1、2012年高考英语 要点梳理+重点突破 Unit5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero 新人教版必修1要 点 梳 理高效梳理知识备考重点单词1quality n质量；品质；性质2active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地activity n活动3devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的devotion n奉献4found vt.建立；建设5principle n法则；原则；原理6peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n和平7legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal(反义词)
2、8hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hopeless(反义词)hope n. & v希望9youth n青年；青年时期10vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决11attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击12violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的13equal adj.相等的，平等的equally adv.相等地equality n同等，平等14willing adj.乐意的；自愿的15escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露16educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育17beg
3、 vi. & vt.请求；乞求18relative n亲戚；亲属relation n关系relationship n关系19terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动terrorism n恐怖主义terrorist n恐怖分子20reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏21opinion n意见；看法；主张重点短语1out of work 失业2as a matter of fact 事实上3in trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中4turn to 求助于；致力于5lose heart 丧失信心6come to power 当权；上台7set up 设立；建立8be sent
4、enced to 被判处(徒刑)9worry about 担心10be put into prison 被关进监狱11blow up 使充气；爆炸12fight against 对而战13go against the law 违反法律14be willing to do sth. 乐于干15be active in sth. 积极从事重点句型1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a sta
5、ge where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。高考范文(2009山东卷)假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师 Mr Smith，但没有联系方式
6、。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学 Tom写一封信：1感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；2询问Mr Smith 的近况并索要其联系方式；3邀请 Tom 在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。注意：1.词数120150；2.可适当增加细节。思路点拨审题可知本题是对书信形式的应用文体的考查。本题要求以李华的名义给美国同学Tom写信，因此本题需要用第一人称，时态主要选用一般现在时；文章应该包括提示要点，并适当增加细节。格式、语言等方面要符合文体要求，论述要点应简明扼要。范文Dear Tom，Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America
7、. With your help, my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.How is Mr Smith? I want to know something about his life. I tried to get in touch with him, but unfortunately I dont have his address and cant connect with him. Do you have his email addres
8、s or his telephone number?The Spring Festival is coming. It is an important traditional festival for Chinese, when all the family members get together. It is like Christmas in the Western countries. Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a
9、lot of funny things. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.Best wishes! Im looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua考 点 探 究互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n. 数量be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质extra fine quality 特等firstrate quality 一等即学即练
10、1(1)He has a watch _.他有只质量好的手表。(2)One _ of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。(3)Its cheaper to buy goods _.购物的量大就便宜一些。of good qualityqualityin large quantities2devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的devoteoneselftime ones life moneyenergytosth.把用在，doing sth. 把献给sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；
11、很喜欢a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友即学即练2(1)She devoted her lifetime _ homeless children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted _ the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to _ research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。to helpingto studyingdevote himself to3vote vt. & vi.投票，选举 n投票；选
12、票；表决vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对vote on投票表决vote.down投票击败，投票否决vote through投票通过put.to the vote付诸表决，裁决即学即练3(1)Did you _ her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？(2)He _ the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。(3)The plan was passed by 6 _ 3.这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。vote for or againstwas votedvotes to提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”； vote aga
13、inst表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for/against; fight for/against”。4equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比即学即练4(1)He equals me _ strength but not _ intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。(2)Are men equ
14、al _ women _ physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？(3)She did not feel equal _ visitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player _ in China.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。inintointo receivingwithout equal5escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 从逃脱，逃走escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire
15、 escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口即学即练5(1)The bird has _ its cage.小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas _ somewhere?是不是有地方漏气？(3)How can we escape _/_？我们怎样才不会被人发现？(4)His name _ me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字来。escaped fromescapingobservationbeing observedescapes6reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for 作为(
16、对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward of 为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人即学即练6(1)Its _ virtue.那是对美德的回报。(2)I dont expect anything _； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(3)They _ the boy _ 5 _ bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。a reward f
17、orin rewardrewardedwithfor7out of work 失业out of business 破产；歇业out of control 失控out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病out of date 过时out of ones reach 够不着out of danger 脱险out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 发脾气out of mind 心不在焉即学即练7(1)_,_.谚眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)(2)Hes been _
18、for six months.他已经失业六个月了。(3)It is _that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。Out of sightout of mindout of workout of question8in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)ask/look for trouble 找麻烦make trouble 闹事；捣乱have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦take th
19、e trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事即学即练8(1)My friends always help me out when I am _(有麻烦时)(2)Dont mention my name, or youll _ (给我惹麻烦)(3)They _(费心地) find the right person.in troubleget me into troubletook great trouble to 9lose heart (be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气lose
20、ones heart to sth.(devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到lose ones heart to sb. (fall in love with sb.)喜欢即学即练9(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader _.据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。(2)Dont _； all will turn out well.不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。lost heartlose heart拓展：put ones heart into 把全部心思放在ha
21、ve sth. in ones heart 把放在心上have ones heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣set ones heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事learn.by heart 记住；背诵take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气10turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒绝，不准某人入内turn around转身turn down拒绝；调小turn in上交turn off关掉turn on打开turn out赶出；证明是，结果是turn over翻身，翻转turn up露面，出现；开大即学即练10(1)Nobody seems to unders
22、tand. I dont know who to _.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。(2)Paul _ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。(3)The job _ than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。(4)Why did she _ your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ turn toturned to drinkingturned out(to be) harderturn down11set up 设立；建立即学即练11写出下列各句中set up的意
23、思。(1)They set up a notice on the wall._(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter. _(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games. _张贴建立创(纪录)拓展：set about 开始做，着手set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会set back 推迟，阻碍set down 记下；写下；规定set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列
24、.重点句型详解1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。Only by practising a few hours every day will you b
25、e able to master English.只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。Only when I came back was I informed of the news.直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须
26、找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：Only after the war learned he the sad news.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：Only when did he return did we find out the truth.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：Only can he answer the question.Only he can answe
27、r the question.即境活用1(2008江苏)_ you eat the correct food _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if; will youBOnly if; you willCUnless; will you DUnless; you will解析：“onlyif从句”放于句首，主句用部分倒装。答案：A2I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”
28、。这类特殊短语还有：(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。I didnt have any penny last time I saw you.上次我看见你时，我身无分文。(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“
29、一就”，相当于 as soon as。The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一就”。The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.王教授一出现在讲台上，听众
30、就站起来热烈鼓掌。 (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。即境活用2_I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beaut
31、iful scenery.AFor the first time BAt firstCIt was the first time DThe first time解析：the first time 用做连词，引导时间状语从句。答案：D 易 错 点 拨自我完善误区备考1. reward/award/prize(1)reward 指对某人的服务或工作等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。(2)award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。应用1
32、(1)She received a medal as a _ for her courage.她得到一枚奖章，作为对她勇敢的奖赏。(2)A _ was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。(3)He won the _ for the best student of the year.他获得本年度优秀学生奖。rewardprizeaward 2. 名词短语或副词做连词，引导时间状语从句应用2(1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she tho
33、ught it boring _ she read it.Aat the first time Bthe first timeCfor the first time Dat first答案：B解析：the first time“第一次时”，引导时间状语从句。(2)My sister came _ she got my short message.Aexactly BespeciallyCdirectly Dsimply答案：C解析：directlyas soon as“一就”，引导时间状语从句。(3)He left Europe _ World War broke out.Athe year
34、Bin the yearCduring the year Dfor the year答案：A解析：the year“在这一年”，引导时间状语从句。高 效 作 业自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1He was made _(董事长) of the club.2He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his _ (原则)3His effort was _ (回报) with great success.4Most children in cities are better _ (教育) than those in
35、 the countryside.5He was _ (判刑) to death.presidentprinciplerewardededucatedsentenced 6She cried in t_ when she saw a snake.7Black people are born e_ to the whites so they should share the same rights as them.8This company is more concerned with q_ than with quantity.9He is s_ and he is always thinki
36、ng of himself.10In my o_， we should put off the sports meeting.terrorequalqualityselfishopinion .单项选择1As _ matter of fact, _ beauty of _ nature there made an excellent impression on me.Aa; the; /Ba; the; theCthe; the; / Da; /; the答案：A解析：考查冠词。as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上；nature 指“大自然”，不用冠词。2The police
37、 _ roadblocks on routes out of the city to prevent the criminal from escaping.Aset up Bset backCset down Dset aside答案：A解析：set up “建立，设立”合题意。set back 阻碍；set down 写下，记下；set aside 留下。3(2010临川一中)Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.Ain BagainstCfor Don答案：B解析：考查介词用法。语意：虽然老教
38、授反对我的观点，但是他也没有提出自己的观点。前半句是“Although he was against my opinion”的省略结构。4Did you give the book to him?Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him.Aonce Bthe momentCwhile Dsuddenly答案：B解析：the moment 用做连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。5They agreed to the plan _， but there were some details they didnt like.Ain danger Bin peaceCin
39、principle Din common答案：C解析：考查介词短语。in principle“原则上，大体上”合题意。in danger 危险； in peace 和平；in common 和一样。6Courage is one of the best _ of a good soldier.Aquality BquantityCqualification Dfeature答案：A解析：指“品质”用 quality。B.数量；C.资格；D.特色，特征。7Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poo
40、r children.Aset up Bhave set upCsetting up Dhaving set up答案：C解析：句中的 all后面的 he had为定语从句，此题考查动词短语 devote.to 的用法。to为介词，排除A、B两项。set up schools的动作并未发生，排除D项。8Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper答案：C解析：be of equal importance 具有同等的重要性。9You we
41、re lucky to escape _.Apunished Bfrom punishingCbeing punished Dfrom being punished答案：C解析：escape being punishedescape punishment 逃过受罚。10(2009宜昌模拟) It is said that the police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robbers arrest.Aaward BprizeCreward Dwelfare答案：C解析：指“奖赏、酬金”用 reward。11In
42、2009, 3.88 million students graduated from colleges and universities, _ 20% increase from 2008, some of whom remain out of _work.A/; / Ba; /Ca; the Dthe; /答案：B解析：第一空表示“一个20%的增长率”用a；第二空 out of work “失业”。12When _ great trouble, you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn _ for ad
43、vice.Ain; down Bin; toCinto; up Dunder; to答案：B解析：考查固定搭配。 in trouble处在困难中；turn to sb. for sth. 向某人请求某物/事。13Only _ as an interpreter _ how important it was to practise speaking English.Awhen I worked; I realizedBwhen did I work; did I realizeCwhen I work; did I realizeDwhen I worked; did I realize答案：D
44、解析：当only出现在句首修饰时间状语从句时，主句应使用部分倒装。14. The old man told us not to remain _ there was danger.Ain which Bthe place whereCat the place Dwhere答案：D解析：考查 where 引导的地点状语从句，此时不能换成 in which，相当于 at the place where/in which。15_， and Charles felt hopeless.ASentenced to deathBAs he was sentenced to deathCSentencing
45、 to deathDHe was sentenced to death答案：D解析：考查句式用法。由于有连词 and，故选D。 .完形填空When I was young, I really doubted whether there was love between my parents. Every day they were busy earning money so that they could _1_ the high tuition my brother and I needed. They didnt _2_ in the romantic ways that I read i
46、n books or saw on TV.One day, Mom was sewing a quilt(被子). I _3_sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a _4_ here，” I said after a while. “Is there love between you and Dad？” I asked her in a very _5_ voice.Mom stopped her work and raised her head with _6_ in her eyes. She didnt answer immediately. She be
47、nt her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was _7_ if I had hurt her. I was in great embarrassment and I was at a loss what to do. But at last she said, very _8_ , “Susan, look at this _9_. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and
48、lasting. If _10_ is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be seen, but its really there. _11_ is inside.” I listened carefully but I couldnt understand her until years later.One day, Dad accidentally got_12_ while on duty. Ever since then he could no longer_13_ properly. Every morning
49、 and dusk Mom would help Dad walk slowly on the country road. Along the country road, there were beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The leaves were gently glistening _14_ the sun shining upon them. All of these made up the most beautiful _15_ in the world. “Dad, how are you feeling now？” I as
50、ked him one day. “Susan, dont worry about me，” he said gently. “I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Looking into his eyes, I_16_ what they meant.The doctor had said Dad would _17_in two months. But that day never came. He _18_ away in peace. _19_ I thought love meant flower
51、s, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this _20_ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life, which makes life strong and warm.1A.afford BcostCspend Doffer2A.go BliveCact Dwalk3A.happily BsilentlyCsecretly Dnervously4A.request BproblemCmessage Dquestion5A.loud BlightClow Dclear6A
52、.surprise BangerCstress Dhorror7A.amazed BconfusedCshocked Dashamed8A.quickly BexcitedlyCbitterly Dgently9A.quilt BneedleCthread Dsewing10A.belief BworkCexperience Dlife11A.Warmth BThreadCCotton DLove12A.tired BdrunkCill Dinjured13A.talk BwalkCwork Dthink14A.with BasCfor Dby15A.signs BsymbolsCpictur
53、es Dreflections16A.read BdoubtedCtranslated Drecognized17A.retire BrecoverCregain Dremove18A.passed BescapedCfaded Dturned19A.Again BOnceCThen DLater20A.lesson BaccountCexperience Daccident答案及解析：1. A。句意为：“他们忙着挣钱，以便能够支付我和我的弟弟需要的高昂学费。”afford和can/could 连用表示“付得起钱或抽得出时间”。2C。句意为：“他们没有按照我在书中读到的或在电视中看到的浪漫的方
54、式做事。act做事，行事。3. B。由于作者有一个严肃的问题想问母亲，所以她静静地坐在母亲旁边。4. D。从后文的问句可知答案从B或D中选择。考查question和problem的区别。对于让对方回答的问题要用question。5. C。 由于这个问题很严肃，所以作者只能用低低的声音问。6. A。作者的母亲没有想到作者会问这样的一个问题，所以刚听到的时候母亲眼中充满了惊奇。7. B。从后句中的“我很尴尬和我不知道要做什么”，我们可以知道作者不知道自己是否伤害了母亲，所以该空用confused表示“困惑的，不清楚的”。8. D。过了一会儿，母亲语气柔和地说道。在这样一个充满温情的情景中，说话的声
55、音自然是很轻很柔和的。9. C。根据语境知道是指线，有时露出被子，有时隐藏在被子中。10. D。后文的句子I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.暗示答案用life，作者把生活比喻为被子。11. D。文章讲的是父母之间是否有爱，所以用love。爱是内在的，是用实际行动来灌溉的。12. D。get injured 受伤。13. B。由下文中的help Dad walk slowly on the country road可知父亲受伤后不能正常地到处行走。14. A。考查with复合结构，在该句中用with复合结构表示
56、伴随。15. C。落叶和母亲搀扶父亲行走的画面构成了世界上最美丽的图画。16. A。read可以做“理解，读懂”，如：read ones thought等。17. B。recover受伤后的恢复健康。18. A。从前句中的but可知父亲没有恢复健康，而是平静地离开了人世。pass away去世。19. B。过去作者认为爱意味着鲜花等，但是现在作者理解了爱的真正含义，所以答案为B。20. C。从这次经历中作者明白了爱的真正含义。.短文改错Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It camesudden and went on for over t
57、hree hours. After lunch, I 1._went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and 2._all is quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my 3._room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air 4._and some flew out the open window. As I ran out to catch 5._ suddensuddenlyhotterhotoutout
58、 of iswasthem, big drop of rain began to fall. When I came back 6._into house, it was raining harder and harder. I tried 7._very hard to close the window. Then I heard a loudly 8._crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house. When I ran 9._out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the 10._top of the back room. dropdropshouse前加theloudlyloud去掉Whenbrokebroken
