1、2021届高三阅读专项拆分训练细节理解类【4】What can we learn 题型训练【1】Cancer is cured?In May 2014, the Mayo Clinic published a study in which they treated a 50-year-old female patients blood cancer with the measles vaccine (麻疹疫苗). After receiving the vaccine, Stacy Erholtzs body is completely free of cancer.Stephen Russe
2、ll, who led the research, said, Its a landmark. Weve known for a long time that we can introduce a virus into the blood and destroy cancer in mice. Nobodys shown that you can do that in people before. The measles vaccine will not work for all types of cancer, but is an unbelievable step forward.What
3、 can we learn about the Mayo Clinics study?A. Blood cancer is very easy to cure.B.All kinds of cancer will be cured soon.C.Medical experiments on people are not allowed.D.The research is a breakthrough in cancer treatment.【答案】D【解析】 根据第二段中The measles vaccine. but is an unbelievable step forward.可知，麻疹
4、疫苗不会对所有的癌症都有效，但是是一个伟大的进步。故选D。【2】 In a second experiment, the researchers surveyed pairs who had just met in a college classroom setting, and then surveyed the same pairs later. There was no change in beliefs over time suggesting that if couples go into a relationship hoping to change the opinions of
5、 the other it is unlikely to work. Prof Bahns from Wellesly College said. Though the idea that partners influence each other is central in relationships research, we have identified a large domain (范围) in which friends show very little changepersonality, attitudes and values, and a selection of soci
6、allyrelevant behaviors. Anything that disrupts (扰乱) the harmony of the relationshipsuch as areas of disagreement, especially on attitudes, values. or preferences that are importantis likely to persist. Change is difficult and unlikely; its easier to select people who are compatible (和睦相处的) with your
7、 needs and goals from the beginning.Which proverb can be used to describe the result of the research?A.Like father; like son.B.Birds of a feather flock together.C.Love me, love my dog.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed【答案】B【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的its easier to select people who are compatible with your
8、needs and goals from the beginning.可知，尽管人们试图改变他人，但实际上能改变别人的地方很少。人们从一开始就更倾向于选择和志同道合的人交朋友。B选项“物以类聚，人以群分”符合题意。故选B。【3】 In February 1807, President Jefferson organized an expedition (远征) for the American Philosophical Society (APS). The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones and l
9、ong teeth that had been found along the Ohio River valley for more than 100 years. The French and British explorers who had first discovered these bones had sent most of them back to their countries. Many believed they were from a mammoth (猛犸象), similar to the frozen animal bones found in Siberia.Wh
10、at can we learn about the American Philosophical Society?A. Its aim was to protect animals.B.It was set up by President Jefferson.C.Its members were interested in science.D.It was close to the Ohio River valley.【答案】C【解析】 细节理解题。根据本段的The members of the Society were especially interested in the bones.m
11、ore than 100 years.可知，美国哲学学会的成员对科学感兴趣。故选C。【4】 . In a second experiment, the researchers surveyed pairs who had just met in a college classroom setting, and then surveyed the same pairs later. There was no change in beliefs over time suggesting that if couples go into a relationship hoping to change
12、the opinions of the other it is unlikely to work. Prof Bahns from Wellesly College said. Though the idea that partners influence each other is central in relationships research, we have identified a large domain (范围) in which friends show very little changepersonality, attitudes and values. and a se
13、lection of sociallyrelevant behaviors. Anything that disrupts (扰乱) the harmony of the relationshipsuch as areas of disagreement, especially on attitudes, values or preferences that are importantis likely to persist. Change is difficult and unlikely; its easier to select people who are compatible (和睦
14、相处的) with your needs and goals from the beginning.Which proverb can be used to describe the result of the research?A.Like father; like son.B.Birds of a feather flock together.C.Love me, love my dog.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.【答案】B【解析】 根据its easier to select people who are compatible (和睦相处
15、的) with your needs and goals from the beginning可知，人们从一开始就更倾向于选择和志同道合的人交朋友。B选项“物以类聚，人以群分”符合题意。故选B。【5】 The key difference between running and walking is how many calories you are burningnot per mile, but per minute of exercise, says Paul D. Thompson, a doctor at Hartford Hospital. Running is a more-ef
16、ficient (高效的) movement and its more demanding on the body, so it burns more calories per minute, Thompson says. But if youve got the time to walk long enough to burn the same amount of calories, then walking is fine. That is to say, if your final goal is to lose weight, chances are that neither runn
17、ing nor walking alone is going to do the trick. Research has shown that it needs to be done along with calorie control. In a recent study that analyzed data from nearly 50,000 people, researchers found that runners risk of heart disease was 4.5 percent lower than that of those who were inactive. But
18、 walkers who burned the same amount of calories daily had a risk level that was 9 percent lower than those who were inactive.What can we learn from the recent study?A. Running burns fewer calories than walking.B.Walkers are more likely to get heart disease than runners.C.Walking can reduce the risk
19、of having heart disease.D.Inactive people are free from heart problems.【答案】C【解析】 根据第二段中researchers found that runners risk of heart disease was 4.5 percent lower than that of those who were inactive. But walkers who burned the same amount of calories daily had a risk level that was 9 percent lower t
20、han those who were inactive.可知，研究人员发现，跑步者患心脏病的风险比不活动的人低4.5%，而每天消耗相同卡路里的走路者患心脏病的风险比不运动的人低1%。由此可知，走路可以降低患心脏病的风险。故选C。【6】 In the world of public health, important information can be hard to get. For example, we know children drive many infectious disease outbreaks (传染病爆发) and the risk of infection often
21、 becomes lower during school holidays. However, finding out how much children really change their behavior over time, and what effect it could have on outbreaks, is much more difficult. But what if the children themselves could help get the data (数据)? . Over the past few years weve worked with schoo
22、ls to survey pupils travel and social activities. Rather than depend on ourselves to run everything, weve instead encouraged pupils to help do the surveys, collect the data and study the results.What is special about the research project?A.It is the biggest of its kind.B.It was started by local scho
23、ols.C.It is supported by the parents of sick pupils.D.It is being carried out with the help of pupils.【答案】D【解析】 细节理解题。根据But what if the children themselves could help get the data?和Rather than depend on ourselves to run . the data and study the results可知，这个科研项目的特别之处在于，学生参与项目，帮助科学家开展研究。故选D。【7】 By now
24、 youve probably heard about Chris Ulmer, the 26-year-old teacher in Jacksonville, Florida, who starts his special education class by calling up each student individually to give them much admiration and a high-five (a gesture of greeting or congratulation). I couldnt help but be reminded of Syonas t
25、eacher and how she supports each kid in a very similar way. Ulmer recently shared a video of his teaching experience. I have seen their confidence and self-worth increase rapidly, he said. All I could think was: How lucky these students are to have such inspirational teachers.What can we learn about
26、 Chris Ulmer?A.He is Syonas favorite teacher.B.He praises his students one by one.C.He uses videos to teach his students.D.He asks his students to help each other.【答案】B【解析】 根据calling up each student individually to give them much admiration and a high-five可知，Ulmer老师表扬每一个学生。故选B。【8】 Dr. Mark Browne in
27、 Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers (微纤维) for 10 years now.He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers. Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing a
28、s an environmental solution. Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that hes had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Designhis research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on
29、 humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didnt get a satisfying answer. Only one womens clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.What can be inferred about Brownes Benign by Design research project?A. It has achieved great success.B. It hasnt got anything done.C. It is kn
30、own to very few people.D. It is facing some difficulties.【答案】D【解析】 根据第二段When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Designhis research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didnt get a satisfying answer. Only one womens clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.可知，Benign by Design项目的目的是尽力将对环境有害的服装撤离市场，只有一家公司对他的项目表示支持。这说明项目面临了一些困难。故选D。
