1、形容词、副词和代词形容词和副词一、形容词的语法功能1.作定语前置定语：a beautiful picture an honest boy 多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+用途+被修饰的名词the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridge ten strong black plastic bags后置定语：（1）当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词，如something,anything,nothing等时。Theres not
2、hing new in todays newspaper.She must have met something dangerous.（2）形容词短语作定语时。This is a problem difficult to solve at present.Tom is a boy good at sports in our class.（3）少数以a开头的形容词（absent,alike,alive,available）及其它形容词(concerned,present)作定语时。He made full use of English reference books available and
3、learned a lot.People concerned will attend the meeting.（4）由and,or,bothand连接的并列形容词成对使用时。Everyone,old or young,will take part in the activities.1.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.(2004江苏）A.little white wooden B.little wooden white C.white wooden little D.white little wooden 2.
4、_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.（2000全国）A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough braveCA即学即练2.作表语 We are hungry.He looks unhappy.注意：有的形容词一般只能作表语。如表示健康状况的：well,unwell,ill,faint;以a开头的：afraid,alone,asleep,asham
5、ed3.作宾语补足语 I think the book interesting.He found the work difficult.4.作状语 He went to bed,cold and hungry.Funny,he pretends to know what he doesnt know.After the long journey,the three of them went back home,_.（2008 北京）A.hungry and tiredly B.hungry and tired C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tire
6、dB即学即练二、副词的语法功能1.作定语 Almost everyone has a car in America.The building there looks grand.2.作表语 Time is up.I thought I was over.3.作宾语补足语 I am very happy to see you back.Keep the light on if you feel afraid.4.作状语Its raining heavily.Its a rather interesting job.This is just what I said.Eventually he ar
7、rived in Beijing.注意：1.有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义不同。The station is quite near.He lives near.Its nearly 10 oclock.The cake is hard.We all work hard.I can hardly understand you.2.具有两种形式的副词high wide deep close highly widely deeply closely Hed like to sleep with the window _ at night.A.open wide B
8、.open widely C.wide open D.opened wide C三、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）原级（一）原级as+形容词/副词原级+asTom is as tall as Jack.He speaks English as fluently as you.My computer is not so/as expensive as yours.注意：1.almost,exactly,just,quite,nearly,half 等词可用来加强asas结构的语气。This book is just as interesting as that one.三、形容词和副词的比较等级2
9、.几种变化形式：as much+不可数名词+asThere is as much water in this bottle as in that one.as many+可数名词复数+asBob has read as many books as Mary.as+形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数+asGerman is as difficult a language as Chinese.as+形容词+不可数名词+asBread is as important food as rice.（二）比较级形容词/副词比较级+than John works harder than Mary.This p
10、icture is more beautiful than that one.This book is better than that one.注意：1.形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。2.much,still,even,far,by far,a lot,a bit,a great deal等词可置于比较级前,加强语气。Could you drive a bit more slowly?3.以or结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to不接than.如superior,inferior,senior,junior。He is 4 years senior to me.4.几种特殊结构1）th
11、e+比较级，the+比较级 “越，越”The higher he climbs,the farther he will see.(climb see)The more you use English,the more you will want to learn it.(use want)2）比较级+and+比较级 “越来越”Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.My school is becoming more and more beautiful.3）主语+比较级+than any(other)China is larger than
12、 any country in Africa.China is larger than any other country in Asia.4）倍数的比较倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as This room is three times as large as that one.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than This room is twice larger than that one.倍数+the size/length/weight/height/width/+of This room is three times the size of that one.（三）最高级the+形容
13、词/副词最高级+比较范围He is the tallest boy in our class.This is the most beautiful city Ive ever visited.注意：1.形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。She works hardest in our class.2.形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。He is a most clever policeman.This film is most interesting.3.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no mea
14、ns,not quite等词语修饰。He is by far the most popular singer in our pub.4.not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高含义。How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.5.有些表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite 等没有最高级，也不用比较级。1.How much _ she looked without her glasses!A.well B.good C.best D.b
15、etter2.Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,but it cost _ his.A.as much twice as B.twice as much as C.much as twice as D.as twice much as3.-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?-Yes,Ive never been to _ one before.A.a more excited B.the most excited C.a more exciting D.the most excitingDBC代词代词一
16、、要点概述代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词。二、考点聚焦1、指示代词1、指示代词（this,that,these,those）this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held this Friday evening.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.二、考点聚焦
17、为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方。Hello.This is Jim.Is that John?this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Is he always this busy?Hed like to get that big a car.2、不定代词（1）some，any（2）both,all
18、,every,each（3）either,neither（4）no one,nobody,none（5）(a)few,(a)little（6）other,the other,others,the others,another2、不定代词3、it，that，one，the one,the ones,those 等代词用法解析1）it和that都替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类事物”。The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work befor
19、e they can move in.Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.（2）one替代“a单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those。We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made one from some wood we had.Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the stu
20、dents except the ones/those who had already taken them.1.The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.A.it B.those C.one D.that （2008辽宁）2.-There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow _?-No,Id rather buy _ in the bookstore.A.it;one
21、B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it（2008陕西）DA4、It的用法（1）可表示时间、距离、度量衡、自然现象等。Its too late to go to the cinema.It is a half hours walk to the factory.（2）作为人称代词，可指动物或无生命的东西，也可指代性别不明的小孩或未知的人，或在电话用语中指自己一方的人。Its a book.-Is that Tom speaking?-No,it isnt.This is Jack speaking.The bell is ringing;please go and see who
22、it is.（3）指代前面的名词或前面提到的事。He is weak at listening and he has realized it.（4）作为形式主语Its possible to finish the work in two hours.It is a pity that he should fail the exam.Its no use talking with him about the matter.Its said that he had been to London.（5）作为形式宾语I found it difficult to finish the work tod
23、ay.I consider it no good playing computer games.Mother hates it when someone talks with his mouth full.It was Tom that/who I met in the park yesterday.It was I who/that met Tom in the park yesterday.It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.Where was it
24、that he met Tom?I wonder where it was that he met Tom.（6）用于强调结构It is/wasthat(who)Its(high/about)time that sb did sth.Its(was)the first/second/time that sb has(had)done sth It is/was/has been+时间段+since 从句(一般过去时、过去完成时)It will be/was+时间段+before 从句(一般现在时、一般过去时)It seems/appears/happens/+that 从句（7）用于一些固定句
25、型make it 成功做到as it is 事实上/原样as it were 似乎take it easy 别紧张、放轻松thats it 对啦keep at it 不放弃（8）用于一些固定短语1._ felt funny watching myself on TV.(2007全国）A.One B.This C.It D.That 2.He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(2007天津）A.this B.that C.it D.these3.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.itCCB
