior year.After the year, I was quite completely ready for college.I remembered that there were many adventures to explore and many people and places to discover.It was really meaningful for me to be a
12、ble to communicate with people on different views and values.I met people in my gap year that now inspires me to be a better person, and not to stop adventuring.答案：I decided to take after . After ， I was . I remembered that there were to explore and to discover. It was to be able to communicate with people on . I met people in that now inspires me to be ， and not to stop adventuring.
