1、ambassador ndescription n.political adj. victim n. voluntary adj. worthwhile adj. starvation n.AIDS n.boil vt.& vi. carpet n. wool n. fetch vt.export n& vt.& vi. remote adj. charity n. mountainous adj.poverty n. primitive adj.heating n. well n.container n. troublesome adj.wage n. commitment n.chaos
2、n. colleague n. assistant n& adj. vacant adj. muddy adj. damp adj. bacteria n. staff n.interpreter n. angle n.1(2020天津卷) Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.vi.导致2(2016全国卷)One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but y
3、oull need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.adj.受庇护的3(2016江苏卷).the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.v. 使变大；扩大单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的2acquire vt.购得；获得，得到3expand vt.&vi.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强4urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的5alternative adj.可供替代的n.可
4、供选择的事物用所给词的适当形式填空。1(2020全国卷) All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession(possess) of a valid ticket before boarding.2(2020全国卷) Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to_obtain(obtain) information about how the moon is construc
5、ted.”3(2020江苏卷) If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers(barrier)，I wouldnt be where I am.核心单词语境运用6possession n个人财产；拥有，具有7means n手段，方法8obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得9shelter n住所；藏身之处10barrier n障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物4.I have given the matter much thought，examining all the possible alternatives(alternative)5There ar
6、e many means(means) of recreation in which people engage in their leisure time.6I look on it as an opportunity to_acquire(acquire) fresh skills.派生单词语境运用1lack n& vt.缺乏lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的2add vt.&vi.添加；相加，求和；增加addition n增加；添加additional adj.附加的；另外的3equal adj.平等的；同等的 n同等的人；相等物 vt.与相同或相等equality n平等；同等eq
7、ually adv.相等地4contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致contribution n贡献；捐款；稿件contributor n贡献者；捐献者；投稿人5crowd n人群vi.&vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的6remind vt.提醒，使想起reminder n暗示；提醒人的事物用所给词的适当形式填空。1All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)2The vo
8、lunteers contributed much time to the project，Dr.Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.(contribute)3Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.Lack of nutrients makes the soil poor.(lack)4His generous donation filled our need for add
9、itional funds，and in addition，it encouraged more and more people to give a hand.(addition)5You reminded me of my deadline to hand in my paper.Thanks for your reminder.(remind)短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1in_addition 除以外(还)，此外2break_down 出故障；抛锚3think_back_to 回想4contribute.to.把捐献给5put_up 建造，搭起；张贴填入一个适当的词。 When I th
10、ink back to the voluntary experiences in the remote villages，I cant help feeling sorrowful for the villagers.Their health is breaking down because they work too hard.In addition，there is a shortage of running water，food and heating equipment.Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them
11、and the public also contribute money to them.6in_chaos 处于混乱状态7get_hold_of 得到；抓住8remind_somebody_of 让某人想起，提醒某人9make_a_difference 有作用(关系、影响)10stop_sb.from_doing_sth.阻止某人做某事填入一个适当的词。 The picture on the desk reminds me of the people in poverty.The surroundings they live in are in chaos，and they lack foo
12、d and education.Whats more，they cant get hold of enough funds to start their own business.In my opinion，if everyone could help the people in need，it will make a difference to their life.11refer_to 谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考12draw_someones_attention_to 使(某人)察觉到13under_the_umbrella_of 在的保护下，在的管理下14if_only 但愿填
13、入一个适当的词。 Zhang Ming is a young man who volunteers to teach children in remote villages.He writes an article referring to left behind children，which draws the publics attention to children whose lives are hard.Many kind citizens volunteer to take on the responsibility to help those children.If only t
14、hose children had a better life.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1.“sth.beadj.to do”句式This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.(2019全国卷)“中国不可能被忽略，”Hill说。“China_is_impossible_to_overlook，”says Hill.2.would rather that.意为“宁愿，希望”I would rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿我现在在北京，
15、这样我就会陪你去书店了。I would_rather_I_were_in_Beijing now，in which case I would accompany you to the bookstore.3.if only意为“但愿/要是就好了”If only there were more people donating money to charities！要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好。If_only_I_could_go_back and reset my goals.1lack n& vt.缺乏高考原句2020天津卷 Lack of talent and time is no
16、 reason for taking no action.(1)lack (for) sth.缺少某物(2)(a) lack ofn.缺乏for lack ofn.因缺乏(3)lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏lack the skills required for the job缺乏这项工作所要求的技能due to lack of support由于缺乏支持for lack of evidence由于缺乏证据be lacking in common sense缺乏常识基础练习单句语法填空More and more highrise bui
17、ldings have been built in big cities for lack of space.Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.Though Jack was lacking in experience，he made up for it in enthusiasm.链接写作一句多译他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。They lacked_the_skill to communicate with others，so they failed in the compet
18、ition.(lack vt.)They failed in the competition for_lack_of_the_skill to communicate with others.(lack n)Lacking_(for)_the_skill to communicate with others，they failed in the competition.(分词短语作状语) 名师点津 lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。2worthy adj.令
19、人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的(1)be worthy(2)worth adj.值钱；值得的 be worth(3)worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的值得做某事be worthy of attention/consideration/mention值得注意/思考/一提a worthy champion/winner当之无愧的冠军/获胜者be worthy值得体验基础练习单句语法填空He had shown himself to be worthy of their respect.The reference book is worthy to_be_bought(buy
20、)链接写作一句多译既然你对中国的传统文化感兴趣， 我认为这个节日是值得体验的。 Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think this festival is_worth_experiencing.(worth)Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think this festival is_worthy_to_be_experienced/is_worthy_of_being_experienced.(worthy)Since yo
21、u are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think it_is_worthwhile_experiencing/to_experience this festival.(worthwhile)3equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与相同或相等高考原句2020江苏卷 But not all senses of humor are created equal.(1)be equal to (doing) sth.(in.)(在方面)与 相等；能胜任equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某
22、事上比得过、敌得过某人/物without equal 无与伦比(2)equally adv.相等地equality n平等，同等be equal to the value of the goods与这些货物的价值相等be equal to him in patience在耐心方面与他相等equal rights for all citizens所有公民权利平等基础练习单句语法填空He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task，for no one equals him in the area.In other words，he is with
23、out equal.Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally(equal) respected.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations，big or small.链接写作一句多译尽管他和他们的身高相同，但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。They are of_the_same_height，but no one can be equal_to_him_in playing basketball.Thou
24、gh he is_equal_to_them_in_height，no one can equal_him_in playing basketball.名师点津表示“胜任”的其他常见表达：be up to；be fit for；be qualified for4contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致(1)contribute.to/towards.把 贡献给 ；向捐款；投稿contribute to促成，导致；有助于；是的原因之一(2)contribution n贡献；捐款；稿件make contributions/a contribution to/towa
25、rds (doing).对(做)做出贡献contribute $5,000 to the earthquake fund向地震基金捐款5 000美元contribute a number of articles to the magazine给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件contribute to his death是他死亡的原因之一make a major contribution to a charity给慈善事业一笔较大的捐款make very positive contributions to the project对这个项目做出了非常积极的贡献基础练习单句语法填空Doing small t
26、hings well contributes to building(build) up our confidence and helping(help) us meet bigger challenges in the future. Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to/towards the homeless people. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make som
27、e contributions(contribute) to the class.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will lead to the development of this area.(高级表达)There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will contribute/make_a_contribution_to the development of this area.名师点津contribute to
28、和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。5alternative adj.可供替代的n.可供选择的事物(1)an alternative to. 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地have no alternative but to fire John只好辞退约翰have an alternative solution to
29、 the problem有别的方法来解决这个问题基础练习单句语法填空If you dont like the school lunch，you will have the alternative of bringing your own.There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait(wait)At the beginning of the month，Tom and others were still looking for an alte
30、rnative to Mary.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)We can do nothing but take immediate action to stop pollution.(高级表达)We have_no_alternative/choice_but_to take immediate action to stop pollution.名师点津(1)the alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表同位关系。 (2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：do nothing but do sth.; have nothing to do but do st
31、h.; have no choice but to do sth.; can not choose but do sth.; cant do sth.but do sth.。其中but之前有实义动词do的某种形式(does，did，done)时，but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。6possession n个人财产；拥有，具有(1)sb.be in possession of sth.某人拥有某物sth.be in the possession of sb.某物为某人所拥有take/have possession of 拥有；占领，夺取(2)possess vt.(使)占有，(使)拥有；支配(
32、不用于进行时)be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等)be in possession of some information掌握一些信息take possession of his soul占据了他的灵魂be possessed of powers of concentration有专注能力基础练习单句语法填空Although he doesnt possess much money，he is_possessed(possess) of good health.We cant take/have possession(possess) of the house until
33、all the papers have been signed.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)As far as I know，a young man will have the big company after the old general manager retires. (高级表达)As far as I know，a young man will possess/be_in_possession_ of/take_possession_of the big company after the old general manager retires.(高级表达)As far as I
34、know，the big company will be_in_the_possession_of a young man after the old general manager retires.名师点津in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被占有”。7means n手段，方法(1)a means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径means of production/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)by means
35、of用，依靠；通过by all means无论如何；当然可以(口语)by no means决不；无论如何都不(位于句首，句子要倒装)an effective means of communication一种有效的通讯手段some means of contacting him和他取得联系的方法基础练习单句语法填空Every possible means has_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.All possible means have_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.There is no doubt that
36、 the mobile phone is an important means of communication.Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.(高级表达)By no means is_the_problem as simple as we first thought.名师点津当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语若
37、有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。8shelter n住所；藏身之处高考原句2020新高考全国卷The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.(1)take/seek shelter (from)躲避()under the shelter of 在的庇护下give shelter to 庇护(2)shelter/protect/preserve.from.保
38、 护免于need food，clothing and shelter需要食品、衣服和住处find shelter for the night找个过夜的地方take shelter from the rain/wind躲避雨/风基础练习单句语法填空We planted many trees to shelter the houses from the wind.Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd was gathered for a brunch.The church gave shelter to people on winter nights.链接写作一句
39、多译他们决心保护学生免受伤害。They are determined to_shelter_their_students_from_being_hurt.(shelter)They are determined to_protect_their_students_from_being_hurt.(protect)They are determined to_preserve_their_students_from_being_hurt.(preserve)9remind vt.提醒，使想起remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事re
40、mind (sb.) that/how/what.提醒(某人) remind me of the room where I was born使我想起我出生的那个房间remind me to phone my friend提醒我给朋友打电话remind me how I should do it next提醒我下一步该怎么做基础练习单句语法填空I agree with Susan，whose article reminds me of my best gift，a pen，given by my father，who was a worker.Passengers are_reminded(re
41、mind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.The fact is，to note what you have to do is to remind you to_do_(do) it at the right time.链接写作一句多译尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。Although/Though some drivers are_reminded_not_to_drive_after_drinking，they are still trying their luck，which is really dangerou
42、s.(remind)Reminded_not_to_drive_after_drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.(过去分词短语作状语)名师点津remind sb.to do sth.与remind sb.of doing sth.都可用，但意思不同：前者表示提醒某人去做某事，其中不定式所表示的动作尚未发生；后者表示提醒某人或使某人想起已经做过某事，其中动名词表示的动作已经发生。10refer to谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考(1)refer to.as.把称作refer.
43、to.把提交给(2)reference n谈到，提到；参考，查阅in/with reference to 关于refer to the name of victims提到受害者的姓名refer to the events of last year涉及去年发生的事refer to your notes/a dictionary查阅笔记/词典基础练习写出下列句中refer to的含义(2019全国卷)The trend，then，was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the p
44、ublic.指的是If necessary，you may refer to your notes while making a speech.查阅，参考The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.谈到，提及链接写作完成句子当遇到生词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。Dont always refer_to_the_dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very importan
45、t can you look_it_up_in_your_dictionary.任正非被称为中国最优秀的企业家之一。新闻里提到的那个人就是他。The person referred_to in the news is Ren Zhengfei，who is_referred_to_as_one_ of_the_greatest_entrepreneurs in China.名师点津look up表示 “参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为word，information等；而refer to表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。11break down出故障；抛锚；分解；(身
46、体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；打破，消除break up 打碎；驱散；(关系)破裂，分手；(会议等)结束；(物理)解体break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break through 克服；取得突破break away from 脱离；断绝与的关系break down racial discrimination消除种族歧视break down the project into smaller parts把项目分成几个小部分基础
47、练习写出下列句中break down的含义He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system broke down.(机器)出故障If Tim carries on working like this，hell break down sooner or later.(身体)垮掉To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts.分解The
48、two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.失控 链接写作完成句子妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会垮掉的。Mother broke_into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break_down.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。Scientists thi
49、nk they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.12(教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities！要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！if only意为 “要是就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：(1)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.would/could do.(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.did/we
50、re.(3)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.had done sth.金句推送If only he had kept on trying，he would have got a bigger fish.要是他再坚持尝试一下的话，他就会钓到一条更大的鱼了。基础练习单句语法填空If only I had(have) more money，I could buy some new clothes. Its too bad that I failed in the math exam.If only I had_worked_(work) hard at it!链接写作完成句子我还
51、是没有我儿子的消息。要是我没有对他说那些太严厉的话就好了。I still had no information about my son.If only I_hadnt_said those tough words to him.但愿我还能再见她一次！If only it_were_possible for me to see her once more!我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。Only if I get a job will_I_have_enough_money to go to school.名师点津only if 意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句。另外，only if位于
52、句首时，句子要用部分倒装。夯基固本基础强化.用所给词的正确形式填空。1I have no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police.2A diet lacking(lack) nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.3Men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education and employment.4You must remind him to_take(take) his medicine，in case h
53、e forgets.5Our teacher always says to us that everyone could make contributions_ (contribution) to our society.6The result of the research is for reference(refer) only.7It is really worthwhile to_study/studying(study) the animals.8Bob isnt equal to being (be) a manager，for he has little knowledge ab
54、out management.9I failed in the exam.If only I had_taken (take) your advice.10All the means of communication have_been_interrupted(interrupt) recently.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.2You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.3As far as Im concern
55、ed，his reception of us is lacking in warmth.4At one point，the peace talks between the two countries seemed to break down with no agreement reached.5He has made an important contribution to the companys success.6At every moment I was reminded of the difficulties we have.在下列句子中找出一处错误并改正。1Experience is
56、 equal as valuable as theory.equalequally2It is worthy to spend money in educating the children.worthyworthwhile3The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle.in后加the4We failed in the experiment.If only we have followed our teachers suggestion.havehad5The secretary was afraid that I mi
57、ght forget the meeting，so I was reminded it once again.reminded后加of6The program can contribute to promote the local economy in my hometown.promotepromoting7Job is not only a mean of living，but it is also a way of experiencing life.meanmeans8We have no alternative but fire him.fire前加to查缺补漏知识拾遗.用所给词的正
58、确形式填空。1I made a commitment (commit) to him to pay all of the debts.2I like getting up early in the morning.You know the morning air is so good to_breathe(breathe)3Peter Goodrich died in the second plane that hit (hit) the World Trade Centre.4Without telling her family，the next morning，she held (hold
59、) a meeting in her private hospital，discussing suitable medical services for the disaster area.5Something blocking(block) the tap should be removed so that the water can come through quickly.6There are some areas of poverty(poor)，but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.7Its through commitmen
60、t (commit) and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.8These days the industrys most urgent(urge) question may be how to control the flow of tourists.9He was so eager to_expand(expand) his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door.10He was not onl
61、y talented but also popular with his colleagues(colleague).在空白处填入一个适当的词。1Just as you know，saying is one thing and doing another.2The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit in.3Thanks to the love and encouragement of her mother，she finally defeated the disease and faced
62、the disability bravely.4Far from helping the situation，youve just made it worse.5The house was in chaos after the party and we had to clean it up.6You need money and time; in addition，you need diligence.强技提能语言应用.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵该短文。Being 1.lacking(lack) in practical experience can b
63、e a big obstacle when you find 2.a job.So if you want to be equal 3.to the post you want to apply for，youd better make preparations in advance.In my opinion，it is worthwhile 4.to_be/being(be) a volunteer，which 5.contributes(contribute) to your obtaining experience.In 6.addition(add)，being a voluntee
64、r can also expand your horizon and make a 7.difference(different) to others lives.There are lots of posts 8.offered(offer) on our website，9.which you can refer to for more detailed information.If only you 10.could(can) find one suitable for yourself.Good luck.书面表达Step 1.要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)现今由于环境污染
65、，很多人缺乏健康食品和教育，处于饥饿的状态。Nowadays many people lack_healthy_food and education and are in_the_state_of_starvation_on_account_of environment pollution.更为糟糕的是有些地方人们连干净的水都喝不到。Whats worse it_is_impossible_for_people_to_drink clean water in some places.据报道全球有13多亿人生活在难以描述的贫困之中。It is reported that more than 1.
66、3 billion people around the world live in poverty beyond_description. 幸运的是，政府正在想尽一切办法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。Luckily，the government is_trying_every_means to help them and the public also contribute_money_to them.一些相关的非官方的环保组织，也倡导我们使用绿色能源，这对环境很有益处。Some nonofficial environmental organization which is_referred_t
67、o just advocates the use of green power，and it is of benefit to our environment.要是我们日常生活中能使用一些可供选择的交通工具如公交车、自行车，我们的环境也会变好。If_only we could use some _alternative_means_of_transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better.我们的所作所为一定会对环境产生重大影响。All the things we have done will
68、make_much_difference_to our environment.Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)(1)利用过去分词作后置定语和which引导的非限制性定语从句升级1中的句Some_nonofficial_environmental_organization_referred_to_just_advocates_the_use_of_green_power，which_is_of_benefit_to_our_environment.(2)利用what主语从句升级1中的句。What_we_have_done_will_make_much_differenc
69、e_to_our_environment.Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)Nowadays many people lack healthy food and education and are in the state of starvation on account of environment pollution.Whats worse，it is impossible for people to drink clean water in some places.It is reported that more than 1.3 billion people ar
70、ound the world live in poverty beyond description.Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.On the other hand，some nonofficial environmental organization referred to just advocates the use of green power，which is of benefit to our environment.At the same time，if only we could use some alternative means of transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better.In a word，what we have done will make much difference to our environment.
