1、专题六 史地常识型阅读理解 专题六 史地常识型阅读理解 专题导读专题六 专题导读 史地常识类文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：1选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件。2命题：以细节题为主，有一定量的推断题。3知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类：1排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。专题六 专
2、题导读 2图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文字锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解)。3数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。4表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，作出选择。5同义转换题。6代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。真题典例专题六 真题典例 2011安徽卷 Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail
3、 a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources(来源),as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s,when armies returned from the Middle East with knowled
4、ge of using wind power.专题六 真题典例 For many centuries,people used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights
5、 and radio.However,by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States,windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s，people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also 专题六 真题典例
6、 realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then,wind was rediscovered,though it means higher costs.Today,there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.()1.From the text we know that windmills _.Awere invented by European armies Bh
7、ave a history of more than 2,800 years Cused to supply power to radio in remote areas Dhave rarely been used since electricity was discovered 专题六 真题典例 ()2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?ASailing a boat.BProducing electricity.CGrinding wheat into flour.DPumping water from
8、underground.()3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that _.Awind power is cleaner Bit is one of the oldest power sources Cit was cheaper to create energy from wind Dthe supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs 专题六 真题典例 ()4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragra
9、ph that follows?AThe advantages of wind power.BThe design of wind power plants.CThe worldwide movement to save energy.DThe global trend towards producing power from wind.专题六 真题典例 【解析】本文是关于风车的起源及历史的一篇文章。主要论及在不同时期风车的作用。1C 细节理解题。从第二段When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in rem
10、ote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.可知“风车在偏远的地区曾用来发电，人们可以照明和听广播”。2B 细节理解题。从第二段第二句When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.可知在19世纪末期，人们开始用风车来发电。专题六 真题典例 3
11、A 细节理解题。从文章最后一段前两句可知“人们从20世纪70年代开始关注烧煤和天然气来发电产生的空气污染，而且煤和天然气不会持久。”尽管风能发电成本高，但是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电。4D 推理判断题。从文章最后一句可知作者下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势。新题预测专题六 新题预测 (一)There are several ski hills that can be found locally,and not so locally.Heres a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be
12、unfamiliar with the local options for skiing.Sunshine Village Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.Of all the hills in Alberta,Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown.Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past.Adults pay$76.5,Seniors$61.5,
13、and Children only pay$26.5.At present,they have a snow base of 107 cm.The terrain(地形)is a mix of both easy and hard runs.专题六 新题预测 Lake Louise Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of skiable terrain.It has the best balance of easy to difficult runs,and it gets snow of 93 c
14、m right now.Adults pay$75.5,Seniors pay 54.5,and Children pay$24.5.Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access back country skiing.Mount Norquay Mount Norquay is located across the TransCanada highway from the town of Banff.It has less challenging terrain than either Suns
15、hine or Lake Louise.However,it is also a very economic decision,专题六 新题预测 and it is the only ski hill in the region that offers hourly rates and night skiing on Fridays.All in all this is a great hill to go and spend an afternoon or early evening,or to go and practice a few turns on before hitting up
16、 the bigger resorts later on in the season.Nakiska While it will be opening shortly,Nakiska is currently only open to the public on the weekends.Nakiska typically has less snow than the other resorts located a bit deeper in the mountains.Currently,they have a base of 71cm.The terrain at Nakiska is v
17、aried,but slants more towards the easy side.Its the best 专题六 新题预测 place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.Tickets are relatively cheap.Adults pay$64.5,Seniors pay$51.5,and Children only pay$19.5.Canada Olympic Park CO.P.was built for the 1988 Winter
18、 Olympics;it is a world class facility for almost every winter sport.It has facilities not only for skiing,but also for all kinds of other activities.It has a snow base of 102cm,but it isnt the primary focus.With tickets starting at$5 and capping at$39,it is very inexpensive.专题六 新题预测 ()1.What can we
19、 know about Sunshine Village?A.It is a ski hill in Europe.B.Its snow is the thickest of the five.C.It is only suitable for ski beginners.D.Its ticket prices are getting higher.()2.What does the underlined word“renown”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Good attraction.BPlace of interest.C.Prize or reward.DFame or
20、 reputation.专题六 新题预测 ()3.Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of lots of other sports games besides skiing?A.Sunshine Village.BLake Louise.C.Canada Olympic Park.DNakiska.()4.How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children to skiing in the best family place?A.168 d
21、ollars.B103.5 dollars.C.209 dollars.D129.5 dollars.专题六 新题预测 ()5.The passage is mainly to_.A.recommend several famous travel sites B.tell us the places hes been to for winter sports C.introduce some good places for skiing D.advertise his local tourist attractions 专题六 新题预测 【解析】本文主要介绍五处滑雪胜地。1B 细节理解题。根据
22、At present,they have a snow base of 107 cm.可判断选B，因为比较其他四处地方的雪的厚度可知，其余各地的雪均没有这么厚。2D 词义猜测题。根据Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.可判断此地久负盛名，即在国际上都有名气，由此可判断选D。3C 细节理解题。根据It has facilities not only for skiing,but also for all kinds of other activities.可判断选C。专题六 新题预测 4A 细节理解题。根据Its the
23、 best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.可知“Nakiska”是最适合一家人去滑雪的地方，此处的收费标准是Adults pay$64.5,Seniors pay$51.5,and Children only pay$19.5。两个成人收费129美元，两个小孩收费39美元，合计收费168美元，故选A。5C 主旨大意题。根据全文第一段可知，全文旨在介绍几处滑雪胜地，故选C。专题六 新题预测 (二)More than 200 scientists
24、have completed a twoyear study to identify the most natural and undeveloped areas on the Earth.Their findings are reported in a new book called Wilderness：Earths Last Wild Places.The book describes 37 wilderness areas around the world.Each has an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers.The study
25、considered only areas where at least 70%of all plants are native.North and South America are home to the largest number of wilderness areas.There are 16 such areas,from southern Argentina to Alaska and northern Canada.专题六 新题预测 Africa has 8 wilderness areas,including the thick forests and the grassla
26、nds.Australia and New Guinea(几内亚)share 6 areas.Europe has 3 areas and Asia has 2.The Arabian Desert and Antarctica also are considered wilderness areas.The largest wilderness area is the Boreal Forest(北方森林).It extends for 16 million square kilometers south of the Arctic Circle.The Boreal Forest exte
27、nds across Alaska,Canada,northern Europe and Russia.The smallest of the 37 wilderness areas is the Sundarbans.It is the worlds largest tidal mangrove forest(红树林).It covers 10,000 square kilometers of land at the mouth of the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh(孟加拉国).专题六 新题预测 The study found that wi
28、lderness areas cover about 46%of the Earths land surface.However,they are home to less than 2.5%of the worlds population.Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.Native people usually live in these areas.Wilderness areas help to influence the worlds weath
29、er systems and rainfall.They are also home to many plants and animals.Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7%of all such areas have some form of official protection.专题六 新题预测 ()1.What does the author think of the wilderness areas aro
30、und the world in the book?APrimitive.BPermanent.CPrecious.DPerfect.()2.The writer describes the wilderness areas to show that they _.Aare worth the public support Bcan attract readers attention Cneed to be stressed as resources Dare seen on every continent 专题六 新题预测 ()3.According to the 4th paragraph
31、,we can draw a conclusion that the 37 wilderness areas are _.Adeserted Bcrowded Cuncontrolled Dundeveloped ()4.As the result of the effect on nature,the wilderness areas on the Earth should be _.Athought more of by the governments Bexplored as natural habitats very soon Cfurther made full use of at
32、present Ddiscovered for their advantages of nature ()5.The purpose of writing this text is to tell us _of the wilderness areas around the world.Athe importance Bthe situation Cthe development Dthe environment 专题六 新题预测 【解析】本文旨在介绍荒野之地的基本分布及其意义。1C 推理判断题。根据最后两段所介绍的“wilderness areas”的作用(人类居住、动植物的家园、影响气候与
33、降雨)可推断作者认为“wilderness areas”是珍贵的，故选C。2C 推理判断题。全文介绍完了荒野之地在世界上的大致分布情况之后，指出它们是动植物的家园，也影响气候与降雨，由此可判断作者认为它们应该被作为一种资源去重视，从而得到保护，故选C。3D 推理判断题。根据第四段Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.可判断选D。专题六 新题预测 4A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7%of all such areas have some form of official protection.可判断选A。5B 主旨大意题。全文重点介绍“wilderness areas”在世界上的主要分布情况，由此判断选B。
