1、七年级英语下册Unit 3系动词语法知识讲解及练习一、知识讲解一、定义与功能系动词(Linking Verbs) 又称连系动词,用于 连接主语和表语,说明主语的性质、状态或身份。 核心作用: 不表示具体动作,而是起“桥梁”作用。 后接形容词或名词作表语(不可单独使用)。 例句: She is a teacher.(连接主语“she”和表语“teacher”) The cake tastes delicious.(描述主语“cake”的性质) 二、常见系动词分类1.be动词家族am、is、are 及其过去式was、were,是最常见的系动词。在一般现在时里,I 后面用am,第三人称单数(he、s
2、he、it)后用is,复数主语和第二人称you后面用are。到了一般过去时,I、he、she、it 搭配was,复数主语和you则搭配were。例如:I am happy.(现在)She was tired yesterday.(过去)2.感官系动词look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来;感觉)。这些系动词常用来描述主语给人的感官感受。The flower looks beautiful.这朵花看起来很漂亮。The music sounds wonderful.这音乐听起来棒极了。3.变化系动词become、get、turn、gr
3、ow、go都表示“变得”,但在使用上有细微差别。become比较正式,可用于人或物;get比较口语化,常接形容词比较级;turn常表示颜色或天气的变化;grow强调逐渐变化;go常表示向不好的方向变化。She became a teacher last year.她去年成为了一名教师。It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄了。4.持续系动词keep、stay、remain都有“保持”的意思,用来强调主语继续或保持某种状态。Keep quiet! 保持安静!Stay healthy.保持健
4、康。The door remained closeD.门一直关着。系动词的解题技巧1.看主语遇到题目,先确定主语的人称和数,从而确定be动词形式。若是一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,就选is;是复数或第二人称you,就选are。2.看语境题目里若有描述感官的内容,如“看起来”“听起来”,就考虑感官系动词;要是表达“变得”,就从变化系动词里找;要是强调“保持”,就选持续系动词。三、用法规则与例句1.系动词 + 形容词 描述主语的性质或状态,不可用副词。 正确:The soup smells gooD.(形容词) 错误:The soup smells well.(副词) 常见搭配: look/so
5、und/smell/taste/feel + 形容词 The idea sounds great! The milk tastes sour. 2.系动词 + 名词 说明主语的身份或类别,注意主谓一致。 正确:They are students. 错误:They is students. 3.系动词 + 介词短语(初中阶段简单了解) The book is on the table. 四、易错点与对比分析错误类型错误例句正确例句解析误用副词修饰系动词She lookshappily.She lookshappy.感官动词后必须接形容词,而非副词。混淆实义动词与系动词Helookedthe pi
6、cture.Helooked atthe picture.“look”作实义动词需加介词(如at)。主谓不一致The childrenisnoisy.The childrenarenoisy.be动词需与主语人称和数一致。二、巩固练习一、单项选择1.The bread _ gooD.I want to eat some more.A.looks B.tastes C.sounds D.feels2.When spring comes, the trees _ green.A.turn B.become C.get D.go3.My mother _ angry when she heard t
7、he bad news.A.looked B.turned C.got D.sounded4.The music _ very beautiful.I like it very much.A.listens B.hears C.sounds D.looks5.You _ very young for your age.A.see B.watch C.look D.look at6.After the long trip, he _ tireD.A.felt B.sounded C.tasted D.smelt7.The milk _ sour.Dont drink it.A.is smelt
8、B.smelt C.smells D.smelling8.Her dream to be a singer _ true at last.A.got B.turned C.came D.went9.In winter, the days _ shorter and shorter.A.grows B.turns C.gets D.becoming10.He _ a famous writer when he was twenty.A.became B.got C.grew D.turned二、用所给系动词的适当形式填空11.The story _ (sound) interesting.12.
9、The fish _ (smell) terrible.Youd better throw it away.13.She _ (look) much younger than she really is.14.Its too hot.The meat may _ (go) baD.15.My father _ (feel) ill yesterday.三、句子改写,在空格处填入合适的系动词,使句子意思保持不变16.The cake has a delicious taste. The cake _ delicious.17.The leaves have a yellow color in a
10、utumn. The leaves _ yellow in autumn.18.He appears happy today. He _ happy today.19.The water seems warm. The water _ warm.20.The dish has a wonderful smell. The dish _ wonderful.四、完成句子,根据汉语提示填入合适的系动词21.他的计划听起来不错。His plan _ gooD.22.随着时间流逝,她变得越来越漂亮。As time goes by, she _ more and more beautiful.23.我们
11、应该保持健康。We should _ healthy.24.他的脸变红了。His face _ reD.25.牛奶尝起来很新鲜。The milk _ fresh.五、综合选择26.The old man _ very sad when he heard the news.A.is looking B.looks C.looked D.was looking27.The weather in Harbin _ cold in winter.A.gets B.turns C.stays D.becomes28.The food in this restaurant _ good, but it d
12、oesnt _ gooD.A.looks; taste B.looks; sound C.sounds; taste D.smells; sound29.The girls voice _ like a birds singing.A.hears B.listens C.sounds D.feels30.After running for an hour, he _ very thirsty.A.felt B.turned C.got D.all of the above【答案】一、单项选择1.B。面包应是“尝起来”美味,taste符合,look“看起来”,sound“听起来”,feel“摸起
13、来”不符合语境。2.A。树木“变绿”常用turn,become强调身份变化,get后常接比较级,go常指向坏的方面变化。3.C。get angry“变得生气”,是常用表达,look“看起来”,turn“转变”,sound“听起来”不符合。4.C。音乐“听起来”美,用sound,listen是不及物动词,hear“听到”,look“看起来”不符。5.C。look“看起来”,此处表示“看起来年轻”,see“看见”,watch“观看”,look at“看”均不符。6.A。旅行后“感觉”累,用feel,其过去式为felt,sound“听起来”,taste“尝起来”,smell“闻起来”不符。7.C。s
14、mell作为系动词无被动,此处描述现在状态,用一般现在时smells。8.C。come true“实现”,是固定短语。9.C。days作主语,复数,get可表示“变得”,grow主语多为人,turn侧重颜色、性质变化,becoming不能单独作谓语。10.A。become a famous writer“成为著名作家”,描述过去用became,get“变得”,grow“成长为”,turn“转变”不如become合适。二、用所给系动词的适当形式填空11.sounds12.smells13.looks14.go15.felt三、句子改写,在空格处填入合适的系动词,使句子意思保持不变16.taste
15、s17.turn18.looks19.is或seems表达此语境均可,此处用seems更对应前文20.smells四、完成句子,根据汉语提示填入合适的系动词21.sounds22.is becoming23.keep24.turned25.tastes五、综合选择26.C。heard提示用一般过去时,look“看起来”,此处用过去式looked。27.C。哈尔滨冬天天气“持续”寒冷,stay有“保持某种状态”之意,get“变得”,turn“转变”,become“成为,变得”,不符合语境。28.A。食物应是“看起来”好,“尝起来”不好,look“看起来”,taste“尝起来”,sound“听起来”不符合。29.C。声音“听起来”像鸟鸣,用sound,hear“听到”,listen“听”,feel“感觉”不符合。30.D。felt“感觉”,turned“变得”,got“变得”在此处都可表达跑步后“变得口渴”的意思。5