1、备战2021年高考英语语法之形容词、副词讲与练(一)(一)形容词和副词概述形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上,许多副词带有后缀ly。考查重点是:(1)考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法。(2)考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。(3)考查比较级、最高级的注意点:同类事物进行比较。将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较,因为主语只能和
2、他人或他物相比,而不能和自己相比。使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内,否则离开这个范围,主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。(4)考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型:from bad toworse/worse and worse(每况愈下);more and more(越来越多的,越来越);the+比较级,the+比较级(越越)。(5)考查asas同级比较句型。(6)考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有:much,a 1ot,even,still,a bit,a little等。(7)考查易混形容词与副词的区别(二)基础知识梳理1形容词的用法和位置1)形容词作表语,表明
3、主语的性质和特征,放在连系动词之后。如:Computers are very useful in our everyday lifeLeaves turn yellow in autumn2)形容词作定语,修饰名词或不定代词,通常放在名词之前,不定代词之后。如:This is an unhealthy dietThere is nothing important in todays newspaper3)形容词作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,与其构成复合宾语。如:You should keep your classroom clean and tidyI found it difficult to
4、 get on well with the manager2副词的用法和位置1)副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义,副词可分为下列六大类:(1)时间副词。常用的有:ago,before,now,then,soon,already,yet等。(2)地点副词。常用的有:here,there,up,down,above,below,inside,outside等。(3)疑问副词。常见的有:where,when,why,how等。(4)程度副词。常见的有:very,much,so,too,quite,enough等。(5)方式副词。多由“形容词+ly
5、”后缀构成。如:carefully,quickly,easily,quietly等。(6)频度副词。常用的有:always,often,sometimes,usually,hardly,never等。2)副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如:Its snowing heavily outside(状语,修饰动词)I have never heard such a beautiful voice(状语,修饰动词)unluckily, he failed in thisphysicsexam again(状语,修饰整个句子)He was too excited to say a wor
6、d(状语,修饰形容词)Class is over(表语)The weather here is different from that of Singapore(定语)3)程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前,但enough则要放在后面。如:It was much more freezing today than yesterdayHe ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with himWe got up early enough to catch the first bus4)频度副词通常位于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词和情态动词之后,但一般不放在句
7、末。如:I have never been late for classYou must always work like that5)几个副词同时出现时,其顺序一般为:方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。巩固练习1.“We must keep _ in the library.” the woman said _ to me.A. quiet;quietly B. quietly;quietly C.quietly;quiet D. quiet;quiet2.This kind of T-shirt looks _ and sells _.A. nice well B. nice
8、good C. wellwell D. good nice3.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening4.There is _ interesting in Channel 7. Try others.A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything5.I cant get anything on TV. There must be _with it.A. wrong somethin
9、g B. wrong nothing C. something wrong D. nothing wrong6.None of the students watched the experiment _, did they?A. careful enough B. carefully enough C. enough careful D. enough carefully7.A: “Has your mother come back home?”B: “_.”A. Not yet B. Not already C. Not still D. Not ever8.There was a _ ta
10、lk between the two leaders last week.A. friend B. friendship C. friendly D. really9_ the temperature is, _ water turns into steam.A. The high the fast B. Higher. fasterC. The more higher the faster D. The higher., the faster10.We can do the job better with _ money and _ people.A. lessless B. fewer.
11、fewer C. less fewer D. fewerless11.Linda has received _ that she is unable to get a job.A. such little education B. so little educationC. a such little education D. a so little education12.He eats _ food, but he is _ fat.A. much too too much B. much tootoo manyC. too muchmuch too D. too much.many to
12、o13.Many students think foreign languages are _science subjects.A. more difficult asB.less difficult thanC. much difficult than D.so difficult as14.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges15.It is _to travel by plane than
13、by ship.A. a lot more excited B. much excitingC. a lot more exciting D. much more excited答案解析:1.【解析】本题是考查形容词和副词的用法区别。第一句中的keep是连系动词,其后应该加上形容词quiet作表语;而第二句中的谓语是动词said,应选用副词quietly修饰该动词,故本题答案为A。另外,常见的连系动词还有be,become,,get,turn,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem。2.【解析】本题答案为A。句中looks是连系动词,后接nice构成系表结构。而sel
14、l well是固定词组,意为“畅销”。3.【解析】答案是A。句子中谓语动词keep的后面跟着一个复合宾语,即宾语his eyes和宾补open。这里open是形容词在句中作宾语补足语。4&5.【解析】形容词在修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody等时,要放在这些不定代词的后面。因此上述两道题的答案分别为4B,5C。6.【解析】very, so, too等程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前。但enough要后置。因此,可以首先排除选项C和D。另外,因为careful是形容词,不能修饰谓语动词watched,所以本题的答
15、案是B。7.【解析】答案是A。already和yet这两个副词常用于完成时态中。already用于肯定句中,意思是“已经”。yet用于疑问句和否定句中,在疑问句中译为“已经”,在否定句中意思是“还”。本题中因为是否定回答,所以应选用not yet。8.【解析】这里talk是一个名词,之前应选择形容词作定语。而friend是名词,“朋友”。friendship也是名词,意为“友谊”。really则是一个副词,均不符合题意。所以本题的正确答案是C,意思是“友好的谈话”。在英语中有一些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如:lively,lovely,lonely,silly等。9.【解析】答案是D
16、。“温度越高,水变成水蒸气的速度就越快。”这里要用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,故要排除A和B。而答案C中higher已经是比较级,其前不能再加more。10.【解析】本题答案为C。因为money是不可数名词,不能用few(er)来修饰,所以排除B和D。而people是一个复数名词,不能用little( less,least)修饰。11.【解析】如果复数名词的前面有many或few,而不可数名词前有much或little等表示数量的形容词时,应该用so而不是such来修饰。此外,这里的education为不可数名词,所以C和D应当排除。本题的答案是B。12.【解析】答案是C。这里mu
17、ch too中的much只起到加强语气的作用,它仍表示“太”之意,much too用于修饰形容词或副词。而too much则表示数量太多之意,用来修饰或替代不可数名词。13.【解析】本题答案是B。在四个选项中,more as和muchthan都是错误的搭配,因此排除A、C两项。同时因为句中结构是肯定句,也不能用so. as,所以排除D。14.【解析】答案是C。one of.”表示“之一”的意思,常用形容词的最高级表示,且后面跟名词的复数形式,其结构为“one of+最高级+名词复数”。如:one of the greatest inventors,one of the most famous restaurants。15.【解析】因为这是一个比较句型,所以先排除答案B。此外,由过去分词转变而来的形容词,如:excited,interested,frightened,surprised等,其主语为“人”。而由现在分词而来的形容词,如:exciting,interesting,frightening,surprising等,其主语为事物。在本题中to travel by plane是句子的真正主语,所以应当选用exciting,a lot用于修饰这个比较级。本题的正确答案是C。5