1、北京市一零一中学2020-2021学年高一英语上学期期中试题（含解析）（考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：120分）第一部分：听力理解（共三节，共20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1. Where are the two speakers?A. On the plane. A. On the bus. C. On the train.2. What is the weather going to be like th
2、is weekend?A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.3. Who is the woman?A. A cleaner. B. A secretary. C. A manager.4. What will the woman probably do during the holiday?A. Visit her sister. B. Shop in her city. C. Travel in Hangzhou.5. Why cant the woman take the direct route?A. The road is under construction.
3、B. The right-hand lane is closed.C. There is no exit.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. What can we learn about the woman?A. She didnt watch the football game.B. She is not interested in foot
4、ball.C. She doesnt work hard.7. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A football player. B. A football match. C. A football fan.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8. Why does the woman do research?A. To study what music people prefer.B. To show us that music is important.C. To understand how music influences pe
5、ople.9. What will the man do to help with the report?A. Design the report.B. Answer questions.C. Hand out questionnaires.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What happened to Betty?A. She was disturbed at the concert.B. She was removed by security.C. She fought with a boy.11. What can we learn about Betty?A. She do
6、esnt like children.B. She often goes to concerts.C. She seldom argues with others.12. What does the man suggest Betty do?A. Leave the theatre. B. Ask for help. C. Fight back.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13. Why did Jane miss the film?A. She was sick in hospital.B. She got caught in the rain.C. She had to take c
7、are of her sister.14. What impressed the speaker most?A. The story. B. The acting. C. The setting.15. Whats the speaker doing?A. Leaving a message. B. Making an appointment. C. Giving a lecture.第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。Luggage Cl
8、aim FormOwnerAnna Wolf, from 16Flight No.17 , New York to BeijingLost ItemA roller 18DescriptionHard plastic19 in color22 inchesContactThe Great Wall 20Tel.第二部分：知识运用 （共两节，共30分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分, 共10分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. F
9、irst of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong _1_ a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _2_ (have) to worry about fashion. Everybody wears _3_ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in I
10、reland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth giving off light in the dark. When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, drivers can _4_ (easy) see them.【答案】1. to 2. has 3. the 4. easily【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应该穿校服的几个原因。【1题
11、详解】考查固定短语。句意：学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。结合句意表示“属于”可知短语为belong to。故填to。【2题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当学校里每个学生都穿制服时，没有人需要担心时尚。have在主句中作谓语，根据上文wears可知用一般现在时，主语为不定代词nobody，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has。【3题详解】考查固定短语。句意：每个人都穿同样款式的衣服。结合句意表示“同样”短语为the same。the表示特指。故填the。【4题详解】考查副词。句意：当孩子们在天黑的早晨步行或骑自行车上学时，司机很容易就能看到他们。修饰动词see应用副词easily，作状语。
12、故填easily。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We must have water to live. _5_the water we use is clean and fresh, it will make us ill. The animals living in and around lakes and rivers must also have clean water. Our rivers and lakes supply most of our water. The clear, blue water found by the first Ame
13、rican _6_ (settler) has changed. Till now many of our water sources have been polluted. They are filled with dirt and waste _7_ cannot be cleaned out. In many places, water is not safe for us to use.【答案】5. Unless 6. settlers 7. which /that【解析】这是一篇说明文。该短文介绍了清洁的水对人类和动物的重要性，以及水的污染对人类的影响。【5题详解】考查连词。句意：除
14、非我们使用的水是干净和新鲜的，否则它会使我们生病。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入意为“除非，如果不”意义的连词。故填Unless。【6题详解】考查名词。句意：第一批美国定居者发现的清澈湛蓝的海水已经发生了变化。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入名词形式作主语，settler是可数名词，应填复数形式。故填settlers。【7题详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：它们充满了无法清除的污垢和废物。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰dirt and waste，指物，先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填which/that。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
15、正确形式。In 1863, the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It _8_(run) for just under seven kilometers and allowed people _9_(avoid) terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. It _10_(build) using an interesting method. This included digging up t
16、he road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.【答案】8. ran 9. to avoid 10. was built【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一条地铁的情况，介绍了其通车时间和修建情况。【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意：它全长不到7公里，让人们在上下班途中避开了地面道路上的拥挤人群。结合上文In 1863可知描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填ran。【9
17、题详解】考查固定短语。句意：它全长不到7公里，让人们在上下班途中避开了地面道路上的拥挤人群。短语allow sb. to do sth.，表“允许某人做某事”。故填to avoid。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：它是用一种有趣的方法建造的。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故填was built。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。It was my first year teaching in
18、 a special needs class, and I wasnt sure what to expect at our yearly Special Olympics sports meeting. My _11_ had some challenges, from learning disabilities to cerebral palsy（大脑性麻痹）.Mark was one with the latter. Restricted to a _12_, he had to fight his spasms （抽筋） just to control his movements. _
19、13_, he always had a positive attitude and greeted everyone with a huge smile.His classmates _14_ him and always took the time to make sure he was included in group activities, especially Mike, Andy and Lucas, three boys who were good at _15_ Obviously, Mark wanted to be like them, unrestricted by t
20、he limitation of his _16_ and watching them moving on the playing field seemed to fill him with _17_When the day came, Mike, Andy and Lucas _18_ well in their sports events, and gave the normally calm audience something to cheer about. Mark sat in his wheelchair on the sidelines, _19_ them on.The fi
21、nal event of the day was the 400 meter race. _20_ was invited to either walk or run, according to their ability, around the _21_ length of the track.When Mike, Andy and Lucas reached the finish line, they _22_ and turned to look behind them. At the _23_ of the crowd, determined not to be left behind
22、, was Mark. All his classmates had _24_ him. He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to _25_Mike, Andy and Lucas looked at each other, and a silent _26_ passed between them. Slowly, they jogged _27_ towards their friend, cheering him on _28_ he had done for them moments before.The
23、 progress was _29_, but in the end the three star runners and Mark crossed the finish line together to the enthusiastic cries of their teachers and classmates. Seeing the look on Marks face as he crossed the finish line, hands upraised and laughing, I came to understand what _30_ the Special Olympic
24、s, and the determined athletes who compete, so extraordinary.Years later, Im still cheering them on.11. A. partnersB. friendsC. studentsD. classmates12. A. bedB. machineC. wheelchairD. desk13 A. SoB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Therefore14. A. protectedB. satisfiedC. respectedD. loved15. A. sportsB. pract
25、iceC. studiesD. expression16. A. interestsB. bodyC. habitsD. mind17. A. wonderB. trustC. stressD. reset18. A. trainedB. playedC. operatedD. prepared19. A. bringingB. holdingC. cheeringD. moving20. A. SomeoneB. NobodyC. AnybodyD. Everyone21. A. entireB. differentC. averageD. equal22. A. fellB. paused
26、C. rushedD. rested23. A. centerB. frontC. endD. top24. A. leftB. ignoredC. passedD. helped25. A. continueB. jogC. walkD. cover26. A. demandB. thoughtC. actionD. relief27. A. backB. alongC. againD. on28. A. whileB. althoughC. sinceD. as29. A. boringB. greatC. slowD. relaxing30. A. leavesB. findsC. ke
27、epsD. makes【答案】11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的得了大脑性麻痹症的学生很渴望像其他的学生一样，但是他尽管身体的残疾但是非常的乐观，在运动会上其他的同学陪伴着他跑完了全程。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的学生们有一些挑战，从学习障碍到脑瘫。A.partners合作者 ；B.friends朋友 ；C.students 学生；D. cl
28、assmates同学 。结合上下文可知作者是老师，在特殊奥运会上，应该是他的学生遇到一些挑战。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：限制在一个轮椅,他抗击痉挛来控制自己的活动。A.bed 床 ；B. machine机器；C. wheelchair 轮椅；D. desk桌子。根据“Mark was one with the latter.”得知，马克患有大脑麻痹症，他的身体受到轮椅的束缚。故选C。【13题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他总是有一个积极的态度，以一个巨大的微笑迎接每个人。A.So因此，所以。B. However然而。C. Otherwise否则。D. Therefore因此
29、。根据“he had to fight his spasms （抽筋） just to control his movements. ”得知开始，他不得不和身体的抽搐做斗争以便控制自己的行动，但是，他总是有一个积极的态度，这里表转折。故选B。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的同学很爱他，总是花时间帮助他，确保他能够参加小组活动。A. protected 受保护的 。B. satisfied 使满意的。 C. respected 尊敬的。D. loved热爱的 。根据“and always took the time to make sure he was included in gro
30、up activities”得知，他的同学很爱他。故选D。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈克，安迪和卢卡斯三个男生都擅长运动。A. sports 运动；B. practice练习；C. studies学习；D. expression表达。根据“yearly Special Olympics sports meeting.”得知，这篇文章讲的参加运动会，故可知这里的三个男生都擅长运动。故选A。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，马克想要像他们一样，不受自己身体的限制，看着他们在赛场上移动，他似乎充满了惊奇。A. interests 兴趣；B. body身体；C. habits习惯
31、；D. mind想法。根据“he had to fight his spasms （抽筋） just to control his movements.”很显然，马克想和那三个男生一样，不受身体的限制。故选B。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，马克想要像他们一样，不受自己身体的限制，看着他们在赛场上移动，他似乎充满了惊奇。A. wonder惊奇； B. trust信任；C. stress 压力；D. reset设置，清零。根据“Mark wanted to be like them, unrestricted by the limitation ”得知，马克看着他们在运动场上运动，内
32、心充满了惊奇。选A。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯在他们的项目上做的非常好，引得观众们瞬间欢呼起来。A. trained训练； B. played 参加竞赛；C. operated 操作；D. prepared准备。 根据“Mark sat in his wheelchair on the sidelines, ”麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯参加了比赛项目。选B。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克坐在边线上，也和他们一起欢呼。A. bringing带来；B. holding持有；C. cheering 欢呼；D. moving移动。根据“ gave the norm
33、ally calm audience something to cheer about.”：马克坐在边线上，也和观众们一起欢呼。故选C。【20题详解】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：最后一个项目是400米赛跑，每个人都被邀请尽他们自己的努力，在整个跑道上行走或者跑步。A. Someone有人；B. Nobody无人；C. Anybody 任何人；D. Everyone每个人； 根据“ according to their ability,”，每个人都被邀请去走或者跑步。选D。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一个项目是400米赛跑，每个人都被邀请尽他们自己的努力，在整个跑道上行走或者跑步
34、。A.entire整个； B.different不同； C.average 平均；D. equal平等。根据“The final event of the day was the 400 meter race.”，每个人都被邀请在整个跑道上行走或者跑步。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯到达终点线的时候，他们停下来，转过身去看看他们后面的人。A.fell掉下；B.paused 暂停； C.rushed急忙 ；D. rested休息。 根据“and turned to look behind them”得知，当麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯到达终点线的时候，他们停下来。选
35、B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人群的末端，是马克，他也决心不落后。A.center中间；B. front 前面；C. end末端；D. top顶部。根据“He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to ”可知，在人群的末端，是马克。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的同学都超过了他。A. left离开；B. ignored忽略；C. passed通过；D. helped帮助。根据“He was alone on the track with over half the distance l
36、eft to ”得知，所有的同学都超过了他。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克一个人在跑道上完成他剩下的距离。A. continue 继续； B. jog 慢跑；C. walk步行； D. cover覆盖，走完。 根据“He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to ”得知，马克一个人在跑道上完成他剩下的距离，由于马克是坐在轮椅上，故排除B,C。cover a distance行走一段距离，固定结构，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯互相看了看，他们默认了一个相同的想法。
37、A. demand要求； B. thought想法；C. action行动；D. relief救济。 根据“Slowly, they jogged 17 towards their friend,”得知，麦克，安迪还有卢卡斯他们默认了一个相同的想法。故选B。【27题详解】考查词义辨析词义辨析。句意：他们向他们的朋友马克跑去。A. back 后面；B. along沿着；C. again再次；D. on继续。根据“He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to”得知，他们向他们的朋友马克跑去，马克在他们的身后，应该是向后跑
38、去。故选A。【28题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们为马克加油，正如马克之前为他们加油一样。A. while当时候 ；B. although 尽管；C. since自从，因为； D. as正如。根据“he had done for them moments before.”得知，像马克之前为他们加油一样。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：进展缓慢，但最后三位明星选手和马克在老师和同学的热烈呼喊下一起冲过了终点线。A. boring令人厌烦的；B. great 伟大的；C. slow缓慢的；D. relaxing放松的。根据前文，马克是坐在轮椅上，所以他们的进度是慢的。故选C。【
39、30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到马克跨过终点线时脸上的表情，举手大笑，我明白了什么是残奥会，以及那些顽强拼搏的运动员们，如此非凡。A. leaves离开；B. finds发现；C. keeps保持；D. makes制作，促成。结合第一段，通过这件事情，“我”明白了什么是残疾人奥运会。make表示“使成为”。what引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作主语。这里作者理解了什么促成了奥运会，故选D。 第三部分：阅读理解（共三节，40分）第一节 （共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。APastime is a b
40、i-monthly magazine for curious young minds. Many of the topics we write about wont be covered in the classroom. All the articles are written in a lively style, and each one is paired with drawings by some of the countrys most talented artists. History focuses on archaeological (考古的) sites around the
41、 world where archaeologists work to unearth important finds. World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places. Sport includes nutrition tips, information about up-and-coming young athletes, and sports events. Art stimulates a childs cultural li
42、fe, from film to theatre through to writing and music.On top of all that, Pastime is packed with items to stimulate a youngsters imagination, including pages of puzzles and a step-by-step guide to creating their own impressive-looking drawings.In every issue, we review the latest books top authors w
43、rite for youngsters. There are also short works of fiction written especially for Pastime by some of our best writers.We know that children at this age are dealing with many emotions and sometimes difficult feelings, so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and m
44、oral problems.Unlike many of todays throwaway comics, Pastime is written and designed to be kept and treasured. We know children love going online but we also know how much they enjoy holding a printed magazine in their hands, and the excitement they get when each new issue drops through the letterb
45、ox personally addressed to them.SubscriptionPastime is published six times a year. An annual subscription costs just 20 and makes a great gift for any child aged eight to twelve.To order by phone: Dial 1-800-821-0156 and use Offer Code WEBSAVE86 for print-only subscriptions.You can cancel at any tim
46、e for magazines that havent shipped yet.31. If a reader is interested in festivals, he can read _.A. HistoryB. WorldC. SportD. Art32. What does the magazine provide?A. Photos of talented artists.B. Stories created by children.C. Suggestions on readers problems.D. Book reviews written by students.33.
47、 For subscription, one needs to know that the magazine _.A. offers electronic copiesB. costs 20 for each copyC. is for kindergarten childrenD. is published every two months【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D【解析】【分析】本文为一则广告。消遣是一本两个月一期的杂志，专为好奇的年轻人而设。文章介绍了这款杂志的特色和订阅方式。【31题详解】推理判断题。festival是指生活中值得纪念的重要日子，是世界人民为适应生产和生
48、活的需要而共同创造的一种民俗文化。根据文章中World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places.（世界包括关于日常生活、民间故事以及人民和地方的历史和传统的故事。）可知，如果一个读者对节日感兴趣，他可以阅读“世界”模块。故B选项正确。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中的We know that children at this age are dealing with many emotions and sometimes diffic
49、ult feelings, so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and moral problems.（我们知道这个年龄段的孩子会处理很多情绪，有时会处理一些困难的情绪，所以我们有个人的建议页面来回答一些个人问题和道德问题。）可知，这本杂志对读者的问题提出建议。故C选项正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据Subscription部分的Pastime is published six times a year.可知，这款杂志两个月出版一期。故D选项正确。【点睛】细节事实理解题主
50、要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第3小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干For subscription, one needs to know that
51、the magazine _（为了订阅，人们需要知道这本杂志_），其关键词是subscription，从而直接定位到Subscription部分Pastime is published six times a year. An annual subscription costs just 20 and makes a great gift for any child aged eight to twelve.for print-only subscriptions.（消遣每年出版六次。年度订阅费用只是20，是一个送给任何八到十二岁孩子的很棒的礼物纯印刷订阅。）再结合各选项可知，只有D项与原文相
52、符。故D选项正确。BSome teens are disapproving of compulsory BMI (body mass index) （身体质量指数） checks in PE classes. Do BMI checks at school do more harm than good? Two teens take sides.Maya Meade, a high school freshman in Ohio, says yes. “I understand that schools want to weigh students because they are conce
53、rned about their physical health. Thats not a bad thing! But what about their mental health? For many students, appearance and self-image are huge sources of stress. Forcing teens to be weighed at school will only increase the pressure they feel to fit a certain mold (模子)”, says Maya.In Mayas opinio
54、n, weight is a personal matter that should stay between a doctor and a patient. She says, “Just imagine someone who struggles with body image being told that his or her BMI is too high as classmates look on! Even if other kids cant hear, no student wants to feel judged by his or her teacher. Thats n
55、ot why we go to school.”Maya thinks if a school wants to have an impact on a students physical health, there are better ways to do it, such as providing healthy but filling meals, encouraging physical activity and teaching students about nutrition.Ben Bagbek, a second-year student in a high school i
56、n New York, holds a different opinion. “There is no reason why a school should not be allowed to weigh its students and teach them how to calculate BMI! Obesity (肥胖症) is a huge public health concern in our country. And schools are in a position to help students understand what their weight means to
57、their health - before theyre at risk of life-threatening conditions.”“A schools job is to help students reach their full potential, and your health undoubtedly plays a role in your academic performance. BMI is not a perfect measurement, but it can help you identify the need for healthier eating habi
58、ts or more physical activity.” says Ben.The bottom line is: When you feel good, you learn better. As long as the actual number on the scale stays private, it should be viewed as an important part of your health education.34. What are the two teens debating?A. Whether students are enjoying PE classes
59、.B. Whether schools are body-shaming students.C. Whether students should pay attention to weight.D. Whether schools should help students lose weight.35. According to Maya, what will BMI checks bring to students?A Healthy diets.B. Emotional stress.C. Fierce competition.D. Positive self-awareness.36.
60、What does Maya think of weight?A. Its private.B. Its important.C. Its hard to lose.D. Its not a big deal.37. Which of the following may Ben agree with?A. Most school students are overweight.B. BMI checks are of little help to students.C. Schools have the right to weigh students.D. Its not schools du
61、ty to help students keep fit.【答案】34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。对于体育课上教师是否可以测量学生体重这一问题，两个学生给出了不同的意见。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Some teens are disapproving of compulsory BMI (body mass index) （身体质量指数） checks in PE classes. Do BMI checks at school do more harm than good? Two teens take sides.”（一些青少年反对在
62、体育课上强制进行体重指数检查。在学校检查身体质量指数弊大于利吗？两个青少年表明了立场。）第二段中“Forcing teens to be weighed at school will only increase the pressure they feel to fit a certain mold (模子)”, says Maya.”（Maya 说：“强迫青少年在学校称体重只会增加他们为适应某种模式而感到的压力。）倒数第二段中“A schools job is to help students reach their full potential, and your health undou
63、btedly plays a role in your academic performance. BMI is not a perfect measurement, but it can help you identify the need for healthier eating habits or more physical activity.” says Ben.”（Ben说：“学校的工作就是帮助学生发挥他们的全部潜能，你的健康无疑对你的学习成绩起着重要作用。身体质量指数并不是一个完美的衡量标准，但它可以帮助你确定是否需要更健康的饮食习惯或更多的体育活动。”）可知，两位青少年就学校测量
64、学生体重是否会对学生不利展开讨论。选项B和文意保持一致。故选B。2.细节理解题。由第二段中“ Forcing teens to be weighed at school will only increase the pressure they feel to fit a certain mold (模子)”, says Maya.”（Maya 说：“强迫青少年在学校称体重只会增加他们为适应某种模式而感到的压力。” ）可知，Maya认为学校测量学生体重会给学生带来心理压力。选项B与文意一致。 故选B。3. 细节理解题。由第三段中的“In Mayas opinion, weight is a pe
65、rsonal matter that should stay between a doctor and a patient. （在 Maya 看来，体重是医生和病人之间的私人问题。）可知，Maya认为体重是个人隐私。选项A与文意一致。故选A。4.推理判断题。由第五段中的“There is no reason why a school should not be allowed to weigh its students and teach them how to calculate BMI!”（没有理由不允许学校给学生称体重，并教学生如何计算体重指数）可知，Ben 认为学校有权测量学生体重。选
66、项C与文意一致。故选C。CAccording to a new study， teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They track
67、ed the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed ， participants learned which symb
68、ols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward， but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were
69、told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice， while teens did not appear to take this information into account.“From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways，
70、 something that might be relevant to education, said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group.
71、 Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices.To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations （模拟）applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple m
72、odel, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no ou
73、tcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study sugg
74、ests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value, ” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”38. It can be learned from the study that .A. adults made choices
75、 faster than teensB. adults understood rewards better than teensC. teens reacted better to reward than punishmentD. teens were aware of the outcome of each choice39. What do we know about the three computational models?A. They reflected peoples strong desire for punishment avoidance.B. They gave cir
76、cumstances different degrees of consideration.C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.D. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.40. The underlined word “receptive in the last paragraph probably means .A. accustomedB. opposedC. sympatheticD. responsive41. According to the
77、writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?A. “If you insist on doing things in this way， you will lose ten points. B. “If we had talked about this earlier， you wouldnt have made the mistake. C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time， you will get an extra bonusD. “If you
78、 want to approach a problem differently ， you can talk to your parents. 【答案】38. C 39. B 40. D 41. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”可知，这个研究表明青少年们对于同样意义的回
79、报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好，C项切题。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with e
80、qual weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking.”可知第一个是简单模型，从回报中了解到的。第二个增加了一些从未被选的选择中了解的部分。第三个模型是完全考虑到了惩罚避免和追求回报的等量关系，这部分语境意在表示研究者给了环境不同程度的考虑。B项切题。故选B项。【40题详解】词义推测题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”，研究表明青少年们对
81、于同样意义的回报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好。A. accustomed习惯；B. opposed相反；C. sympathetic同情的；D. responsive反应积极的。结合句子结构分析和翻译语境可知， D项切合题意。故选D项。41题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读全文可知，本文主旨介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。C项意为“如果你提前交作业，你会得到额外奖励”，符合原文关于青少年们关注回报的表述。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最
82、佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why You Should Schedule Some “Me Time” Every DayMost people in our culture feel the need to be going all the time. If we are not working and putting our energy into something, we believe we are wasting time. We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste. And to some extent, its truepu
83、shing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success. _42_ Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time-out have very real health and psychological effects, such as headaches, heart attacks, depression and poor concentration.So, the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to
84、avoid these negative consequences of not doing so. _43_ Specifically, taking some “me” time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions. If you live with someone, like a spouse, children, or even a pet, they may not understand your need to take “me” time but they certainly wi
85、ll appreciate the way your mood has improved. Contrary to this, the lack of time to yourself can cause you to build up anger that can harm both you and your relationships._44_ So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day, even if its divided, just for yourself. If you ha
86、ve to, set the alarm, schedule it on the calendar, or put it on your “to-do” list for the day. Whatever you have to do, make it happen every day. It can be as simple as sitting on the deck, reading a book, and watching the sun come up with a hot cup of coffee. In addition to that, setting boundaries
87、 is important. _45_ Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re-energizes you. It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions. _46_ You come to realize that you are important and deserve
88、 to have a little time to yourself. If you engage in something you enjoy during your time-out, you also have the satisfaction of reading that book, or writing that poem. But be careful that you use your “me” time for leisurely activities and dont push yourself to complete anything. Simply enjoy the
89、time out.A. Taking “me” time benefits those around you as well.B. Actually it is not that difficult to find a little “me” time.C. Taking “me” time also builds your self-worth over time.D. It might seem easy to schedule a little “me” time, but often it isnt.E. Realize that there are limits to what yo
90、u can do, and build your life around that.F. But more than that, “me” time can make you a better person both inside and out.G. However, going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end.【答案】42. G 43. F 44. D 45. E 46. C【解析】本文为应用文。文章说明了在生活中，除了工作以外，我们需要留时间给自己休息，避免不休息带来的消极后果，以及我们
91、可以利用休息时间让自己恢复活力，逐渐建立自我价值。【42题详解】上文“We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste. And to some extent, its truepushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success.（我们觉得把时间留给自己是一种浪费。在某种程度上，这是真的不停地逼迫自己可能会带来某种程度的成功）”说明了我们觉得自己要不断地努力工作；G选项“However, going for long periods without time for yourself ma
92、y cost you in the end.（然而，如果长时间没有自己的时间，最终可能会让你付出代价）”与上文为转折关系，表示如果继续不留时间给自己休息，会导致什么样的结果；后文“Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time-out have very real health and psychological effects, such as headaches, heart attacks, depression and poor concentration.（压力和无法享受短暂的休息对健康和心理都有很大的影响，比如头痛、心脏病、抑郁和注意
93、力不集中）”说明了不留时间给自己休息所带来的后果，是对G选项的补充说明。故选G项。【43题详解】上文“So, the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so.（所以，花点时间休息一下的最大原因是为了避免不休息带来的消极后果）”说明了花时间休息的原因；F选项“But more than that, “me” time can make you a better person both inside and out.（但
94、更重要的是，“自我”时间可以让你从内到外都成为一个更好的人）”起到对上文的顺承作用，进一步说明了休息的更重要的另一个原因；下文“Specifically, taking some “me” time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions.（具体地说，花一些“自我”时间可以帮助你避免坏情绪，让你能够控制自己的情绪）”说明了拥有“自我”时间的好处，对F选项起到了解释说明作用。故选F选项。【44题详解】D选项“It might seem easy to schedule a little “me” ti
95、me, but often it isnt.（安排一点属于自己的时间似乎很容易，但往往不是这样）”说明了给自己安排时间不容易，与下文构成因果关系（表示因果关系的单词So为标志）；下文“So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day, even if its divided, just for yourself.（所以你必须允许自己每天至少花半小时的时间，即使是分开的，也要只花给自己）” 说明了给自己留时间的方法，对D选项提到的给自己安排时间不容易提供了解决方法：必须允许自己至少留半个小时，即使是
96、零碎的时间也可以。故选D项。【45题详解】上文“In addition to that, setting boundaries is important.（除此之外，设定界限也很重要）”说明了界限的重要性；E选项“Realize that there are limits to what you can do, and build your life around that.（你要意识到你能做的事情是有限的，然后围绕这一点来建立你的生活）”中“there are limits to what you can do”与上文的“boundaries”意义相近，都提到了界限，与上文呼应；同时E选项与
97、下文“Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.（同时也要意识到你需要限制别人对你时间的要求）”也相呼应，同样提及界限；E选项起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。【46题详解】上文“Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re-energizes you. It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions.（给自己留点时间可以让自己
98、恢复活力。它能让你思考得更清楚，做出更好的决定）”说明了给自己留时间的好处；C选项“Taking “me” time also builds your self-worth over time.（利用“自我”时间也能逐渐建立你的自我价值）”也说明了给自己留时间的好处（句中的“also”呼应上文），能够逐渐建立自己的自我价值；下文“If you engage in something you enjoy during your time-out, you also have the satisfaction of reading that book, or writing that poem.
99、But be careful that you use your “me” time for leisurely activities and dont push yourself to complete anything.（如果你在空闲时间从事一些你喜欢的事情，你也会从读那本书或写那首诗中获得满足。但是要注意，你要把你的“自我”时间用于休闲活动，不要强迫自己完成任何事情）”对C选项起到承接作用，说明了自我价值的建立应该做一些休闲，让自己享受时光的事情。故选C项。第三节（共3小题；共8分）阅读短文，回答问题。Ansel Adams was a famous photographer known
100、 for capturing the magnificent beauty of western landscapes in his photographs. Born in San Francisco, California, on February 20, 1902, Adams attended school until the eighth grade. He was then taught at home by his father and several tutors. Adams took an early interest in music, teaching himself
101、to play the piano and later studying with a professor. He was incredibly talented, and, for a long time, he considered a career as a professional musician.In 1916, Adams vacationed with his family in Yosemite National Park in California. Armed with a camera, a gift from his parents, Adams took pictu
102、res of the beautiful scenery in the park. The trip to Yosemite and the pictures he took introduced Adams to the beauty of nature and the outdoors. He continued to visit Yosemite once a year. He documented the wonderful wilderness that surrounded him. In 1919, Adams joined the Sierra Club, an organiz
103、ation dedicated to enjoying and preserving forests in the Pacific region, specifically in the Sierra Nevada. Adams later went on to serve as president of the organization.Adams continued his music studies, taking pictures only as a hobby. After publishing two books of his photographs, however, Adams
104、 decided to focus on a career in photography. In 1920, Adams met photographer Paul Strand. Adams admired Strands pictures for their clear, sharp images, which contrasted to the softer type popular at that time.In 1937, Adams moved to the Yosemite Valley. Using Strands “straight-photography”, Adams b
105、egan publishing books of his beautiful pictures including Illustrated Guide to Yosemite Valley and Yosemite and the High Sierra. The more time Adams spent surrounded by the beauty of Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada, the more concerned he became with the environment. He felt strongly about preserving
106、the wilderness. In his years with the Sierra Club, he spoke often about conservation and preservation.Adams died on April 22, 1984, but his incredible photographs are still admired today. Shortly after his death, Congress designated (指定) more than 229,000 acres of land as the Ansel Adams Wilderness
107、Area and the mountain in his beloved Yosemite Valley was named after him a year later.47. Why did Adams consider musician as his career early in his life?48. What was Adams concerned greatly about in his years with the Sierra Club?49. What can you learn from the story and what makes you think so?【答案
108、】47. Because he took an early interest in music and was incredible talented for music. 48. The preservation of the environment. 49. open【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国著名摄影师Ansel Adams的个人经历、作品和贡献。【47题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Adams took an early interest in music, teaching himself to play the piano and later studying w
109、ith a professor. He was incredibly talented, and, for a long time, he considered a career as a professional musician.(亚当斯很早就对音乐产生了兴趣，自学弹钢琴，后来师从一位教授。他非常有才华，在很长一段时间里，他把职业音乐家作为自己的职业)”可知，亚当斯认为音乐家是他生命早期的事业，是因为他很早就对音乐感兴趣，而且在音乐方面有惊人的天赋。故答案为Because he took an early interest in music and was incredible talen
110、ted for music.。【48题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“The more time Adams spent surrounded by the beauty of Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada, the more concerned he became with the environment. He felt strongly about preserving the wilderness. In his years with the Sierra Club, he spoke often about conservation and pr
111、eservation.(亚当斯在约塞米蒂国家公园和内华达山脉的美景中度过的时间越长，他就越关心环境问题。他强烈主张保护荒野。在塞拉俱乐部的这些年里，他经常谈论保护问题)”可知，亚当斯在塞拉俱乐部时最关心的是保护环境。故答案为The preservation of the environment.。【49题详解】本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。第四部分：单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）50. I called Jane to r_ her that the conference scheduled to be held on Tuesday had been cancelled. （根据
112、首字母单词拼写）【答案】remind【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我给简打电话提醒她，原定于周二举行的会议已取消。根据句意和单词的首字母r可知，使用动词remind（提醒）符合句意的需要，此处动词不定式to remind作目的状语。故填remind。51. The teaching and living conditions in Guizhou Province were more _ （富有挑战的）than he had thought. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】challenging【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：贵州的教学和生活条件比他想象的更有挑战性。根据
113、汉语提示以及上文的were，设空处需填入-ing结尾的形容词形式作表语，故说明事物conditions的特征，故填challenging。52. The life of Hellen Keller has i_ thousands of people around the world to be optimistic about life. （根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】inspired【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：海伦凯勒的生活激励了全世界成千上万的人对生活保持乐观。根据单词首字母以及句意“激励”，可知应填动词inspire，作谓语。结合上文has可知为现在完成时，应填过去分词。故填i
114、nspired。53. He has such a happy family that his house is always full of _ (笑声). (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】laughter【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他拥有一个幸福的家庭以至于他的房子中总是充满笑声。根据单词的词义“笑声”可知，使用名词laughter作介词of的宾语，它在句子中作不可数名词使用，无需变复数。故填laughter。54. His parents are putting p_ on him to get into one of the top universities, which
115、makes him quite stressed. （根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】pressure【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他的父母给他施加压力，要他考上顶尖的大学，这使他压力很大。根据单词首字母以及句意“压力”，可知应填名词pressure，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填pressure。第五部分：完成句子，每空一词（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）55. 最后，她所有的努力都得到了回报她终于通过了考试。All her hard work _ _ in the end and she finally passed the exam.【答案】 (1). paid (2). off【解析
116、】【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意“得到回报”可知短语为pay off，结合后文passed可知描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且与主语work是主动关系。故填paid；off。56. 随着历史的演变，所有物种都适应了气候变化。Species have _ _ climate changes throughout history.【答案】 (1). adapted (2). to【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意，设空处需填入意为“适应”的短语adapt to，与主语Species是主动关系，又根据空前的have以及时间状语throughout history可知，应用
117、adapt的过去分词形式与have共同构成现在完成时。故填adapted to。57. 正在遭受健康问题折磨的病人们也担心药物带来的长期影响。The patients who are _ _ health problems also fear the long-term effects of medication.【答案】 (1). suffering (2). from【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意中的“遭受”的提示，使用短语suffer from，再由“正在”和are可知，该短语使用现在进行时。故填sufferingfrom。58. 我觉得我用不到钱，但以防万一，我还是带些
118、吧。I dont think Ill need any money, but Ill bring some just _ _.【答案】 (1). in (2). case【解析】【详解】考查连词。根据中文句子，该句缺少“in case 以防万一”意义；in case在句中引导条件状语从句，后面省略了I need it （it为前文提到的money）。故填 in case。59. 因为她还未成年，她的父母仍然应为她的安全负责。Because she was under age, her parents were still _ _ her safety.【答案】 (1). responsible
119、 (2). for【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。结合句意“为负责”可知短语为be responsible for。were是系动词，接形容词responsible作表语，构成系表结构。故填responsible；for。第六部分：写作表达 （共15分）60. 假设你是红星中学高-(1)班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请你根据以下信息回信。1多跟同学交流沟通；2积极参加学校活动；3向老师寻求帮助。注意：1.词数：100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。Dear Chris, You
120、rs ,Li Hua【答案】Dear Tony,I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful.First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. In this way, you will get to kno
121、w each other better. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teach
122、ers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions.I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you. If there is anything more I can do to help, please let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Chris写封邮件，针对如何尽快融入新环境提供建议。详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总
123、说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1多跟同学交流沟通；2积极参加学校活动；3向老师寻求帮助。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）having trouble fitting in ； communicate with ； as much as possible；In this way；take part in； involve teamwork and interactions with other students ；faced with ； consider asking ；who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions；
124、be of some help 第三步：连词成句1.First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. 2.In this way, you will get to know each other better. 3.Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other
125、students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. 4.Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：/First,Second, Lastly2.表并列补充关系：What is mo
126、re, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including（供参考）3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat （供参考）4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a resul
127、t （供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】【高分句型1】In this way, you will get to know each other better. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships.在这个句子which 引导非限制性定语从句。【高分句型2】Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions.这个句子运用非谓语动词faced with .,还运用who引导定语从句；
