1、Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger Using language语法精讲深化学习动名词作主语(-ing as subject)非谓语动词用法思维导图【情境探究】观察上面对话并完成句子。1._takes a long time.学好画画需要很长时间。2._keeps us healthy.做运动使我们保持健康。3._are very important for language learning.说和听对语言学习非常重要。4.It is a waste of time _.和他讨论这些问题就是浪费时间。5.It is no good _.吃太多的甜食没有好处。Learni
2、ng to paint wellDoing exerciseSpeaking and listeningdiscussing such matters with himeating too much sweet food【要义详析】一、动名词的特点1.既有动词的特征,也有名词的特征;2.动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,其否定形式为“not+动名词”;3.动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,但不能作谓语。二、动名词的时态语态语态形式类别时态形式主动被动一般式doingbeing donev.-ing 完成式having donehaving been done三、动名词作主语的几种情况1
3、.动名词作主语通常表示一般性、习惯性的动作,且谓语动词一般用单数。*Spending too much time on your computer is harmful to your health.在电脑上花太多的时间对你的健康有害。*Doing is better than wishing.干比空想好。*Many parents hold the view that expanding childrens horizons is the major goalfor them,while improving language skills and experiencing independe
4、nce are alsopopular.许多父母认为拓宽孩子的视野对他们来说是主要目标,而提高语言技能、体验独立性也很受欢迎。2.动名词作主语,且主语较长时,为了平衡句子结构,通常用it 作形式主语。常见句式:*It is a waste of time arguing with him about such matters.跟他争论这样的事是浪费时间的。*It is no good eating too much sweet food.吃太多的甜食没有好处。*Its no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.不能爱
5、哪行才干哪行,要干哪行爱哪行。3.动名词用于“There be”结构中。例如:*There is no saying when hell come.他什么时候来还很难说。*There is no telling what will happen.谁也不知道会发生什么事。4.动名词用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:*No smoking.(禁止吸烟)*No parking.(禁止停车)*No talking.(禁止交谈)5.动名词的复合结构作主语。动名词的复合结构在句中作主语,当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词所有格或形容词性物主代词,构成动名词的复合结构。例如:*Their c
6、oming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是莫大的鼓励。*Students knowing English well helps them in learning French.学生们学好英语对学习法语很有帮助。6.动名词的否定形式直接在动名词前面+not*Not making enough preparations in advance usually causes a lot of trouble.不提前做好准备会带来很多的问题。*Not being invited to his friends birthday party
7、 made him upset.没有被邀请参加朋友的生日聚会让他很难过。动名词作主语,如果主语只有一个动作时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。*Washing the car makes him dirty.洗车使他浑身很脏。四、动名词与不定式作主语的异同点1.动名词和不定式作主语的相同点(1)不定式和动名词作主语时,常常是为了保持句子的平衡,用it来作形式主语。如:*It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。*It is no use asking him for help.求他帮忙也没用。(2)如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;如果主
8、语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:*To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.眼见为实。*It is better to stay at home than to go out.待在家里比出去更好。2.动名词和不定式作主语的不同点(1)不定式作主语往往表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:*Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.无论对于年轻人还是老年人,散步都不失为一种好的运动方式。*To finish the work
9、 in a week is impossible.在一周之内完成这项任务是不可能的。(2)在there/it is no use/good/help/.的句式中常用动名词作主语,而少用不定式。如:*It/There is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。*It/There is no help taking this medicine.吃这种药没用。但如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:*There is no good for us to do that exercise.做那个练习对我们没什么好处。(3)不定式可以和
10、when,how,where,what,whether等连用,在句中作主语、宾语和表语,而动名词则不能。*How to solve the problem is a hot potato.如何解决这个问题是很棘手的事。*Where to put the box seems hard to decide.把箱子放在哪里好像很难决定。*Whether to do it hasnt been decided.要不要做这件事还没决定呢。*What to do next is up to you.接下来要做什么取决于你。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)_(go)to Hangzhou by train ta
11、kes about 10 hours from here.(2)It is a waste of time _(try)persuading such a person.(3)It is no use _(complain)without taking any action.(4)Planning so far ahead _(make)no sense-so many things will have changedby next year.(5)_(get)up early in the morning is a good habit,which will benefit us a lot
12、.(6)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.GoingtryingcomplainingmakesGettingis【语法主题应用】语法填空 Do you like travelling?1._(stay)healthy while 2._(travel)canhelp to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.When travelling abroad,youcan make full use of the following t
13、ips which can make your trip much easier.Its necessary for you 3._(get)a signed passport and visa.Also,beforeyou go,fill in the emergency information page of your passport!Make two copiesof your passport identification page.This will help you a lot if your passport is4._(steal).Leaving one copy at h
14、ome with friends or relatives 5._(be)agood idea.Stayingtravellingto getstolenisRead the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan6._(visit).Get yourself 7._(inform)of local laws and customs ofthe countries to which you are travelling.Dont accept the packages 8._(give)to you
15、by strangers.Its no use9._(take)too much money or unnecessary credit cards.10._(make)enough preparations in advance can help you succeed in travelling.to visitinformedgiventakingMaking主题活动话题实践.话题词汇1.the Olympic Games 奥运会2.win a gold medal获得金牌3.break the record打破纪录4.win the championship获得冠军5.the most
16、 valuable player最有价值球员6.inspire a lot of people激励着许多人7.a sport role model体育榜样8.an anniversary ceremony周年庆典9.honor remarkable sports people表彰杰出的体育工作者10.sporting spirit体育精神.情境交流A:Im sorry to hear that Kobe Bryant was killed in the air crash.B:Me,too.Kobe is my favorite basketball player and he is also
17、 1._(体育榜样).A:Yes,what he achieved in his life 2._(激励着许多人)todo better and better.When did he 3._(获得他的第一个冠军)?a sport rolemodelinspired a lot of peoplewin his first championshipB:He won his first championship in 2000.In all,he won 5 championships.A:How many times did he win 4._(最有价值球员)?B:He was an 18-t
18、ime NBAAll-star and he got the AMVP four times.A:Whats his highest score in a single game?B:He once scored 81 points at a single game in 2006 so he was nicknamed Mr 81.A:In a word,he left a deep impression on us and he will be remembered foreverfor his 5._(体育精神).the most valuable playersporting spir
19、it.话题句式1.I think the award should be given to those who have won more gold medals.我认为这个奖应该给那些获得金牌更多的人。2.Are you serious?你是认真的吗?3.I mean that sporting spirit is more important than gold medals.我的意思是体育精神比金牌更重要。4.Besides,he is the oldest disabled person to reach the summit.另外,他是登顶的年龄最大的残疾人。5.I dont thi
20、nk he deserves the award.我认为他不应该得到这个奖项。.情境交流A:How many Chinese people have won the Laureus World Sports Awards?B:Four.A:Who are they?B:They are Yao Ming,Li Na,Liu Xiang and Xia Boyu.A:Xia Boyu?1._(你是认真的吗)?B:Yes.Dont you think he 2._(应该得到这个奖)?Are you seriousdeserves the awardA:I dont think so.I think
21、 the award 3._(应该奖给那些获得更多金牌的人).B:I dont agree with you.I mean sporting spirit is more important than gold medals.He is 4._(登顶的年龄最大的残疾人).Besides,his spirit of self-improvement and perseverance 5._(赢得尊重)people all over the world.So I think he well deserves the award.A:What you said is very reasonable.I agree with you.should be given to those who have wonmore gold medalsthe oldest disabled person to reach the summitwon the respectof
