1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词会认就行 (背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1astronomy n天文学2astronomer n. 天文学家3solar adj. 太阳的；日光的4billion pron.&n.& adj. 英万亿；美十亿5carbon n. 碳6dioxide n. 二氧化物7dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散8acid n. 酸9chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链10multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加11oxygen n. 氧12mammal n. 哺
2、乳动物13extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的14lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻15weightlessly adv. 失重地 (二)背重点单词写对才行1system n. 系统；体系；制度2theory n. 学说；理论3atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛4unlike prep. 与不同；不像5fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的6thus adv. 因此；于是7gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的8physicist n. 物理学家9climate n. 气候10crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落11pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力1
3、2float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物(三)背拓展单词用准才行1religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的2biology n生物学biologist n生物学家biological adj.生物的3violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violently adv.猛烈地violence n暴力4harm n& v伤害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑
4、不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的8like vt.喜欢 prep.像unlike prep.与不同；不像dislike vt.&n.不喜欢；讨厌likely adj.可能的9react v反应reaction n反应；回应语境活用1Since my younger brother is fond of biology, he is determined to become a biologist when he grows up.(biology) 2Last night we had a discussion
5、, which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)3There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)4He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he resp
6、ects others religious freedom.(religion)5As is known to us, everyone has his likes and dislikes.My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)6The harmful materials became harmless to the environment after being dealt with.(harm)(四)背高频单词先“记牢”再“
7、用活”，不背绝对不行1harmful adj.有害的背词条用法(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害 对某人有害 做某事没有坏处背写作佳句Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health. 有些男生太痴迷于玩电脑游戏，这对他们的健康非常有害。If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解
8、决问题，你给他打个电话没有坏处。2.exist vi.存在；生存背词条用法(1)exist in存在于之中exist on (live on) sth. 靠某物生存there exist(s) . 有；存在(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在背写作佳句You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning. 你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。There exists a good way to solve the existing problem at
9、 present. 目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。No one knows when such a custom first came into existence. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候最先开始存在的。3puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题背词条用法(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)be puzzled about 对迷惑不解背写作佳句The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident c
10、ould have happened. 警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us. 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。You will be puzzled about their meanings if you dont learn about the background of these Tang poems. 如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你将会对它们的含义感到很困惑4pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力背词条用法pull down拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆
11、)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出背写作佳句The father saw the train his son was on pull out, with his eyes full of tears. 那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出(车站)。Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial, and people are still looking for other possible solutions. 这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，
12、人们仍在寻找其他可能的解决方法。 (五)背短语词块表达出彩，需多积词块才行单元短语再认再现1in time及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人5watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋7depend on 依靠；取决于8break out 突发；爆发9prevent .from 阻止；制止10block out 挡住(光线)11get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解12now that 既然重点短语拓展用活1in time及时；终于；迟背相关短语(1)in time
13、 for . 刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装) at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时背写作佳句As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time. 常言道，“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有所回报。At the same time, we are going to bring
14、along about five hundred books with us for your class. 同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time. 幸运的是，我适应了新的环境，一切很快就恢复了正常。2in ones turn轮到某人；接着背相关短语in turn依次；相应地；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.
15、轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果是背写作佳句I, in my turn, became embarrassed and angry and told her to take the money back. 这下轮到我既尴尬又气愤了，我告诉她把钱拿回去。I think its my turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。It turned out that this young man was none other than the old mans son. 结果，这位
16、年轻人竟然是这位老人的儿子。3cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋背相关短语cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为喝彩叫好/鼓劲加油背写作佳句I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我的确希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！All her family and her friends come to the game and cheer for her. 她所有的家人和朋友都来参加这个比赛并为
17、她加油。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. (makeitadj./n.to do)这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。佳句(2018全国卷书面表达)I think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party. 我认为参加晚宴时带一个小礼物是个好主意。佳句His decision made it possibl
18、e for us to finish the work by four oclock this afternoon. 他的决定使我们在今天下午四点以前完成工作成为可能。2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. (倍数表达法：倍数as .as .)但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。佳句Li Ping devoted three times as much time and ener
19、gy as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 李萍付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。佳句There are five times as many books in our library as in yours. 我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的五倍多。3We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. (形容词作伴随状语)我们惊奇地看着，随着
20、地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。佳句Too nervous, I couldnt think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didnt worry but tried to calm myself down. 由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。佳句After the long journey, the three of us went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。同主题佳句熟读成诵1In fac
21、t, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.事实上，我们对宇宙了解得很少，甚至不知道它是如何形成的。2The Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time.中国人一直梦想着探索外太空。3So crazy am I about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the libra
22、ry to read something about space exploration.我对太空探索如此痴迷，以至于业余时间我常常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。 (二)背满分作文好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点建议信(三)题目要求假定你是李华，得知外国笔友David将于暑假期间来中国学习功夫。请根据以下提示，用英语给他写一封邮件。内容包括：1表示欢迎；2.提几点建议；3.祝学习顺利。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 背范文Dear David，Welcome to China. Im delighted to hear youre coming to lea
23、rn Chinese kung fu during the summer holiday. Id like to offer you some advice. Chinese kung fu has been popular all over the world, but learners have to practise it again and again to master it. I suggest you watch some videos on the Internet to make good preparations before coming to China. Also,
24、you should buy special shoes and clothes made in Chinese style. They are comfortable to wear when you are learning kung fu. Moreover, its a good idea to learn how to use chopsticks, which can help you to enjoy tasty Chinese food.Hopefully, your kung fu study will go well.Yours，Li Hua学亮点1学高级表达(1)使用高级
25、词汇，如delighted, master, make good preparations, tasty等。(2)恰当使用高级句式结构，如：suggest后跟使用虚拟语气的宾语从句you watch some videos .；过去分词短语作定语made in Chinese style；it作形式主语its a good idea to learn how to use chopsticks；非限制性定语从句which can help you to enjoy tasty Chinese food等。这些极大地增强了文章的可读性。2学精彩结尾结尾用hopefully开头，表达了对笔友Dav
26、id学习中国功夫的祝愿，体现了对朋友的关心。3学过渡衔接文中but, also, moreover等过渡词语和过渡句Id like to offer you some advice.的恰当运用，使得各内容要点之间衔接自然流畅，上下文结构紧凑。4防微点失分考生容易把“I suggest you watch .before coming to China.”中的coming因忽略分析句子成分而错用come，或把“They are comfortable to wear when you .”中的to wear因不知道动词不定式的主动表被动用法而错误地使用了不定式的被动式to be worn，从而导
27、致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺打牢必备知识 全面练练清易错微点.单词拼写1She pulled (拉) the little boy gently towards her just now.2He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake, which frightened him.3A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.4Fresh air is fundamental (基础的) to good health, so we should make
28、 every effort to improve air quality.5He has broken the world record, thus (因此) winning his first gold medal.6The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (理论) must be based on facts.7The atmosphere (氛围) of the picnic is very friendly.Children are having fun with each other.8Unlike (
29、不像) his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1(2020浙江1月高考)The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year！十亿2(2020江苏高考)Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his b
30、ody to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 理论3(2019北京高考)When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.碳4(2019江苏高考)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average b
31、rain size of 200cm3. 哺乳动物5They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.撞车6We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter, which worried me a lot.用完；耗尽7It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.繁殖；增殖In ma
32、ths class the children are already learning to multiply and divide.乘Our problems have multiplied since last year.迅速增加8(熟词生义)The idea was first floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago.提出9(熟词生义)She hadnt chained her dog up, so it got killed on the main road.用链条系住.单句语法填空1.When I was
33、 little, my mother told me that wood floats (float) on water.2Not all people are aware of the various effects of global(globe) warming on earth.3I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blowing through my hair and it was a warm summer breeze.4It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to sol
34、ve problems.5.My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.6As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.7.During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improving (improve) his theory gradually until it was completed.8For lots of people, the
35、natural reaction (react) is to get angry when they are cheated by others.补全句子1我试图站起来，可是已经筋疲力尽了。(exhausted)I tried to stand up, but I was completely exhausted.2到目前为止，还没有证据支持这种理论。(theory)To date there is no evidence to support this theory. 3这个国家曾一度为其教育体系感到自豪。但现在它似乎已经千疮百孔了。(system)This country was once
36、 proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins. 4与西方风俗习惯不同，中国人更加重视春节。(unlike)Unlike western customs, Chinese pay more attention to the Spring Festival.5他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系是这一地区的繁荣发展的基础。(fundamental)He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the wellbeing of the area.名师点拨“一站清
37、”(1)“木头漂浮在水面上”是客观真理，故用一般现在时态。(2)be fundamental to“是的根本”。(3)thus improving . 是现在分词短语作结果状语。 重点练深化高频考点1harmful 明其义adj.有害的 通其用(1)单句语法填空As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.The local government close
38、d down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.(2)一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to your health.(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health.(harm n)2exist 明其义vi.存在；生存通其用(1)单句语法填空Sc
39、ientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)He finds it hard to exist on the money hes earning.(2)补全句子The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。As is known to us, there exists a generation gap b
40、etween the young and the old.众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。 解其困exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3puzzle 明其义vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)困惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题通其用(1)单句语法填空After hearing the news, he had a puzzled (puzzle) look on his face.His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling，which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle)(2)一句多译消
41、防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。The cause of the fire was a puzzle to the firemen.(puzzle n)The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire.(puzzled adj.)What puzzled the firemen was the cause of the fire.(puzzle v；主语从句) 解其困过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与
42、人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用强化关键能力 词块的验收盘点.词块点点练选词填空cheer up， get the hang of， in ones turn， break out， watch out for， in time， block out， give birth to 1When the famous professor turned up, all the students cheered up.2.At last the firefighters put out the fire in
43、 the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.3Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in its turn.4Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang of the grammar rules.5She married at 25 and gave birth to her first child shortly after.6She bought a h
44、eavy curtain to block out the light.7.Im just so glad I was there in time to help my son.8Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.名师点拨“一站清”(1)break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发，是不及物动词短语。(2)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。.易错对对碰辨析比较1in turn VS by turns比较Al
45、l theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice. The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.辨清by turns 是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn，它还有“反过来”的意思。2cheer up VS cheer on比较The audience stood up to cheer on their team. Nobody can help you, you need to cheer
46、 up！辨清(1)cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。(2)cheer sb.on“(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油”。 句式的验收盘点 (一)make itadj./n.for sb. to do 通其用1补全句子People in China make it a rule to buy New Years gifts for their relatives and friends.在中国，人们常在新年购买礼物给亲朋好友。Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for hers
47、elf.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。I considered it no use quarrelling with him about it.我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。2翻译句子(2018全国卷书面表达)新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。The newlybuilt stadium is large enough, which makes it possible for us to take part in various activities. 解其困(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：(2)常用于这种句型的
48、动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。 (二)倍数表达法 通其用1补全句子My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.我的学校已经发展成一个大学校，它是以前的三倍大。The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.电子垃圾流的增长速度是传统垃圾总量的三倍。The population now
49、in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。2一句多译正在建的新体育馆是操场的两倍大。The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the playground.(as)The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)The new stadium being built will be twice bigger than the pl
50、ayground.(than)解其困倍数表达法的常见结构：倍数(.times)注意：(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2019天津高考阅读理解C篇对接课标主题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索(一)精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法) 1How does an ecosystem (生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the
51、way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.2With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instanc
52、e， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator (掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey (猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrang
53、ement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them. species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one an
54、other to extinction.3Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the
55、 size of populations of other species including species they did not directly attack.4And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of topdown control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large p
56、redators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.5Scientists have built an earlywarning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to
57、pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key， scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.,微积累单复数同形词汇大集合：species n物种；种类means n. 方式；方法series n. 系列sheep n. 羊deer n. 鹿works n. 工厂微点拨举例说明由for instance, for example,
58、 such as，或破折号等引起的短语或句子一般是举例项，例子一般是和文章的中心或段落主题句紧密相关的。举例说明是阅读的风向标，有利于理解语篇和解题。通句式句子(1)是一个复合句，if引导的是条件状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词another species；when引导时间状语从句。微技法根据定语从句解题：第48题可以根据where引导的定语从句解题。辨易混区分“影响”：affect v影响(着重影响的动作)effect n影响(着重“造成”一种特殊的效果)微点拨prevention is key “预防是关键”，简单明了的指出如何维持生态平衡。理脉络内化读文规律(二)解析真题
59、感悟素养立意 考什么怎么考真题再做46What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?AThe living habits of species in food webs.BThe rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.CThe approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.DThe differences between weak and strong links in
60、 food webs.解析：选B细节理解题。第一段说，为了弄清生态系统的运转，科学家建立了数学模型；第二段说，通过这一模型，科学家找到了生态系统食物网中运行的一些关键原则，故选B。47A strong link is found between two species when a predator .Ahas a wide food choiceBcan easily find new preyCsticks to one prey speciesDcan quickly move to another place解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“When a predator (掠
61、食动物) .strongly linked”可知，当一种掠食动物总是大量猎食单一的猎物时，那么它们之间就存在着紧密的联系，故本题选C。 48What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?AThe prey species they directly attack will die out.BThe species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.CThe living environment of oth
62、er species will remain unchanged.DThe populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems”可知，位于食物网顶端的掠食动物数量的细微变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大变化，这与D项陈述相符。 49What conclusion can be drawn from the ex
63、amples in Paragraph 4?AUncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.BRapid economic development threatens animal habitats.CSpecies of commercial value dominate other species.DIndustrial activities help keep food webs stable.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句“未经计划的人类活动证明了顶端掠食动物自上而下控制的观点是正确的”是这一段的主题句，下面的例
64、子是为了证明这一观点，根据本段最后一句“这些行为已经大大影响了生态平衡”可知，人为的不受控制的行为会扰乱生态平衡，故选A。50How does an earlywarning system help us maintain the ecological balance?ABy getting illegal practices under control.BBy stopping us from killing large predators.CBy bringing the brokendown ecosystems back to normal.DBy signaling the urge
65、nt need for taking preventive action.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个系统是以数学模型为基础建立的，能告诉我们什么时候应该改变人类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动，然后说“预防是关键”。故选D。 为什么考有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质本文第49题考查学生结合生活常识运用批判性思维解题的能力。本题题干意为：从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论？第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端掠食动物鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端掠食动物狼为例来解释说明第一句话。根据“These actions have greatly affected the ecological bala
66、nce.”并结合生活常识可知，不受控制的人类活动极大地影响了生态系统。B、C、D三项文中没有提及，故选A项。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘，旨在激发考生对大自然的兴趣，引领考生去探索大自然的奥秘，揭开大自然未知的秘密。自古以来，地球一直存在着许多未解之谜，正是这种神秘激励着人们不断为此努力探索、求知。认识地球、探索地球奥秘，一直是人们渴望和追求的目标。在探索求知的过程中，不仅能提高学生们的精神境界，也有利于培养创新和实践能力，从而实现自我超越。 (三)借力真题发掘学习能力.单句语法填空1This region is the home of
67、many species (species) of wild flowers.2Stick to your principles (principle) and tell them you wont do it.3The girls walked shoulder to shoulder with their arms linked (link)4We have been collecting data from various (vary) sources.5Originally (original), we had intended to go to Italy, but then we
68、won the trip to Greece. .补全句子1The team consisting of (由组成) five doctors and ten nurses were sent to the remote village.2I was relieved to find out (发现) that my problems were easy to solve.3Gradually, the boy adapted to (适应) his new school life.分析长难句1To find an answer, scientists have built mathemati
69、cal models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.句式解构本句是含有两个宾语从句的主从复合句。句子主干是“scientists have built mathematical models of food webs”。其中不定式短语“To find an answer”在句中作目的状语；“noting who eats whom and how much each one eats”为现在分词短语作方式状语，现在分词noting之后接了两个并列的宾语从句。句意翻译为了找到答案，科学家们建立了食物网的
70、数学模型，记录了谁吃谁，吃了多少。2Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.句式解构本句是一个含有一个宾语从句和一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是Mathematical models，谓语动词是have revealed。逗号前面部分是句子的主句，“that food webs may be unstable”
71、是宾语从句。逗号后是关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词food webs。句意翻译数学模型还揭示出，食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网顶端掠食动物的细微变化都会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。.主题语境写作一天，你在图书馆读了一篇关于生物生态系统的文章，你感觉收获很多，并计划呼吁周围的人一起来重视生态平衡，保护环境，请就此写一篇小短文。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文：Last weekend, I happened to go to the city library to do some reading. I came across a scie
72、nce book about the balance of nature. I was deeply attracted by it and at the same time I learnt a lot from it. It never occurred to me that we human beings had so close a relationship with wildlife, just like water and fish, without which we cant live peacefully. At that time I decided to call on p
73、eople around me to spare no effort to protect the environment and keep the balance of nature.课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)microscopeexperimentinvention message latitude component patent function advance contribute automatic digital portable scientific technical telescope
74、 globe orbit comet equator (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道2Severe low temperatures vary with latitude and distance from the ocean.纬度3The protection of patent rights has been further strengthened.专利4All the planets orbit the sun in roughly the sam
75、e plane, round its equator.赤道5Its hoped that the telescope will enable scientists to see deeper into the universe than ever before. 望远镜6The new digital technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.数字的7My watch is automatic, so theres no need to wind it. 自动的8The function of t
76、he cells is not known.功能.单句语法填空1This project involves a lot of complex technical (technology)problems.2Seated in the first line are some advanced (advance) workers.3She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific (science) achievements.4He is respected by people from all over the wor
77、ld because of the great contributions (contribute)5In ancient China we had many advanced inventions (invent)，which led to todays civilization and development.6Now that we are all part of the global (globe)village, everyone should protect it.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解“Im ready，” said Alyssa Carson，a now 17yearol
78、d astronautintraining from Baton Rouge，Louisiana.For her，riding the most aggressive roller coaster in the park is not a big deal.If all goes according to her plans, NASA will send her to Mars in 2033, making her the first human to step foot on the planet.She will spend two to three years doing somet
79、hing on it, growing food, performing science experiments, and searching for signs of life.“The Martian is actually very accurate，” she said.“A lot of the things that happened in the movie are similar to what is going to happen.” Shes devoted her entire life to preparing for this journey.Her love for
80、 space started when she was 3 years old and watched a cartoon called The Backyardigans.Five animal pals go on imaginary adventures in their backyard including one part, a mission to Mars.“I thought This red planet is so cool，” she said.“I started watching videos of rovers landing on Mars.I had a lar
81、ge map of Mars in my room I would look at.We started getting telescopes so we could look at space.”At 7 her father took her to US Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama.“That was the weekend of my life，” she said.“I got to learn everything I had been wanting to know and more .I got to see a lifesize rock
82、et.” She cherished the rocket so much that she returned 18 times.At the age of 12 she became the first person in history to attend all three NASA space camps.At first she mastered the basics of space and how humans have explored it throughout time.As she got older she simulated (模拟)missions，trying t
83、o reach a destination in gravityfree, weightless zones.When she was 9, she met NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus.The experienced explorer told her she was the same age as her when she decided to go to space.At that moment Alyssa knew her love of space was not a passing hobby.“I did the same thing as othe
84、r kids，like switching my mind about careers, wanting to be a teacher or the president one day，” she said.“But the way I always thought about it was I would become an astronaut，go to Mars，come back，and then be a teacher or the president.”语篇解读：Alyssa Carson从小就梦想能登上火星，多年来她一直在为实现这个梦想而努力准备着。1Why is Alyss
85、a Carson great?ABecause she has created model missions to Mars.BBecause she is the youngest to have completed astronaut training.CBecause she is likely to be the first human to perform different tasks on Mars.DBecause she has visited the space camp in Huntsville，Alabama for nearly 20 times.解析：选C推理判断
86、题。根据第一段中的“NASA will send her to Mars in 2033 .searching for signs of life”可推知，Alyssa Carson之所以伟大，是因为她将有可能成为第一个登上火星并在火星上执行多种任务的人。2NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus is mentioned in the last paragraph to stress .Athe power of space dreamBthe popularity of space travelCthe importance of career choiceDthe exc
87、itement of her going into space解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The experienced explorer told her .was not a passing hobby.”可推知，作者在这里提到Sandra Magnus是为了表明这位宇航员对Alyssa Carson的影响，Alyssa Carson因为这位宇航员的话，更加坚定了自己登上火星的梦想。3What is the authors purpose of writing the text?ATo introduce American space industry.BTo improve
88、the values of American teens.CTo encourage tours to Mars.DTo present a rising American space star.解析：选D写作意图题。文章介绍了Alyssa Carson登上火星的梦想的缘由、她为之所做的努力以及对该梦想的看法；此外，根据第一段的内容可知，Alyssa Carson将有可能成为第一个登上火星的人。故D项符合题意。.完形填空In my childhood, there were no smart phones or computers. Still, I never felt bored. The
89、 field, 1 and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground. I can remember once hiking to a nearby 2 and walking slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides,
90、but 3 it still seemed like a fine adventure.I 4 on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure someone was 5 in my ears to ask me to turn around and 6 back home but I was 7 and even a bit stupid, so I walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house 8 . My legs were getting tired. I noticed th
91、at the sun was starting to go down and I grew 9 . I didnt want to end up 10 on this road in the dark of night, and I was worried that it would be dark 11 I could make my way back to the lake again.I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me. My heart was 12 and my legs were aching. Whe
92、n I 13 one last corner and saw a house that I 14 ， I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away, but 15 felt like feathers. I 16 into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good nights sleep.I remembered t
93、his recently when I saw a 17 that said, “All roads lead home.” This is true. I also remembered a sage (智者) compared life to a journey. Are we going to make this life a terrible 18 or are we going to make the life a joyful one? It 19 our own choice.All roads no matter how they twist and turn, can 20
94、us home in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way!语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”沿着湖边一条不熟悉的小路散步，不知不觉天色已晚，“我”很害怕但还是在晚饭前回到了家。回家的路不止一条，心中有家，总能找到回家的路。1A.townsBfarmsChills Dvillages解析：选C根据上句，并结合该句“The field, and woodlands around my home were the per
95、fect playground.”可知，“我”家周围的田野、山地(hills)、树林都是完美的游乐场，故C项正确。2A.lake BfarmhouseCforest Dhighway解析：选A根据该句中的“and walking slowly around it”，并结合第二段尾句中的“the lake”可以推断，“我”绕着附近的一个湖泊(lake)散步；A项意为“湖泊”，故A项正确。3A.appreciating BrefusingCintroducing Dexploring解析：选D根据上文中的“At the back of it I was amazed to find an old
96、dirt road that I had never seen before.”可知，这条古旧的土路“我”从来没有看到过；结合该句内容可知，土路上满是泥泞的轮胎印迹，两边是深林，但探索(exploring)它仍然像是一次美妙的冒险。D项意为“探索”，故D项正确。4A.drove BwalkedCflew Drode解析：选B根据上文“walking slowly”可以推断“我”一直走(walked)，似乎走了几个小时，故B项正确。下文中的“walked on”亦是提示。5A.scolding BwhisperingCsinging Dwaving解析：选B根据该句中的“in my ears”，
97、并结合全句内容可知，“我”确信有人在“我”的耳边低语(whispering)；B项意为“低语”，故B项正确。6A.wander BlandCpace Dhead解析：选D根据该句中的“turn around and”和“back home”可知，有一个人在“我”耳边低语，让“我”转身、回家；head back home意为“回家”，故D项正确。7A.stubborn BdesperateCsad Danxious解析：选A根据该句中的“and even a bit stupid, so I walked on”可推知，空处应和形容词“stupid”对应，故A项“固执的”，符合语境。8A.in
98、order Bin comfortCin sight Din need解析：选C根据该句“There was still neither a car nor a house ”，并结合上文的内容可知，“我”沿着一条古旧的土路一直走，仍然看不到一辆车、一间房子；C项意为“看得见，在视野内”，符合语境，故C项正确。9A.thrilled BdisappointedCastonished Dscared解析：选D根据该句中的“I noticed that the sun was starting to go down”及常识可推知，“我”注意到太阳开始下山了，“我”感到害怕(scared)。10A.
99、exposed BtrappedCinjured Dworried解析：选B根据语境可推知，“我”不想在黑夜里被困(trapped)在这条路上；B项意为“被困的”，故B项正确。11A.though BifCwhen Dbefore解析：选D根据语境可知，“我”担心在“我”再次回到湖边之前(before)天会黑下来。12A.beating BsinkingCblocking Dracing解析：选D根据空前一句“I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me.”可知，“我”继续前进，心里越来越害怕；据此可以推断，“我”的心急速跳
100、动(racing)着，双腿隐隐作痛；D项意为“急速跳动”，故D项正确。13A.searched BturnedCchecked Dexamined解析：选B根据该句中的“When I one last corner and saw a house”可知，当“我”转过最后一个拐角时，“我”看到了一幢房子；B项意为“转弯”，故B项正确。14A.owned BoverlookedCrecognized Ddefined解析：选C根据该句中的“I jumped up and down and laughed out loud”可知，“我”上下跳了起来，并笑出了声；据此可以推断，“我”认出(recogn
101、ized)了一幢房子；C项意为“认出”，故C项正确。15A.arms BlegsChead Dhands解析：选B根据空前一句“I knew the way home！”可知，“我”知道了回家的路；结合该句“It was still over a mile away, but felt like feathers.”且和该段第二句中的“my legs were aching”呼应可推知，虽然离家还有不止一英里，但“我”感到双腿(legs)轻松起来，故B项正确。16A.danced BstormedCdragged Djumped解析：选A根据上文中的“I jumped up and down
102、and laughed out loud”可知，看到认识的房子，“我”很兴奋；结合该句中的“with a big smile just in time for dinner”可推知，“我”蹦蹦跳跳(danced)地进了房子，刚好赶上吃晚饭；A项意为“雀跃，轻快地移动”，故A项正确。17A.design BsignatureCsignal Dsign解析：选D根据该句“I remembered this recently when I saw a that said, All roads lead home”可知，“我”看到一个标牌(sign)，上面写着：“回家的路不止一条。”D项意为“标牌”，
103、故D项正确。18A.scene BtripCevent Dsight解析：选B根据上文中的“a journey”并结合该句内容可推知，我们是要人生之旅(trip)变得糟糕，还是要让它变得快乐？B项意为“旅行”，故B项正确。19A.depends on Bdecides onCdeals with Drefers to解析：选A结合该句“It our own choice”可推知，这取决于(depends on)我们自己的选择。A项意为“取决于”，故A项正确。20A.move BurgeClead Dtransport解析：选C根据上文中的“All roads lead home”可知，回家的路不止一条；结合该句语境可知，道路不管多么曲折，都能指引(lead)我们回家。C项意为“引领”，故C项正确。
