1、Discovering useful words expressionsLearning about language Look at the definitions and find the words in the text.Then write down how they have been1 to jump into the water head first a graceful jump into the water head first2 to see something happen someone who sees a crime or an accidentdivewitne
2、ss3 a short time when someone stops speakingto stop doing something for short time 4 a strong wishto strongly suggest someone do somethingpauseurge5 something that slows you downto pull something alone behind you drag Read these sentences.Then replace the words in italics with words that mean the sa
3、me from the unit.1 Some personal stories about mark twain are very amusing.2 Working together is necessary to produce good results.3 More and more people areanecdotesTeamworkconservation4 Sit facing the street and watch the parade go by.5 When you hit an iceberg,leave the ship immediately.oppositeab
4、andon Use these words in their proper forms to complete the passage.depth dive yell annual shark accommodation深度，深处跳水，潜水大叫，呼喊每年的鲨鱼住所，住宿 witness relationship shore当场见到，目击关系，血缘关系逃避，逃跑岸，海滨Keys:1)annual 2)accommodation3)shore 4)relationship5)dive 6)depths7)sharks 8)witnessed9)flee 10)yellGrammar动词-ing形式
5、的被动式动词-ing形式的被动式,其构成为“being+动词的过去分词”,可在句中作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语,但不能单独作谓语,其完成形式为having been done,多在句中作状语。如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所表示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式要用被动语态，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。1)一般式:Being badly wounded,the whale soon died.George didnt like being kept waiting.I am not interested in the topic being discussed
6、.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.他害怕被老师责骂。此外,动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中作宾补。如：Youll find the topic being discussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。He often watched the boats being unloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。而且在want,need,deserve,require等动
7、词后,尽管表示的是被动含义,我们却用动词-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：The blackboard needs cleaning.=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干净。The broken window wants repairing.=The broken window wants to be repaired.那个破窗户需要修理。在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样:Her method is worth trying.她的方法值得试一下。2)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。He prided himself
8、on having never been beaten in class.【拓展延伸】在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作是现在正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，我们可以用现在分词的被动。(1)作定语That building being repaired is our library.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。He asked who was the man being operated on.他问这时动手术的人是谁。(2)作宾补Youll find the topic being discussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。He often watc
9、hed the boat being unloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。(3)作状语Being asked to give a performance,she couldnt very well refuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Being protected by a thick wall,they felt they were quite safe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。有时还有完成被动形式：Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip away?人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻
10、易放过？The decision having been made,the next problem was how to make a good plan.决议既已做出,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?1.So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2.He didnt mind being left at home.3.That building being repaired is our library.4.Being protected by a thick wall,they felt they were quite safe.5.Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip away?作主语作宾语作定语作状语作状语
