1、Learning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions.1 Complete the sentences using suitable words from the text.The first letter of each word has been given.1.In many aspects natural clones,such as identical twins,do not d_ greatly from man-made ones.2.He was c_ down when the procedure h
2、e had used to produce a mammal clone ended in failure.3.Dust will a_ in a deserted house.4.Her memory is so excellent that she could remember the e_ namesifferastccumulatexact5.She was not a_ pleased at the corrections he made to her work.6.Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made n
3、o o_ to it.7.According to the constitution,it is compulsory for a citizen to u_ military service.8.The media has a m_ responsibility to report news truthfully.ltogetherbjectionsndertakeoral2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning.Rewrite the sentence when necessary.1.Comp
4、ared with her family,and especially her nephew,her niece Daisy is very honestabout her opinions.straightforward2.The decisions of the conservative factory leaders that had been made without any reasoncaused anger among the workers.The arbitrary decisions of the factory leaders caused anger among the
5、 workers.arbitrary3.Is the opera house in the business area of Beijing?4.The producer of the media programmedisagreed with Jennifer joining in the mercialmade an objection to5.Before you can make a loaf,you need to get some flour.6.You owe the lady an apology.I will not allow you to leave unless you
6、 apologize for what you have done.obtainwill forbid3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words plicated fate attain cast accumulate reform carrierAs Freddy the frog grew older,he only had one ambition left to _ to continue his career forever.To do this he thought that he would have to
7、 clone himself.The doctor explained that this was a _ procedure that he should consider carefully.Shortly after Freddy did some research,he discovered the _ of Dolly the sheep.It seemed as if attaincomplicatedfatea clone was a _ of more weaknesses than its original.Freddy was _ down and looked for s
8、ome way to _ the cloning procedure to avoid this problem.Sadly thisseemed impossible.So Freddy made up his mind to enjoy his singing and to _ as many happy experiences as he could so that when he retired he would be able to look back on his life with satisfaction.carrieraccumulatecastreformbe bound
9、to 注定;有义务做明天天气一定会变好。The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.我觉得有必要对你说,你酒喝得太多了。I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking too much.Explanation语法讲解1.同位语 the Appositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：1)名词Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.2)代词I myself will do
10、 the experiment.3)数词She is the oldest among them six.4)从句He told me the news that the plane hadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。5)由such as,that is引导Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very difficult to learn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。6)由of引导The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发
11、生了很大的变化。7)由or引导The freezing temperature,or freezing point,is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.There is going to be a Chinese film2.tonight.()2.She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.()3.Her wish is to become a teacher.()练习(一)表语谓
12、语表语4.He,my brother,managed to finish the work in time.()5.Tom came to ask me for advice.()6.We found it important to learn English.()7.Do you have anything else to wash?()同位语状语形式宾语定语8.To be honest,your writing isnt so good.()9.Would you please tell me your name?()10.They noticed a man enter the room
13、.()间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语插入语2.同位语从句the Appositive clause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question 等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。e.g.The hope that he
14、may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continueto do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come back.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.Word came that their team had won.同位语从句的表现形式:由that引导The fact that you have
15、nt enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.The problem that she later developed a se
16、rious lung disease bothered scientists.由whether引导The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由when引导I have no idea when they will go.有时可用 namely(即),that is to say(也就是说),in other words(换句话说),that is(那就是),for example等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。He told us the g
17、ood news,namely,the museum is open to all.There is only one way of improving your English,that is,to practice more.Altogether Dolly had lived for six years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。
18、We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句)同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句,news是told的
19、逻辑宾语)The order when we should go backhasnt reached us.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was foundedwill never be forgotten.(定语从句,day是founded 的逻辑状语)同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.(同)Do
20、you know the place where he was born?(定)同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。He heard the news that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句:The news was that their team had won.从引导词来看:引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，有具体词义,作宾语时还可以省略。例如：a)The factory _ we visited yesterda
21、y is a chemical one.b)The news _ he will leave for Shanghai is true.(that)that定语从句同位语从句1.Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子
22、连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3.Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online./Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold t
23、he viewthat teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4.Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.5.Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that
24、 students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.1.We dont think you two have met before.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)2.It is certain that John will do well in his exam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句).翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。3.Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Now is when we
25、 need him most.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)6.The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)1.I cant decide _ book I should buy.2.China is no longer _ it used to be.3.I am very interested in _ he improved his English i
26、n such a short time.4._ we need is more money.5.The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.6._ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.whichwhathowWhat.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空thatWhenwhere1.The news _ _ (她通过了高考)is exciting.2.Mike made a promise _ (他将帮助我学习英语)that she has passed the nationa
27、l college entrance examinationthat he would help me with my English.用名词性从句完成下列句子。1.The fact that Great Britain is made up three countries is known to us.2.The continent that consists of two countries is developing very fast.(同位语从句)(定语从句).指出划线部分是什么从句。3.The news that the plane will take off on time ma
28、kes everybody happy.4.The news that is spreading around the country is that a heavy storm is coming.5.The suggestion that we should learn something practical is worth considering.(同位语从句)(定语从句,表语从句)(同位语从句)1)The fact _ he used to be a thief is known to all.2)We were surprised by the fact _ she told us
29、.3)The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同that/which定that定.填入适当的连接词,并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句。4)Word came _ our army had won the battle.5)The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war_ might last for several years.6)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a h
30、urricane is likely to come.that同that同that同7)There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8)You have no idea _ anxious I was!9)The coat is in the place _ you left it.10)Then arose the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.where定where定that同how同Finish the exercises of“Discovering useful structures”on Page 14.Homework
