1、2021届高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（五）汉字的博大精深One of the oldest written languages in the world is the Chinese one. It is based on hieroglyphs (象形文字), each of (1)_ has a certain meaning. According to scientists, the Chinese writing language (2)_(form) 4,000-5,000 years ago.In ancient times, the Chinese used tortoi
2、se shells and animal bones for writing. Among other well-known material media of the ancient Chinese writing (3)_(be) bamboo and wooden plates. Later, when the Chinese invented paper, they wrote (4)_ paper scrolls (卷轴), and sometimes on silk materials.The Chinese writing language includes over 60,00
3、0 hieroglyphs. Chinese is the first among the (5)_(language) difficult to study. Today, China has two systems of writing language: (6)_ old and modern onesWenyan and Baihua. The latter is (7)_(great) enriched with new characters for words such as computer and mobile phone (8)_ (introduce) into daily
4、 life.One of the main parts of Chinese writing is calligraphythe art of writing of words. Calligraphy is a labor-consuming process that requires a lot of (9)_(patient). Calligraphy is not just writing; it is a unique pattern that requires harmony of movement and spirit. It has its own rules and laws
5、. Easy it may seem, but (10)_(become) a true master of calligraphy requires hard working for many years.考点积累 介词 + 关系词引导的定语从句介词 + 关系词引导的定语从句是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。v 基本构成：介词 + which（指物）/ whom（指人）例 The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 和你说话的那个人是个老师。例 The city in which she lives is very crow
6、ded. 她生活的城市非常拥挤。注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that / which（指物）；that / who / whom（指人）作介词的宾语。且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。例 The man (who / whom / that) you spoke to is a teacher.和你说话的那个人是个老师。例 The city (which / that) she lives in is very crowded.她生活的城市非常拥挤。注意：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放
7、在关系代词前面。但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for，look after，pay attention to，take care of，look forward to，listen to等：例This is the pen that / which you are looking for.这是你正在寻找的钢笔。v 关系副词when，where，why可用“介词 + which”来代替，如when = in / at / during + which；where = in / at / on / under + which; why = for + which
8、。例 This is the house in which I lived last year.这是我去年住的房子。例 I still remember the day on which I came here.我仍然记得我来这的那天。例 There are many reasons for which people like travelling.人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。v 关系代词前介词选择的原则：1. 根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择：例 I will never forget the day on which I came to this school.我永远也不会忘记我来这所
9、学校的那天。2. 根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择：例 This is the iPad on which I spent 3,000 yuan.这是我花了3000元买的iPad。3. 根据定语从句的意义来选择：例 This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。答案解析【主题语境】人与社会：社会、历史与文化物质和非物质文化遗产【解析】 which，考查定语从句引导词。此处先行词是hieroglyphs，为物，因此要用which。 was formed，考查动词的时态和语态。
10、根据上下文可以判断出时态为过去时，为单数概念且动词与主语构成动宾关系，故用was formed。 were，考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这是一个倒装句，主语bamboo and wooden plates是复数概念，因此用were。 on，考查介词。写在纸的卷轴上，因此用on。 languages，考查名词复数。among表示范围，故用复数形态。 the，考查冠词。文言和白话是汉字的两种形式，为特指。故用定冠词。 greatly，考查副词。此处用副词来修饰动词的被动语态。 introduced，考查非谓语动词。电脑和手机等新词是被引入到日常生活中使用的，故用introduced来表示被动及完成。
11、 patience，考查词性转换。此处需要名词作require的宾语，故用patience。 becoming，考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语作主语，表示成为一位真正的书法大师这件事情，故用becoming。【译文】 汉语是世界上最古老的书面语言之一。它是象形文字，每一笔都有其特定的含义。据科学家称，汉语大约形成于4000到5000年前。在古代，中国人在龟壳和兽骨上写字。其他众所周知的载体包括竹简和木简。后来，中国人发明了纸张，他们就在纸质的卷轴上写字，有时候也会在丝绸上写字。汉字有超过六万个字，是世界上最难学的语言。如今，汉语分化为两套体系，文言和白话。一个古代，一个现代。后者因为引入日常
12、生活中诸如电脑和手机等新词而极大地丰富了语言。汉语一个重要的部分就是书法，即书写的艺术。书法是个耗体力的过程，需要极大耐心。书法不仅仅是写字，它是独特的，有着自己独立的准则，追求神与形的统一。它看似简单，但要成为一个真正的书法大师需要多年的辛苦努力。课后练习（A）A bobcat amazingly survived a 50-mile journey while it was stuck in the grill(保护汽车散热器的金属格栅)of a Virginia womans car. The driver was heading1(work)at around 7a.m. when s
13、he2(hear)a strange soundbut she didnt stop. An hour3(late), she pulled into Virginia University and spotted the4(frighten)cat in the grill, according to the local station.Peter, a worker from Richmond Animal Care, rushed to5scene and was astonished to find the animal in good shape.“The cat was6(comp
14、lete)fine. Its unbelievable,”he told the station.“The only thing holding it up was a wire around its stomach and one plastic piece under its chest.”The cat“hissed”(发嘶嘶声)at Peter, so he calmed it and removed it7the car. Then he and other8(colleague)transported it to the animal center,9it was examined
15、 for injury.“The lucky cat suffered only one minor cut on10(it)back and it was just wonderful to know the cat made it through such a crazy situation,”Peter said.参考答案1.to work 2.heard 3.later 4.frightened 5.the pletely 7.from 8.colleagues 9.where 10.its（B）Around three in five people in the UK will fi
16、nd1necessary to care for an elderly or a disabled loved one at some point. This can be made much2(easy)by bearing in mind a few simple principles and pieces of advice.3(care)for an elderly loved one, most likely a parent,is never easy. It can cause great pain emotionally and4(physical)and the financ
17、ial challenges can sometimes seem difficult to deal with,too.Often one of the hardest things is striking a balance between your parents desire5(feel)independent and the need to ensure that they are safe and their health needs are being attended to. Sometimes this can create tensions and6(argue),only
18、 adding to the stress of an already difficult situation. It is important here to make them feel that they are being listened to and7you only have their best interests at heart.The same applies8financial issues. In order to cover the costs of their parents careincluding bills and medicinemany people
19、will investigate options such as selling the family home. The most important thing here is communicationit is vital to make sure that everyone involved,including other brothers and sisters,9(be)aware of whats being proposed and cooperates to find a solution10satisfies everybody.参考答案1.it 2.easier 3.Caring 4.physically 5.to feel 6.arguments7.that 8.to 9.is 10.that/which
