1、七年级英语下册Unit 2 语法讲解练习一、不定代词知识讲解(一)1.用法:不明确指代某个人、某些事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。英语中不定代词有很多,用法也比较复杂,本单元只学习常用的不定代词.常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的复合不定代词(如:something,anybody,nobody)。我们这单元的重点是辨析以下几组的区别和用法(1)both 和 all
2、both表示两个人或物,表肯定,意为“(两者)都”。其后可接of短语all表示肯定意义,意为“都”,表示三者及三者以上的人或物。Both of the women were Chinese.两名妇女都是中国人。 -Which sweater do you like, the red oneor the black one?你喜欢哪件毛衣,红色的还是黑色的?一I like both.两件我都喜欢。All of them enjoyed the party.他们都喜欢那次聚会。They ate all of it.他们全吃光了。(2)neither 和 noneNeither 表示否定意义,意为“
3、(两者中的每一个)都不”,可单独使用,也可同of,nor 连用。none既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一个也没有”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,常与of连用,通常指“三者及三者以上的人或物中没有一个”。-We have blue and yellow T-shirts.Which colour do you like?我们有蓝色和黄色的T恤衫。你想要哪个颜色的?一Neither.I think red will be OK两个我都不喜欢。我认为红色的可以None of the stories are/is interesting.这些故事中没有一个是有趣的。Neither of us
4、wants to join this club.我们两个都不想加入这个俱乐部一How many presents did you receive?你收到了多少礼物?-None.一个都没有。(3)either和anyeither表示肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都”,可单独使用,也可同of,or连用。any意为“一些”,常用在否定句和疑问句中,作主语、宾语、定语等。any有时也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何的”。You can come on Friday or Saturday.Either is OK.你可以星期五来,也可以星期六来,哪天都可以。一Is there any more mil
5、k?还有牛奶吗?一No, none at all.没了,一点儿都没了。(二)1.个体代词:each vs.everyeach强调个体,指两个或以上中的每一个,可作代词或形容词。Each student has a book.(每个学生)every强调整体,指三个或以上中的每一个,只能作形容词,后接单数名词。Every child likes the story.(所有孩子)*辨析*: - Each of the two boys is tall.(正确,指两个) - Every student in the class passed.(正确,指全班)2.数量代词:some vs.anysome
6、用于*肯定句*或*表示请求/建议的疑问句*(期待肯定回答)。 I need some water./ Would you like some tea? any 用于*否定句*、*疑问句*或*条件句*,表示“任何”。 Do you have any questions? / I dont have any money. *辨析*: - Is there some coffee? (暗示希望对方说有) - Is there any coffee? (单纯询问) 3.数量代词:many vs.muchmany修饰*可数名词复数*(疑问句、否定句、肯定句)。 Many students joined
7、the club./ How many apples do you need? much修饰*不可数名词*(多用于疑问句和否定句,肯定句中常用a lot of)。 There isnt much time left./ How much sugar do you want? 4.数量代词:(a) few vs.(a) little(a) few修饰*可数名词复数*,a few(一些,肯定),few(几乎没有,否定)。 I have a few friends here./ Few people know the truth. (a) little修饰*不可数名词*,a little(一点,肯定
8、),little(几乎没有,否定)。 There is a little milk left./ Little progress was made. 5.替代代词:one vs.onesone 替代*单数可数名词*,避免重复。 This book is old.I need a new one. ones 替代*复数可数名词*,避免重复。 The red apples are sweet, but the green ones are sour. 6.其他代词:other vs.another*other 表示“其他的”,后接复数名词,或与冠词连用(the other)。 Some stude
9、nts like math; others prefer English. another 表示“另一个”(泛指),后接单数名词,或接“数词+复数名词”。 Can I have another cup of tea? / We need another three chairs. 7.否定代词:nono修饰名词,表示“没有”,相当于“not any”。 There is no water in the bottle.(= There isnt any water.) 8.复合不定代词some- 用于*肯定句*或*请求疑问句*(如something, someone)。Someone is kn
10、ocking at the door./ Would you like something to eat? any- 用于*否定句*、*疑问句*或*条件句*(如anything, anyone)。Is there anything wrong? / I didnt see anyone. no- 表示否定(如nothing, nobody)。 Nobody knows the answer./ There is nothing in the box. *注意事项*: 1.复合不定代词的*形容词修饰语需后置*: - something important() / important someth
11、ing() 2.复合不定代词作主语时,*谓语动词用单数*: - Everyone is here.() / Everyone are here.() 9.易错点总结*1.*each vs.every*: - each可单独使用(Each of us),every必须接名词(every student)。 2.*few vs.a few*: - few表示否定(几乎没有),a few表示肯定(一些)。 3.*another vs.others*: - another后接单数(another book),others代替复数名词(others = other books)。 4.*复合不定代词*:
12、 - 疑问句中用any-,但请求建议时用some-(Would you like something?)。 二、不定代词练习选择1.Helen has two brothers._of them likes chocolate, but she loves it.A.NeitherB.NoneC.EachD.Any2.You can take._of the two toy carsand leave the other for your brother.A.bothB.noneC.either D.neither3 -Have you got anything to do this afte
13、rnoon,Lucy and Lily?-Yes._of us are going to help the old people.A.EachB.EitherC.BothD.All4.-Do you like Sichuan food?一Yes.My brothers and I._likehot food very much.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither5.I went to bookshops and libraries to look for information but found._A.noneB.bothC.oneD.neither【答案】ACCAA辨
14、析1._ of the students passed the exam.(Each/Every) 2.There is _ milk in the fridge.(a little/little) 3.Would you like _ tea? (some/any) 4.I need _ three days to finish the work.(another/other) 5._ is perfect.(Nobody/Anybody) 【答案】1. *Each*(强调个体) 2. *a little*(肯定,还有一点) 3. *some*(请求建议) 4. *another*(another + 数词 + 复数) 5. *Nobody*(否定含义) 4