1、2014-2015学年高中英语【云南】同步教案:Unit4(共5课时)(人教新课标必修3)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriod 1 and 2: Warming up and readingI. Warming up: Lead-inGood morning, class! Today, w are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. Before we read the text, lets turn to page 97 and get familia
2、rized with the vocabulary first. Pay attention to the making of the word. Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:Venus is next to Mercury.Earth is the third planet.Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.Neptune is the furthest plane
3、t from the sun.Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.Mercury is closest to the sun.II. Pre-reading1. Looking and sayingHave you ever wondered how the universe began? Well Im sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet. I will be giving y
4、ou my theory on this subject. Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.科学家透露:宇宙可能有两个我们的宇宙和一个隐藏的宇宙共同镶嵌在五维空间中。在我们的宇宙早期,这两个宇宙发生了一次相撞事故,相撞产生的能量生成了我们宇宙中的物质和能量。 2. Talking and sharingDo you know how the universe began?In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observ
5、ed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope. He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable) discoveries. First, Hubble figured out that the Milky Way isnt the only galaxy. He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the night sky are actually other galaxies far, far away. The Milky Way is j
6、ust one of billions of galaxies. Second, Hubble discovered that the galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In other words, the universe is expanding. The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time. A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lematre used Hubbles
7、amazing discoveries to suggest an answer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?” III. Reading1. Listening and reading aloudNow please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud. Pay attention to how the native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each
8、 sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHa cloud
9、of energetic dust具有能量的尘埃, combine into合成, move around the sun环绕太阳运转, become violent变得激烈, the solid surface固体表面, explode loudly猛烈爆炸, in time及时,最终, produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽, make the earths atmosphere构成了地球的大气层, cool down冷却, on the surface在表面, be different from与不同, go round the sun环绕太阳运转, disappear
10、 from从消失, stay on存留在, show ones quality显现某人的特性, dissolve harmful gases分解,溶解有害气体, become part of变成的一部分, develop life发展生命, grow in the water在水里生长, fill with用来填充,充满了, encourage the development of鼓励的发展, millions of years later几万年以后, live on land在陆地上生活, live in the sea在海里生存, grow into forests长成森林, produc
11、e young生出幼仔, lay eggs下蛋, animals with hands and feet长着手脚的动物, spread all over the earth遍布全世界, develop new methods发展了新的方法, grow food种植, move around迁徙, go by过去,推移, take care of在意,照看好, putinto把带入,放入, preventfrom防止做, escape from into从逃离到, become hot变热, depend on.依靠,依赖,取决与, solve a problem解决一个问题3. Reading
12、 and transferring informationRead the passage carefully and analyze its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.Main BodyParagraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universeParagraph 2: The formation of the earthParagraph 3: The importance of water for lifeParagra
13、ph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earthParagraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth4. Reading and understanding difficult sentences Skim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph. You may put your hand up if you have any questions. Notes to
14、some difficult sentences1. After the “Big Bang ” the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.随着“轰隆”一声巨响,地球就成为一个云团,充满着具有能量的尘埃。Big Bang(big-bang cosmology) 大爆炸宇宙学。2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen water vapour and other gases, which were t
15、o make the earths atmosphere. 它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早;最后。Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。in time(for sth/ to do sth) : not late 及时;不迟。She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。in/out of time: in/not in the correct ti
16、me 合/不合节怕。The audience clapped in time to the music. 观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。(sth)be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们彼此说了再见,几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。She is to be honored for this great work. 她(一定)会因这部著作而获得荣誉
17、。Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.” 克拉克先生对他的女儿说:“你必须在10点之前到家。”3. allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 它使地球把有害气体溶解在海洋里。allow to do 允许某人做某事。如:Her parents wont allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening.
18、 她父母不允许她晚上在外逗留超过11点。Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement. 请允许我解释,我事先不知道他的安排。但要注意:“准许做某事”应当是allow doing 不是allow to do。如:They shouldnt allow parking in this street. Its too narrow. 他们不应该允许在这条街上停车,街道太窄了。Walking on the grass is not allowed. 不许踩踏草坪。4. which encour
19、aged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的后期发育进一步创造了条件。encourage 鼓励;促进;怂恿Father encouraged him to study physics but he prefers maths.父亲鼓励他学物理,但他更喜欢数学。He encouraged me to learn dancing. 他鼓励我去学跳舞。名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示:1)行为,例如:argument, betterment, development, trea
20、tment.2)结果,例如:arrangement, statement, settlement.3) 工具,例如:instrument, pavement.5. They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。by doing 用于说明做某事的手段,方式。如:I dont think she can help him by just giving him money. 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。He used to make his living by painting. 他以前是靠画画为生。6.They are
21、 putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent from doing 阻止某人做某事。如:His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day. 他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。Nothing can prevent their pla
22、ns (from) being carried out. 什么也不能阻止他们的计划得以实施。7. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 因此在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(sth) depend on (sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are
23、 right for it 取决于;决定于。如:“Will you go fishing this afternoon?” “Well, it all depends on the weather.” “你今天下午去钓鱼吗?” “得看天气。”for millions of years to come 中不定式to come作定语,与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,例如:She is the last person to do such a thing. 她是最不像做这种事的人。5. Reading and translatingAs you have read the text times,
24、 you can surely put it into Chinese. IV. Closing downClosing down by doing exercisesTo end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 27. Closing down by having a discussionHow Did the Universe Begin?There are only three possible answers to this question. 1It was created b
25、y something larger than itself since the first law of thermodynamics(热力学) says that energy cannot be created, only changed.The universe had to be created by something outside itself, because of the same law. We also know that man could not have created it. 2It was begun by chance (or accident); or3T
26、he answer is not sure.Shown this way, the question is:Additional MaterialsComplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHAfter the “Big Bang” came a 1 of energetic dust, the earth. Dust combined into a ball, moving 2 the sun. The earth became violent. Then i
27、t 3 loudly. In time, the water vapor was produced, making the earths atmosphere 4 down. Water then appeared on the 5 . The earth was to be different from other planets going round the 6 . Water disappeared from other planets. But it stayed on 7 . Small plants began developing 8 the water.Years later
28、 green plants came into 9 . The air then was 10 with oxygen.Millions of years later, small 11 animals were found to be living on the 12 , in the sea. They spread all over the earth, moving 13 the earth, putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which 14 heat from escaping from earth into s
29、pace. In the end the earth may become too hot to live 15 .(Keys: 1. cloud 2. around 3. exploded 4. cool 5. surface 6. sun 7. earth 8. in 9. being 10. filled 11. clever 12. land 13. around 14. prevents 15. upon)Comprehension questions1. What forms the earths atmosphere?A. Carbon dioxide, oxygen. B. C
30、arbon dioxide, oxygen, poisonous gas.C. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen. D. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases.2. Can you tell what is the “special qualities” of the earth according to the passage?A. The earth goes around the sun. B. The earth was solid sha
31、pe which was last.C. There are animals and human beings live on it. D. Water remains on the surface of the earth.3. What kind of factor improve the progress of life?A. Water forms on the earths surface. B. Green plants began to appear on land.C. The air is full of carbon dioxide. D. Animals began to
32、 appear such as insects, amphibians, est.4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. It tells us how does life begin to appear on the earth. B. It tells us why does green plants grow before animals.C. It tells us water plays an important role in the development of life. D. D. It tells us carbon diox
33、ide is the reason why living beings will die in the future,5. The author infers us that if we want to the life continue on the earth, what should we do?A. We should produce more carbon dioxide to cause global warming.B. We should solve the problem of global warming as soon as possible.C. We should b
34、ear less people and think about a new way to grow more crops.D. We should be worthy of water.(Key: DDBAB)Period 3 Learning about languageStep I Revision1. Check retelling of the passage2. Translate the following sentences.a. 你迟早会成功的.b. 我的车与你的不一样.c. 站在门旁边的那个人是谁?d. 他总是第一个来,最后一个走.e. 既然你已经长大了,你自己决定吧. Su
35、ggested answers:a. You will succeed in time.b. My car is different from yours.c. Who is the person standing by the door?d. He is always the first to come and the last to go.e. Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.Step Word study This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in th
36、is unit. Ask the students to do the exercises individually.a. Page 28. First let students finish part 1,2b. Check the answers with the whole class.c. Give students 3minutes to finish part 3.d. Let the students read part 4 for a while and finish it.e. Check the answers.Step Preparation Show some sent
37、ences on the blackboard.a. A tree has fallen across the road.b. You are a student.c. To find your way can be a problem.d. Smoking is bad for you.e. “How do you do?” is a greeting.f. What she said is not yet known. g. That we shall be late is certain.h. Its certain that we shall be late .T: What part
38、 does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.Step Grammar1. Give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage. The collect answers from the class.2. Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause. Guide the Ss to find out what change
39、s we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause. Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences.3. Turn to page 64, finish the eight sentences in exercise 2.4. Have a discussion in pairs. The topic is My dream. One talks about the problems in his st
40、udy or life, another gives some advice. Remind the students to use the following structuresa. My problem isb. My trouble isc. The question isd. My advice ise. What I think about it isf. The fact isg. My suggestion is高考链接】主语从句一、由what(whatever,whoever)等代词引导的主语从句。What they are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。
41、Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略,但若用it作形式主语, that从句后置时,则可省略。为避免头重脚轻,我们倾向用it开头,后接be,seem等。如果句子是疑问形式,就只能用带it的结构。That money doesnt grow on trees should be obvious.金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。It is obvious(that)money doesnt grow on trees .显而易见,金钱是不能从树上长出来的。注意:1)选
42、用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what(以及whatever,whoever等)引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。What he said is true.他说的是真的。(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。)That China is a great socialist country is well known.(=Its well known that)众所周知,中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。(that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分,也无词义,只起连接作用。)2)it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对
43、句中某一成分加以强调,其结构为:“It is(或was)+强调部分+that(或who)”强调句去掉It is(或was)that(或who)框架后,剩余部分为一个完整的句子。It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语)3)常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构:*It is+形容词(necessary,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,等)+that从句,从句中常用虚拟语气。Its necessary that he write somethin
44、g in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。Its strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。*It is+名词(a fact,a pity ,no wonder,good news,等)+that从句Its a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。*It is+过去分词(said,reported,decided,unknown等)+that从句Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next w
45、eek.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。*It +不及物动词(seems,appears,happens, matters等)+that从句It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。4)主语为从句时,一般要用单数谓语动词形式;但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词则常用复数形式:What we need is water. 我们需要的是水。What we need are useful books. 我们需要的是有用的书。三、由连接代词或连接副词(或if, whether)引导的主语从句。When they
46、will come hasnt been made public.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。Whether Ill attend the meeting hasnt been decided.=It hasnt been decided whether(if) Ill attend the meeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。 Period 4 Listening and speakingStep I. Lead-in Let 2-3 students retell the passage learnt in the first two periods. Revise some impo
47、rtant words and statements.Remind the students of October 15th 2003 when Yang Liwei went up into space. (showing pictures or Videos in possible)List the following questions before listening:l What education and experience do you need to become an astronaut?l Do you think there are any special requir
48、ements?l What kind of a person makes a good astronaut?l What problems do you think he/she would have in space?(Students report back to the class in fours)Step II. Listening ( P62)Listen to parts 1 and 2. Write down the main idea.Then listen to part 1 finish exercise 3 and part 2 to finish exercise 4
49、.Questions Yang Liweis answers When was the most exciting moment?What surprised him?What did he do? When his spaceship lifted off the ground he knew he was really on his way into space.The beauty of spaceHe watched all his instruments and stayed calm.Information on Yang Liwei, the astronautEducation
50、He got his degree.TrainingHe trained for ten years to fly airplanes and then to fly a spaceship.Physical qualities Smaller than 170 cm; less than 70 kg.Personal qualitiesCalm, hard-workingListen again (if necessary) and fill in the blanks in exercise 5.Step III. TalkingThis task asks the students to
51、 work in pairs and give a friend a number of “ dos” and “donts” about going into space.Remind the students of having discussed some problems before reading “A VISIT TO THE MOON”. Brainstorm a list based on what they remember in pairs.Compare the ideas with another pair and make a report to the class
52、.Make suggestions either to avoid or to solve the problems listed in groups of four.Give some Sample dialogues:Step IV. Speaking taskThe purpose of this task is to use the information gained from the listening text and reading passage in a new situation.Before the task, work out some questions to as
53、k. For example:l What was the most unexpected thing you found out about “black holes”?l If you cannot see a “black hole”, how do you know you have got close to it?l What was the most frightening thing that happened to you on this journey?Prepare the answers to the questions in pairs.Suggested answer
54、s to the questions above:l Most unexpected thing: the “black hole” threw out material as well as swallowing objects.l Knowing when we reached it : You only know you are close to a black hole by seeing things going around what appears to be an empty space. The black hole cannot be seen.l Most frighte
55、ning experience: when the gravity of the “black hole” was pulling us slowly into its “mouth”, and then the spaceship moved around the hole; I was terrified because I thought we would be swallowed by the “hole”.Practise the interview in front of the class in pairs.Step V. HomeworkPeriod 5: Integratin
56、g skillsStep I. Revision:Retell the reading passage. Step II. Listening and discussing (P30):Look at the pictures and the exercises and guess what the listening is about.Listen to parts 1 and 2 for the fist time to choose the best summary of the listening text.The text is about how the idea of gravi
57、ty has developed over a long period of the universe.Listen again to finish the chart in exercise 3:Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingIdea Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards themIn space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and tim
58、e bendsBlack holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them towards their edge.Develop-ment The bigger the object the stronger the gravityTime goes slower in very strong gravity.If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.Step III. Reading (P3
59、0):This reading uses information from the listening text above. It is a science fiction story which imagines what it might be like if an astronaut visited the Moon.Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.Suggested
60、 sentences: 1. The pull of gravity became very strong as he left the earths atmosphere. His weight is normal.2. It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless.3. It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on the earth.4. Step IV. Reading Task (P66):Remind the students of t
61、he knowledge of “black holes”.Read the passage to discover the new ideas about “black holes” .Old ideas about “black holes”Was this what we found?New ideas about “black holes”Black holes cannot be seenYesYou can only “see” it by watching the movements of the objects caught by its gravity.Gravity pul
62、ls objects towards them.YesObjects go round outside the edge of the “black hole”.YesAll objects must go into the “black hole” when they are caught by its gravityNoThey can be thrown far from the “black hole” by its energy.Step V. Writing task (P67):The purpose of this writing task is for the students to use the information they have gathered on astronomy and their question to each other to write an interesting and lively newspaper article.Analyze the sample writing on page 67 with the students .Leave a writing task as homework.