1、Section Grammar语法指南 1.动名词作主语(1)动名词直接作主语表示抽象的概念,通常置于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。Getting up early is a good habit.早起是一种好习惯。(2)置于后面,用 it 作形式主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后,这样的句型有:It+be+a waste of time doing.做是浪费时间It is/was no good/use/harm doing.做是没有好处/没用/没坏处注意:import
2、ant,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is no good learning without practice.只学习而不实践是不好的。语法指南(3)用于“there be”结构中,这样的句型有:theres no sense in doing.做没意义theres no use doing.做无用there is/was no
3、point doing 做无意义There was no sense in quarrelling with her about it.和她争吵那事没意义。语法指南 2.动名词作宾语(1)作动词的宾语后接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语有advise,admit,appreciate,consider,mind,suggest,fancy,avoid,deny,imagine,finish,excuse,enjoy,resist,risk,tolerate,quit,allow,forbid,miss,cant help,cant stand 等。Have you finished cleanin
4、g the classroom?你打扫完教室了吗?The girl couldnt help crying at the bad news.那个女孩儿听到这个不幸的消息禁不住哭了。语法指南(2)作介词的宾语常见的短语有 devote.to,get down to,object to,see to,pay attention to,succeed in,stick to,set about,think about/of,lead to,take to,be good at,insist on,feel like,be aware of 等。The doctor devoted all his l
5、ife to finding a cure for cancer.那个医生一生致力于找到治愈癌症的方法。All the new evidence led to his being arrested.所有这些新证据导致他被逮捕。(3)用在形容词后The book is well worth reading once more.这本书值得再读一次。We are busy preparing for the coming test.我们忙于准备将要到来的考试。语法指南(4)动名词和动词不定式作宾语,意义差别不大的有hate,like,prefer,begin,start,continue 等。Pri
6、ce will continue to rise/rising.物价将持续上涨。(5)动名词和动词不定式作宾语,但意义差别较大的有:stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.努力/企图要做某事try doing sth.试着做某事(看会发生什么)remember doing sth.记得做了某事remember to do sth.记住要去做某事语法指南 forget doing sth.忘记做了某事forget to do sth.忘记要
7、去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 go on to do sth.继续做(另外一件事)go on doing sth.继续做(原来没有做完的事)I remember to mail the letter but forget to buy the stamp.我记得要去寄信可忘了去买邮票。When the teacher came in,she stopped reading aloud,and he stopped to ask why she did so.当老师进来时她停止了大声朗读,老师停下来问她为何这样做。语法指
8、南(6)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be doneThis small room needs painting.(=This small room needs to be painted.)这个小房间需要粉刷了。The sick woman required examining.(=The sick woman required to be examined.)这个生病的妇女需要接受检查。语法指南 3.动名词的复合结构(1)带有逻辑主语
9、的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。He suggested our setting off in no time.他建议我们马上动身。语法指南(2)在口语中,如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?Marys(不可用 Mary)being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了,这使她妈妈很着急。His(不可用 Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟,这使他家人非常生气。(3)there be 的动名词的复合结构为 there being。Whats the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大?
