1、北京市2016高考英语短二轮：短文改错训练（1）及答案高考英语专题之短文改错从近几年的高考短文改错来看，一篇120词左右的短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查要点的主要方面有： 知识点一：词法性错误1.冠词：冠词的考查主要集中在不定冠词a，an及定冠
2、词the的混用和漏用。主要包括以下几个方面：(1)不定冠词a和an互改；(2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；(3)定冠词the的多余或缺失；(4)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失(一般情况下，单数可数名词在句中出现时，其前需要加上适当的冠词或其他限定词)；(5)不可数名词表示泛指时冠词的多余；(6)常见固定搭配的错用。 (1)After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 解析因hour以元音音素开头。 答案aan (2)I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 解析因此处并非特指
3、，而是泛指。 答案thea (3)Good health is persons most valuable possession. 解析这里的a表泛指。 答案persons前加a (4)Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 解析此处的winter holidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。 答案athe (5)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 解析catch sight of是习语，意为“看见，瞥见” 答案去掉a 2.名词：名词的考查主要包括名词
4、的数的用法(可数名词与不可数名词的混用，可数名词单复数的错用)；名词格的误用、名词前限定词的用法以及抽象名词与物质名词具体化的用法。 (6)We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 解析因“水”为物质名词，不可数。 答案waterswater (7)There are branch library in many villages. 解析因其前的谓语动词are为复数形式。 答案librarylibraries (8)I hope that you two could come and visit
5、 us some times soon. 解析some time意为“某时”。 答案timestime (9)They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 解析因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of。 答案questionquestions 3.代词： 短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等
6、。 (10)David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 解析因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复。 答案去掉it (11)When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook head. 解析汉语为“摇头”，而英语的习惯是说shake ones head。 答案head前加his (12)We climb everywhere，not only in America. They have been to Europe many times.
7、 解析前后人称不一致。 答案TheyWe (13)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 解析因前面的the Smiths指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”，是复数意义。 答案histheir 4.形容词与副词：形容词与副词主要考查两个方面： (1)形容词与副词的错用。包括近义形容词的错用、近义副词的错用、形容词与副词之间的混用以及以ly结尾的副词和不是以ly结尾的同根副词之间的误用、动词ing形式和动词ed形式的形容词辨析等； (2)原级、比较级和最高级的误用。包括原级、比较级和最高级之间的混用；比较级的修饰语使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有a
8、 bit，a little，much，far，many，a lot，even等；常见的最高级修饰语有almost，by far，nearly等；常见的和原级搭配的结构有as.as；how与what的混用也是常见考点。 (14)Last Sunday，police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 解析因从含义上看此处应是最高级。 答案tallertallest (15)As a result，people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people
9、 in the past. 解析因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。 答案去掉more 5.介词与介词短语：短文改错中对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语及介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配等。介词与名词的常见搭配： 与to搭配的名词：answer，reply，key，visit，apology，introduction，entrance，invitation等。 与in搭配的名词：expert，interest等。 与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation等。 其他介词与名词的搭配：victory over，advantage over，respect for，pr
10、ize for等。 (16)Bill insisted in staying near the car. 解析insist on为固定搭配。 答案inon (17)When they came down，the police were angry to them. 解析要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。 答案towith (18)Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 解析因其前的get是及物动词。 答案去掉for 6.动词
11、：除动词时态与非谓语动词之外，动词考点还包括被动语态、情态动词、动词用法辨析、动词be的误加与漏用等。 (19)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. 解析因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。 答案seeingseen (20)Books may be keep for four weeks. 解析因此处要用被动语态。 答案keepkept (21).and let you know when the book you want has returned. 解析因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。 答案returne
12、d前加been (22)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. 解析由句意可知。 答案gocome (23)They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 解析因此处缺谓语动词。 答案eager前加were 7.非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。 (24)David and I
13、 wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 解析因为want后要接不定式。 答案wanted后加to (25).rather than go into the forest and getting lost. 解析因为get与其前的go并列。 答案gettingget (26)Modern people know more about health，have better food，and to live in clearer surroundings. 解析因为live与其前的know，have
14、并列。 答案去掉live前的to (27).you pay the cost of send a postcard，the librarian will write to you. 解析因为介词后接动名词作宾语。 答案sendsending 模拟短文改错Mothers Day was around the corner. My good friend 1. _Alice, Jenny and I get together, discussing what we should do to 2. _our respect for. Alice was planning to buy some fl
15、owers with 3. _his pocket money in honor of her mother. Jenny was going to buy 4. _vegetables to cook delicious dinner for her family on that day, because 5. _she wanted to experience how many her mother does for her family 6. _every day. As for me, Id like to make a greeting card, said 7. _“Happy M
16、others Day”, in which I would also tell my mother 8. _to pay attention to health or promise her to study harder. 9. _We are looking forward to Mothers Day.10. _【参考答案及解析】1friend - friends 考查名词的单复数。根据后为可知应是两人，故用复数形式。 2get - got 考查动词时态。根据上文可知事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。3去掉for 考查介词的用法。此处what作do的宾语，for是多余的。 4his - h
17、er 考查代词指代一致。根据文意Alice是女名，故用her。5 cook 后加 a 考查冠词的用法。此处dinner是可数名词，其前应加a。6many - much 考查词义的区别。此处do much for为。做得多。7said - saying 考查现在分词作定语。此处相当于定语从句which says “Happy Mothers Day”8in - on考查介词的用法。此处on which相当于on the card。9or - and 考查句意理解。此处and表并列。10V经分析本句正确。下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字
18、符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11除起）不计分。例如：It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. Luckily I was The amcompletely free then, so Ill to say “yes”, Ill arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m in Friday onevening.20
19、11年浙江高考真题：I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cous
20、in again; I would always know Id done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.参考答案：I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich tha
21、n mine, he had more toys than I did. cousins richerThere was one on particular Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. I guessed, in put后加 iteven at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would 去掉to facealways know Id done s
22、omething wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I Laterpulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever slowly knew nevermentioned it again.2015年浙江高考真题：下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用
23、斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11除起）不计分。My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field
24、. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the
25、road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.参考答案：My old classroom was interesting because three side of the class
26、room were made from glass. I enjoyed sides ofsit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the sitting easilyfootball field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom isis also splendid. Close
27、 to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the it distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was not去掉always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with i
28、ts view 加amade me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget feel Though/Althoughit.短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.
29、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Walters goal in life was become a successfully doctor. He knew he had to finish high school first, so he put his heart into her studiesin particular, biology, chemistry and maths. Because he worked hard at these subjects, Walter became good at it. However, Walte
30、r forgot that he needed to master some other subjects beside those he had been chosen. As a result, Walter fails in both English and Chinese in the end of the second school year. But he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate like planned. Walter learned a good lesson.【参考答案
31、】：Walters goal in life was become a doctor. He knew he had to finish high school first, so he put his heart into studiesin particular, biology, chemistry and maths. Because he worked hard at these subjects, Walter became good at . However, Walter forgot that he needed to master some other subjects those he had been chosen. As a result, Walter in both English and Chinese the end of the second school year. he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate planned. Walter learned a good lesson.
