1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句(1)that,which,who,whom,whose引导的定语从句语法精讲思维构建【语法感知】观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成:1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose h
2、omes had been destroyed.【归纳填空】限制性定语从句的功能:修饰或限定主句中的某个_(先行词)名词或代词【语法精讲】一、定义 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。*(2020全国卷)Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。*Everyt
3、hing comes to him who waits.功夫不负有心人。2.非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。*(2020浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which wassurrounded by a high wire fence.饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地,营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。*The contest,whose theme is“China in my eyes”,wi
4、ll be held in the City Libraryon August 18th,2022.这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”,将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。二、定语从句中关系代词的用法1.who代替指人的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020 天津高考)“The great man,”said Mencius,“is he who does not lose hischilds heart.”孟子曰:“大人者,不失其赤子之心者也。”2.whom代替指人的先行词,在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。*You are a special teacher w
5、hom I will always remember with fond memories.你是一位很特别的老师,我将永远记住这些美好回忆。3.which代替指物的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020新高考全国卷)She wore a specially designed fat suit which increased herweight to 180 pounds.她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服,这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。4.that代替指人或指物的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。*(2020全国卷)She also said there
6、were likely a number of other genes that helpthe Bajau dive.她也说道,可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。5.whose代替指人或指物的先行词,在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为:whose+n.。*(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almostlifelike.在古代中国有一位艺术家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。6.as引导限制性定语从句时,它通常要与 such,as,the same 搭配,即构成such.as,the same.as,as/so.
7、as这样的固定搭配,同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。*I am glad to have the same medal as you have.我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。*A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.电脑很有用,我们每天都能用到。【易错精点】the same.that/as区别the same.that表示“同一个”(同一性)the same.as表示“类似的一个,而不是同一个”(相似性)*This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)*I ha
8、ve bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的,非同一个)【即学活用】选用适当的关系代词填空whom,who,that,as,which,whose(1)The story began with a young mother _ had three sons in a big city.(2)I will send you a Chinese-English book _ contains some knowledgeabout Chinese calligraphy.(3)He decided to make the same a
9、chievement _ his father did.(4)My favorite one is my Chinese teacher _ I met when I was in junior school.(5)I sat next to a girl _ name was Diana.whowhich/thataswhomwhose【知识延伸】关系代词的用法与分类依据1.根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;2.根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;3.根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定语。三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1.只用that而不用which 的情况(1)先行词有形
10、容词最高级修饰时*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made.这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。(2)先行词有序数词修饰时*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in China.这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。(3)先行词为all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none 等不定代词,或被不定代词修饰时*She listens attentively and tries to catch everything
11、 that the teacher says in class.她听得很专心,努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。(4)先行词既有人又有物时*We like talking about the people and things that we saw in the TV play.我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。(5)先行词前面有the very,the only,the last,the same等修饰时*Dad and Mom,my dream is the very one that you always have.爸爸,妈妈,我的梦想就是你们的梦想。(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中
12、作表语时*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。2.只用which 而不用that 的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时*(2020 全国卷)The first,which I take to reading every spring,is ErnestHemingways A Moveable Feast.我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特海明威的流动的盛宴。(2)在定语从句中,关系代词前有介词时*Our class participated in an English oral compe
13、tition,in which we came first.我们班参加了英语口语比赛,在比赛中我们获得了第一名。【知识延伸】强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的,区别在于强调句中that不充当成分,但不能被省略;而定语从句中that充当成分,并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)*He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语
14、从句)【即学活用】单句语法填空(1)There is nothing _ can stop him from going there.(2)You can take an active part in all kinds of activities,_ will help to make yourlife more interesting.(3)The first thing _ he noticed of her was her dark,long hair.(4)Experience is a school from _ one can never graduate.(5)But its
15、the man _ saved my life when I was facing a fire like that.thatwhichthatwhichwho/that.单句语法填空1.Since the old man has stopped breathing,there is little _ I can do for him.2.I get along well with the boy _ does well in maths.3.(2020全国卷)Thank you for your letter,_ really made me happy.4.Were collecting
16、money for those _ homes were destroyed by the earthquake.5.I really want to have the same phone _ you have bought.6.I visited the school yesterday _ was built fifty years ago.学情诊断课堂测评thatthat/whowhichwhoseasthat/which7.(2020全国卷)Do not follow the people _ make you feel not-good-enough.8.Yesterday was
17、 one of the coldest days _ I have ever known.9.There are a total of 1,000 workers in this company,two thirds of _ arewomen.10.I miss the teachers and the kindergarten _ my parents think highly of.whothatwhomthat.用定语从句合并两个句子1.I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music._2.Yesterday Emily wa
18、s wearing the new dress.I gave it to her._3.The students article was published.I know the student._4.Han Meimei is studying English very well.She has never been abroad._I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave her.I know the s
19、tudent whose article was published.Han Meimei,who has never been abroad,is studying English very well.5.My grandparents live in a house.It is more than 100 years old._6.The computer is too slow.I bought the computer four years ago._My grandparents live in a house which is more than 100 years old.The
20、 computer which/that I bought four years ago is too slow.7.The man created the famous university.The man never finished college._8.I have ever seen the film.It is the most interesting film._9.They talked about the people and the things.They remembered them in old days._10.The man laughed at you just
21、 now.Who is the man?_They talked about the people and the things that they remembered in old days.Who is the man that laughed at you just now?The man who/that created the famous university never finished college.It is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.【语法主题应用】用定语从句完成下列短文。The shopping m
22、all,1._(很多人喜欢它的环境),was on fire last week because the gas pipes 2._(使用太长时间的)cracked.Those 3._(正在里面购物的)were trapped.It was such a big fire that the world seemed as if it came to an end.Many goods 4._(正在销售的)were destroyed.This was thebiggest fire 5._(人们有史以来看到的).Luckily,thefirefighters 6._(收到紧急电话的)came atonce.They did all 7._(他们能做的)to put out the fire.To ourrelief,no one was injured or dead.whose environment many people enjoyedwhich/that were used toolongwho were shopping in itwhich/that were on salethat people had ever seenwho/that received the emergency callthat they could do
