1、Unit 3 Tomorrows world GrammarThe lovely robots attracts the visitors.The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots.S.V.O.O.V.S.The Great Wall was visited by manypeople last year.S.V.O.O.V.S.Many people visited the Great Walllast year.The Passive voice1.句子的主动语态和被动语态可互换，在意义上区别很小。在主动语态中，句子的主语是动作发出者；
2、在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者。Point out the verb,the subject and the object in the following sentences:We planted many trees last year.We must close the windows and the door.S V.O.SV.O Many trees were planted(by us)last year.The windows and the door must be closed.The film _(name)ET.is namedThe Great Wal
3、l _ (visit)by many people every year.is visitedA birthday party _ (hold)now.is being heldThe film ET _(show)in the cinema next week.will be showed2、被动语态的基本动词形式是be+过去分词。通过be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。e.g.Food is kept in the fridge.The glass was broken by the boy.The passive voice in different tenses:TenseThe
4、active voiceThe passive voiceThe simple presentThe present continuousThe present perfectdo/doesare/is doneam/is/are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been doneThe simple futureThe simple pastThe past continuousThe past perfectbe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will
5、be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been doneFill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1.I _(give)a new book by my father on my birthday.2.English _(find)very useful.3.The work _(finish)tomorrow.4.The flowers _(water)by them now.was given is foundwill be finished are being wat
6、ered5.The railway _(build)this time last year.6.The new way _ already _(build).7.The new railway _(build)by the end of last year.8.He told me the sports meeting _(hold)the next month.9.Rice _(grow)in the south of the States.was being builthas been builthad been builtwould be held is grown3.在用被动语态时还要
7、注意一下几点：a.在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。e.g.Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network.在give,lend,offer,send,tell和show等动词后，常带两个宾语，分别指人和物，变为被动语态时，常用指人的宾语做句子的主语，也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语，但需在人前加介词toe.g.Our teacher often tells us some interesting stor
8、ies in English.We are often told some interesting stories in English.Some interesting stories are often told to us in English.The government has given much food to the people in the poor area.The people in the poor area has been given much food.Much food has been given to the people in the poor.在主动语
9、态中，有些动词后（使役动词和感官动词）常接宾语和不带to的动词不定式，在被动语态中，则使用带to的动词不定式。e.g.1.I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon.The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon.2.He let me go first.I was let to go first.主动语态：make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth被动语态：sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth 在
10、被动语态中，有时get可用来代替be，如get changed、get dressed和get hurt等。e.g.My bike got stolen last night.Youd better get changed quickly,as the party will begin soon.1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。My bike got stolen last night.2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。The eggs have got broke.3.工资已经付给了工人们。The workers have got paid.Translate the sentences using“get
11、 done”.有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被动意义。e.g.This sweater washes well.The pen writes smoothly.The kind of computer sells well in China.Translate the following sentences.1.这件毛衣很好洗。2.This sweater _(wash)well.2你的文章好读。Your article_(read)well.3这些花闻起来很香。The flowers _(smell)sweet.4.这种布料易干.This kind of cloth _(dry)easily
12、.drieswashesreadssmelldries 表示状态的动词如 fail,suit,contain,own,hold,fit,cost,lack,become,have,and feel等不能用被动语态。e.g.I like pop songs and often listen to them.He has a big house near the river.You can depend on her to deal with the situation.一些特殊的被动语态句型:It+passive verb+that clauseIt+动词的被动语态形式+that引导的从句e.g
13、.It is said that he will recover soon.It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.Subject+passive verb+to infinitive主语+动词的被动语态形式+动词不定式e.g.The Sun was once thought to travel around the Earth.1.据说他很快恢复了。It is said that he will recover soon.2.据报道下个月又一本书要出版。It is reported that another boo
14、k will be published next month.Special passive patterns It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.Li Ping is said to study abroad.It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad.Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.Li Ping is said to have studied abroad.Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad.It is
15、 said that Li Ping studied abroad.It is said that Li Ping has been studyingabroad.It is said that It is reported that It is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that More examples:Special passive patterns常用于这类句型的动词有say,believe,report,suppose,know和prove等.Read th
16、e information on page 49 and complete the report on the event.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._ 6._7._ 8._9._ 10._are beingthe Electric Wear Companybeen developedwas inventedare usedbeen completedwill be producedwill bebeen announcedare cleaned/can be cleanedModal verb and the passive voice情态动词与被动语态1.情态动词的被
17、动语态形式可用于谈论能力、可能性、职责和允诺等。e.g.Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.2.We form sentences using modal verbs in the passive voice by adding be and the past participle.情态动词的被动语态形式的构成是在情态动词后加be和过去分词。e.g.Computer can work out the position of the user at any time.The position of the user can be worked
18、 out at any time.modal verb+bare infinitivemodal verb+be+past participleSummary:1)Modal verb+be+V-ed form2)Active voice Passive voicecan do can be donemay do may be donemight not do might not be donecould do could be doneshould do should be doneought to do ought to be doneRead the table on page 50 a
19、nd note the use of these modal verbs in the active and passive voices.Read the first report on page 50 and complete the second.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._can be reducedmust be takenmust be wornmay becomeought to be reducedVerbs often used in the passive voiceSome verbs are often used in the passive vo
20、ice and function like adjectives.e.g.The children are getting excited about the coming holiday.Dont you get tired of arguing about the some thing all the time?More examplesbe amazed by,be tired of,be addicted to,be hooked on,爱上某人be shocked at,be frightened by，be excited about,be bored with,be disapp
21、ointed atby,be fascinated by，be impressed at bywith,be interested in,be set up by,be situated inon,be surprised atby be pleased with,be satisfied with Look at the timeline showing the history of Napster and complete the article on page 51.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._ 6._7._ 8._bored withinterested inwa
22、s foundedwere employedwas surprised atwas accused ofwas closed downwas purchased1.It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see被动语态专项练习2.I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _ now.A.has
23、been questioned B.is being questioned C.is questioning D.has questioned3.Your job _ open for your return.Thanks.A.will be kept B.will keep C.had kept D.had been kept4.Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A.interestedB.interesting C.interestingly D.interestedly5.
24、Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ yet.A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decided考点点拨 考例回顾1.A VR headset was designed by scientists.(P48)考点 was designed是一般过去时的被动语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。考例1 The flowers were so lovely that they _
25、in no time.A.soldB.had been soldC.were soldD.would sell点拨 the flowers和sell之间是被动关系，故排除A和D项。were so lovely与sell是同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排除B项。故选C项。考例2 As the years passed,many occasions birthdays,awards,graduations _ with Dads flowers.A.are markedB.were markedC.have markedD.had marked 点拨 句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的场合，如我
26、的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语occasions与mark之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，选B项。2.Right now the new product is being developed in the laboratory.(P48)考点 is being developed是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。考例 Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?Yes,I have.I guess it _ now.A.has graded B.is grad
27、edC.is being graded D.is grading点拨 句意：“你交作业了吗？”“交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改”。根据空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语态；根据now一词，可知应用现在进行时，所以C项正确。3.An agreement has been put forward.(P48)考点 has been put forward是现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。考例1 When you get the paper back,pay special attention to what _.A.have markedB.have been marked C.had
28、 marked D.had been marked点拨 因mark这一动作发生在get之前，且试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选B项。考例2 With the help of high technology,more and more new substances _ in the past years.A.discoveredB.B.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered点拨 in/during the past years所在句子要用现在完成时态，substances是“被发现”，故用被动形式。D项
29、为正确选项。4.The technology behind RealCine is said to be virtual reality.(P48)考点 sb./sth.+be said+动词不定式作主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，用不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，则需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不定式的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词有：believe,report,consider,suppose,know等。考例1 Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of sett
30、ing them free.A.is said to be buyingB.is said to have boughtC.had said to buy D.has said to have bought点拨 sb./sth.is said to do sth.据说某人/物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前，因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。故选B项。考例2 The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A.breaking B.having brokenC.to have broken D.to break点拨 sb./sth.is reported to do sth.为常用的表达方式，to do 不能用doing 形式代替，“打破世界记录”是已经发生的事情，故用不定式的完成式。故选C项。Homework1.Review what we learned today.2.Finish exercises on page 92.3.Preview Task.
