1、第四讲“错综复杂”的文章结构题1所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的论述层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行归纳和总结的能力。2文章结构题的题干表现形式：(1)Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?(2)In the next part，what would the author most probably discuss?(3)The second paragraph is devel
2、oped by.(4)How is the passage mainly developed?(2013陕西卷)According to sociologists(社 会 学 家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)Class，power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society.Acommonly u
3、sed classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53%of Americans belong to the lower class,46%the middle class，and 1%the upper clas
4、s.Interestingly，a surgeon earning$500,000 a year and a bus driver earning$50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power(such as governors)exercise(行使)big power，but people who
5、take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，ther
6、e arent too many people who arent millionaires in the US Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class o
7、r have a lot of power over others.语篇解读社会学家认为，每一个现代工业社会的阶层是由经济、权力和地位等所决定的。1 What can we learn about“the middle class”from Paragraph 2?APeople earning$50,000 a year belong to the middle class.BNearly half Americans belong to the middle class.CPeople generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.D
8、Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.解析：细节理解题。由第二段第四句可知，46%的美国人属于中产阶级，即接近一半的美国人属于中产阶级。答案：B2According to the text，we know that_.Apower and class do not always correspond with each otherBstatus refers to a persons economic position in societyCpeople with high status have a lot of c
9、ontrol over othersDclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank解析：细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.”以及第四句所举的例子可知，权力和经济实力并不总是相一致。答案：A3Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P：Paragraph)解析：推理判断题。从整篇文章来看，作者采用先整体概括，再分段论述的写作方法。答案：A1了解
10、文章的大致框架是突破文章结构题的关键。对文章的分段方法有：(1)按事情发展的顺序；(2)按时间的先后顺序；(3)按地点或空间位置的变换；(4)按内容的总分关系；(5)按人物的活动内容。2针对此类题，考生应做到：一读，就是通读全文；二想，就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归，就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起，成为一个大段；四查，就是再把各段段意连起来，看是否能构成一个连贯的整体；五选，就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。例如真题示例第3题，文章第一段总述了三个方面(class，power，status)在定义阶层中的作用，第二段(class)、第三段(power)和第四段(status)
11、分别叙述了它们的作用，文章结构为总分式，所以选择A项。(2013山东省济南一中等四校高三下学期联考)According to body language expert Robert Phipps，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.Phipps found that worriers，those who
12、 stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的)position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position，with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up(蜷曲)，the more comfort we are seeking，according to Phipps.The second most common posit
13、ion is the log.Sleeping with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，indicates stubbornness，and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.“The longer you sleep like this，the more rigid your thin
14、king is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，”according to Phipps.Yearner(向往型)sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this styleon their side with arms stretched out in front，looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps b
15、eing chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results，explained Phipps.Thesepeople often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.Perhaps the most peculiar(奇怪的)of sleep styles is the freefaller position.This sleep style mak
16、es up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.Thesepeople，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，but also the least comfortable，and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.In
17、conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add：“A good nights sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”语篇解读本文为说明文。肢体语言专家发现，人们睡觉的姿势实际上揭示了很多个性类型的信息。1Which of the following is the best title of the passage?AA Good Nights Sleep Sets You
18、 Up for the Following DayBYour Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at NightCHow You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next DayDWhich Sleeping Position Helps You Sleep Comfortably解析：考查主旨大意。根据本文的主题句中的“the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personlity they
19、 have”可知，本文主要讲的是“一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上决定了这个人的个性特点。”答案：B2Which of the following pictures is the fetal position?解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down”可知，“胎儿睡姿”的姿势是“侧躺，头朝下、膝盖往上蜷成一团”，故选D项。答案：D3The underlined word“rigid”is closest in meaning to“_
20、”Astubborn BflexibleCcomfortable Dstrange解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“indicates stubbornness”和第四段中的“you can become inflexible”可推知，该词与A项意思最接近。答案：A4Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection?AThe fetal position.BThe log position.CThe yearner position.DThe freefaller position.解 析：
21、考 查 细 节 理 解。根 据 第 五 段 第 三 句 中 的“Yearnersare typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results”可知，“向往型睡姿”的人对自己要求严格，追求完美。答案：C5 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：SubpointC：Conclusion解析：考查文章结构。第一段是文章的主题段落，点出主题；第二段到第六段分别介绍了“胎儿睡姿”“树干睡姿”“向往型睡姿”和“自由落体睡姿”等四种不同的睡姿及其对应的个性类型；最后一段得出结论。由此可见A项表明了该篇文章的结构。答案：A
