1、联想词语单词联想1criticise vt.批评2obvious adj.显然的，显而易见3combination n组合；结合4standard adj.标准的5accent n口音6compare vt.比较7remark n评论；讲话8attempt n努力；尝试9standard adj.标准的standard n标准10reference n参考；查阅refer v参考；查阅；涉及到11confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confused adj.感到困惑的confuse v使困惑12variety n种类vary v变化，不同various adj.各种各样的13diff
2、er vi.不同，有区别different adj.不同的difference n不同；差异14settler n移民；定居者settle v定居；殖民；解决settlement n殖民地15announcement n声明；宣告announce v宣布announcer n播音员，广播员短语熟记1get around 四处走动(旅行)2jump the queue插队3compare with 和比较4be similar_to与相似5have difficulty_(in)_doingsth.做某事有困难6add up 合计7combine A and/with B 把 A 和 B 结合或
3、混合形成一整体8have.in_common有相同的特点9make a_difference使不相同10it is obvious that.很明显11lead to 引起；导致12in favor_of同意；支持13refer to.as称为14thanks to 幸亏，多亏15.look afterlook down on/uponlook intolook forward to照料、照顾鄙视或看不起调查期待，期盼句式重温1Im getting on just fine,now_that I understand the local accent.既然我懂得当地的口音，我进展得很好。2It
4、_doesnt_make_much_of_a_difference_whether a teacher speaks British or American English.老师说的是英式英语还是美式英语并无太大影响。3Americans use a flashlight,while for the British,its a torch.美国人用flashlight表示手电筒，而英国人用torch。4The British use prepositions where_Americans_sometimes_omit_them.英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略。5When the I
5、rish writer George Bernard Shaw made_the_famous_remark_that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language,he was obviously thinking about the differences.当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。突破重点第一版块：融会单词1.present vt.(to give or hand over sth.to sb.,esp.forma
6、lly at a ceremony)颁发，赠送；(to give a speech in which you offer an idea,plan,etc.to be considered or accepted)陈述；(to show or describe sb.or sth.)呈现，介绍 n礼物；现在 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，现存的(1)present sth.to sb./present sb.with sth.向某人赠送(展示、表达)某物(2)at present 目前，现在for the present 目前，眼下；暂且(3)be present at 在场，到场特别提示p
7、resent adj.在场的，出席的：后置定语当前的，现在的：our present difficulties前置定语即境活用句型转换(1)They _ a bunch of flowers.They _ a bunch of flowers _ him.他们献给他一束鲜花。完成句子(2)Everybody _ welcomed the decision.出席的人都欢迎那个决议。(3)How many people _ the meeting?到会的有多少人？presented him withpresentedtopresentwere present at2attempt n.努力；尝试；
8、企图 vt.尝试；企图(1)make an attempt to do/at doing.尝试做at ones first attempt 第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事，希望做某事(2)attemptn./pron.尝试attempt to do/at doing sth.尝试(试图)做某事They made no attempt to escape.他们没有企图逃跑。Every time Ive attempted to convince her,Ive failed completely.每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。【易混辨析】attemp
9、t,try与manageattempt常指一次的而不是继续尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的，常包含“冒险”意义。try使用范围广，含有通过各种方法，尽力把事情做好或达到目的之意。后接不定式表示“努力做某事”，后接动名词表示“尝试做某事”。manage“成功地做成某事”，强调结果。即境活用(1)He succeeded in passing the driving test _.他第一次尝试就成功地通过了驾驶测试。(2)They _ to climb the steepest part of the mountain,but failed.They didnt lose heart,and _
10、again.At last,they _ to get to the top of the mountain.at his first attemptattempted/tried triedmanaged3confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明含混不清。Dont confuse Austria and/with Australia.不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚弄混淆了。(1)confuse A with/and B 把A混为Bbe/get confused with/about 对
11、感到困惑(2)confused(人感到)困惑的；糊涂的confusing 令人迷惑的(3)fall into confusion陷入混乱状态throw sb.into confusion 使某人不知所措in confusion 处于混乱状态即境活用(1)I _ their conflicting advice.我被他们相互矛盾的建议弄糊涂了。(2)His theory is so _ that I often get _ at his words.他的理论如此难懂以至于我常对他的话感到困惑。was confused byconfusingconfused4differ vi.(to be di
12、fferent from sth.in some way)不同，有区别；(to disagree,not share the same opinion)有异议，(意见)有分歧归纳拓展(1)differ(widely/greatly)in(from sb./sth.)在方面(与大)不相同differ with sb.(about/on/upon/over sth.)(在某事上)与某人意见不同(2)different adj.不同的difference n.差异，区别be different from.与不同tell the difference between.说出之间的区别make a dif
13、ference 有影响；使不同；起作用即境活用完成句子(1)Humans facial expressions _ of animals.(differ)人类的面部表情与动物的不同。(2)Our opinions _ on this matter.(differ)在这个问题上我们的观点很不一致。differ from those differ greatly/widely第二版块：贯通短语1thanks to由于，多亏It was all a great successthanks to a lot of hard work.由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。Thanks to John,w
14、e won the game.多亏了约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。特别提示thanks to，due to，because of，owing to，thanks ton.在句中作状语，所列理由多为表示感谢的，有的也可表示讽刺意义。多位于句首。due ton.在句中作表语或状语，不可置于句首。意为“由于”。because ofn.在句中作状语，意为“因为”用以提出理由。owing ton.在句中作表语或状语，意为“由于，应归功于”。on account ofn.在句中作状语，意为“解释的原因”。即境活用_(归功于)the wise leadership of the party,we have ac
15、hieved great success during the past two decades.答案 Owing to2in favour of赞同；支持in favour赞同的；流行的；得宠的in sb.s favour/in favour of sb.对某人有利的out of favour失宠的；不流行的owe sb.a favour欠某人情分do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙do sb.the favour to do sth.帮某人做(此时favour前用定冠词the)be for/against支持/反对in favour with sb.受
16、某人支持；受某人恩宠的Most of the students are in favour of the new rules.绝大多数学生都支持这些新的规章制度。Can you do me a favour to open the window?你能帮我一个忙把窗户打开吗？即境活用The painter was gifted and was in favour _ the Queen.答案与解析 with in favour with意为“受(某人)恩宠的”。3have.in common 有相同的特点归纳拓展(1)have much/a lot/a great deal in common
17、with.与有很多共同之处have not much/nothing/little in common with.与没多少/没有共同之处(2)in common with sb./sth.与一样(3)in common 共有；共用；共同即境活用完成句子(1)Their methods _.他们的方法没有相同之处。(2)_ many others,she applied for a training place.和许多人一样，她申请参加训练。答案(1)have nothing in common(2)In common with4get around四处走动；传播When we stayed i
18、n the city of Huangshan,I got around the downtown.当我们在黄山市停留时，我到市区各处逛了逛。Word has got around that the world record of the male 100-metre race was broken again.消息已经传出：男子百米世界纪录再次被打破。I tried calling you several times but I couldnt get through.我试着给你打了几次电话，但没有打通。归纳拓展get aroundget about到各处走动；到各处旅行get around
19、spreadvi.消息、谣言等传开get across理解，明白，把传达，表达出来get alongwith进展行；相处get awayfrom逃掉get down to开始认真做某事get rid of去掉，处理get back回来；收回get off下来，下车；起飞；脱掉，除去get through做完，通过；接通get close to接近即境活用完成句子(1)那个陌生人迷了路，现在正在大街上四处游逛。The stranger lost his way and _ in the street now.(2)这个谣言很快在城里传开了。The rumor quickly _ in the t
20、own.is getting aroundgot around5refer to 提到，谈及；涉及，与有关；查阅，参考归纳拓展refer to.as.把称作refer.to.将送交给(以获得帮助等)即境活用根据语境选择refer to合适的意义ato mention or speak about someone or somethingbto look at a book,map,piece of paper,etc.for informationcto be relevant to sb./sth.;to concern sb./sth.(1)What I have to say refer
21、s_to all of you._(2)He gave the speech without referring_to his notes._(3)When I said someone was stupid,I wasnt referring_toyou._(4)The children like referring_to him as“Grandpa Li”_cbaa第三版块：突破句式1By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year,making it one of the most popular school books ev
22、er.到19世纪50年代为止，该书以每年一百万册的速度销售，成为有史以来最受欢迎的学习用书之一。句中的making it one of the most popular school books ever是现在分词短语在句中用作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语表示一种自然的结果，常置于句尾。The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.那孩子滑了一跤，摔倒了，头撞在了门上。即境活用完成句子His parents died,_.父母去世了，他成了孤儿。答案 leaving him an orphan2However,if
23、 you turn on CNN,the American TV network,you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents.然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音find表示“发现/觉得处于某种状态”时，后面可以加复合宾语：find sb./oneself/sth.to beadj./nprep.phrase特别提示1当该结构中宾语是oneself时，常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己”。2find后面所跟的不定式作宾补一般是to be
24、adj./n.，to be往往省略，普通的实义动词不能用于该结构。即境活用完成句子(1)She woke to _ by her bed.她醒来发现爸爸正站在床边。(2)When she opened her eyes,she _.当她睁开眼睛的时候，发现自己在一个不同的世界里。(3)He made for the door and _.他走向门，发现门锁了。find her father standingfound herself in a different worldfound it locked3A Londoner has more difficulty understanding
25、a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。have difficulty in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难(difficulty为不可数名词；in常可以省略)(1)表示“做某事有困难”还可以用以下几种结构：There is some difficulty(in)doing sth.do sth.with difficultyIts difficult(for sb.)to do sth.(2)类似句型havetrouble/proble
26、ms(in)doing/withn.做某事有麻烦做某事很开心做某事很愉快/很难过spend/waste(time,money.)in doing sth.花费/浪费(时间、金钱)做某事be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事(3)with difficulty困难地get/run into difficulty陷入困难【易混辨析】表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构have difficulty with sth.have trouble(in)doing sth.have a hard time(in)doing sth.theres difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth./with sth.即境活用(1)If you _ the homework,you may turn to your sister for help.如果你作业方面有困难，你可以求助于你的姐姐。(2)You cant imagine the difficulty we have ever had _.你想像不到我们处理这个问题时所遇到的困难。have difficulty withdealing with the problem
