1、突破语法大冲关UNIT 4 Exploring poetry非谓语动词作补语、定语和状语观察例句 1I heard her sing an English song just now.2He left，leaving me to do all the rest work.3Have you read the novel written by Dickens?4They went there to visit their teacher.5Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.归纳用法 一、非谓语动词作补语
2、1感官动词 see，watch，observe，look at，notice,hear，listen to等和使役动词 have(let/make)后面的宾补有三种形式，即动词原形(不带 to 的不定式)、动词ing 形式和动词-ed 形式。动词-ing 形式表主动或正在进行，动词ed 形式表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成的全过程。如：I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。I heard the English song sung many time
3、s.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。2注意在主动语态中用不带 to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上 to。3不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表完成和状态。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(状态)我低头看我的脖子，发现我的项链不见了。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(完成)我惊讶地发现我的家乡变化很大。4leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义是“使处于某种状态”。如：Its wrong of you to leave
4、 the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动，正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didnt taste delicious.客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。(被动，完成)We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动，将来)二、非谓语动词作定语 1不定式作定语(1)被修饰的名词或代词就是不定式的逻辑主语，在时间上一般表将
5、来动作：通常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no，all，any 等限定的中心词，以及不定代词。如：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我在假期里借了一些书看。He is the best man to do the job.他是最适合做这个工作的人。另外，常用来修饰抽象名词。常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time 等。如：Do you have the ability to read and writ
6、e English?你有读写英语的能力吗？I have a chance to go sight seeing.我有一个去观光的机会。注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需搭配相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有个舒适的房子住着。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词与该不定式是被动关系时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式 to send
7、的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)2动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作定语(1)动词-ing 形式作定语表示主动的正在发生的事，动词-ed 形式作定语表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。I have never seen a more moving movie.我从未看过比这更感人的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建造的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.碎
8、玻璃是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：v.ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：falling leaves 正在落下的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子 boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)三、非谓语动词作状语 1不定式作状语 He sat down to have a rest.(表目的)他坐下来休息。He woke up only/just to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果)在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am very gla
9、d to see you.我非常高兴地见到你。在带有 enough 或 too 的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。2动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作状语(1)动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing the news，they got excited.听到这个消息，他们非常兴奋。(时间)Be careful while/when crossing the street.过马路的时候要小
10、心。(时间)即学即练 单句语法填空 He walked out of the house，_(follow)by his pet dog._(dress)in white，she looks really pretty._(see)the picture，I couldnt help thinking of the good old days.Dont forget _(lock)the door when you leave.Deeply _(move)by the story，she began to cry.followed Dressed Seeing to lock moved.单句
11、语法填空 1_(give)another chance，youll do it better.2Unless _(invite)to speak，you should keep silent.3Although tired out，they didnt stop _(have)a rest.4He cooked the dinner in the kitchen，_(sing)cheerfully to himself.Given invited to have singing 5In order to realize the unification across the strait，we
12、should work hard _(seek)a peaceful means.6They told me that they had seen two deer _(drink)by the river side.7We arrived there in a hurry only _(find)they had already set off.to seek drinking to find 8Not _(know)how to solve this problem，I turned to my father for help.9I had a long talk with Xiao Wa
13、ng，_(encourage)him to conquer the difficulties in his studies.10The girl _(dance)with that tall man lives near my house.knowing encouraging dancing.短文语法填空 A cook was caught 1._(smoke)red-handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit on road immediately.2._ so many staff looking at him，he felt
14、very 3._(embarrass)His colleagues found 4._ right for him 5._(punish)，because the lighted cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant 6._(catch)fire.The cook begged the owner to give him 7._ last chance.The owner eventually had him apologize and got him 8._(fine)The cook was allowed 9._(remain)Now，he is seen 10._(mop)the floors hard.smoking With embarrassed it to be punished to catch the fined to remain mopping 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
