1、AdjectiveNounmajorhardracedistinctmajority1 Complete the following chart with new words from the text.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionAdjectiveNounItalian Korea PakistanDenmark ItalyKoreanPakistaniDenishVerb AdjectiveNounapplysimplemixillustrateappliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustratio
2、nsimplifysimplicity2 Complete these sentences,using new words from the text.1.A _ country consists of a group of states.2.That is the biggest _ church I have ever seen.federalcatholic3.The _ of us voted for Mr Red,who then became chairman of the committee.4.The _ of Education is one of the governmen
3、t departments.5.The economic _ in recent years has created more job opportunities.6._ shaped like a boot lies in the south of Europe.majorityMinistryboomItaly7.We should draw a _ between right and wrong.8.To make the crossing from Shandong to the Northeast,our ancestors suffered all kinds of _.9.The
4、 people from South or North _ are called Koreans.10.Nobody knows who will be _ as president or vice president of this country.distinctionhardshipKoreaelected3 Choose the words and phrases to fill in the blanks,changing their forms if necessary.aircraft crossing by means of make a life rail strait Ar
5、ctic My nephews first holiday to the _ was a delight.The scenery and the icebergs excited him.Looking across the Bering _ into Russia was something he would remember forever.To make the _ between these two great countries seemed as if it would take no time at all!Then he travelled across the ice _ a
6、 dog sled.It made the journey he had earlier done by _ seem very ordinary.Arcticstraitcrossingby means ofaircraftWhen he reached the North Pole,he found nothing exciting except for a sign marking the spot,but he did meet some scientists there who were studying the melting of the ice _ and for themse
7、lves among the snowy hills and plains.After a short break he took the local _ to fly back to Alaska and the sea voyage back home!railmaking a lifeoccur vi.存在,被发现;发生;想到,想起(to),(主语是事,宾语是人)These flowers occur in the tropics(热带).The sound doesnt occur in Chinese.When did the accident occur?An idea occur
8、red to me.It never occurred to him that she would fail.ExplanationGrammarNoun Clauses名词性从句Noun Clausessubjective clause主语从句objective clause宾语从句predicative clause表语从句appositive clause同位语从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.What it was to become was a mystery.2.I dont kno
9、w who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that,if,whether;连接代词who,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等。1)I think(that)wome
10、n can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2)I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered.3)Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?2.表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。引导宾语从句词有连词that,what,which,who,whom,whose等。除在句子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、表语、定语,且各有各的词义。Tom is no longer what he
11、 used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose nameshould be put on the top of the list.3.主语从句做主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中做主语,又称主语从句,引导主语从句的有连词that,whether,连接代词who,what,which,连接副词when,where,how,why等。That she left him cut
12、 him to the heart.What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.4.同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,hope,belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同为关系。They are familiar with the opini
13、on thatall matter consists of atoms.Where did you get the idea that I could not come.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.1.名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)；2.几对重要关联词的区别:whetherif,whatthat,whatwhatever,whowhoever,etc;3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句；4.根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点根据例句,讨论：1)whe
14、therif的区别Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow.It all depends on whether the sky will clear up.The question is whether the film is well worth seeing.Whether he will be well tomorrow Im not sure.Whether it is true remains a problem.WhetherIfABCDAA.引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后B.引导宾语从句,位于介词后
15、C.引导宾语从句,放句首D.引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句2)Whatthat的区别I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.His mother is satisfied with what he has done.That he was able to come made us happy.This is what makes us interested.The reason was that Tod had never seen the million-pound note before.所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语
16、或宾语汉语意义能否省略Whatthat缺不缺什么;所的东西、事情无意义否宾语从句中能省略3)whowhoever;whatwhatever的区别The spoken English competition is coming,Whowill attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.I believe whoever takes part in the competition will try his best.Can you tell me what you would like to order?Whatever happens,dont be s
17、urprised.All the food here is delicious.Just order whateveryou like.名词性从句让步状语从句whowhoeverwhatwhatever表示“谁”表示“的任何人”表“什么，所的东西、事情”表“的任何东西”/表“不论谁”/表“无论什么”4)常见的it作形式主语的结构It is a fact that he won the match.It is necessary that we do study the English.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines
18、.It seemed that he would come here.基本句型结构常用词语It is+名词+that从句It is+形容词+that从句It is+过去分词+that从句It+不及物动词+that从句It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is said/reported/decide/known/thatIt seemed/happened/doe
19、sntmatter/has turned out/thatSuggested answers to Exercise 3 on page 5:1.She pretended that she was a socialist,believing in socialism.2.It is not surprising that so many people love California.3.Why she didnt tell you herself is what I want to know/is what I cant explain.4.I wonder why he lied to m
20、e.Revising useful structures 5.The trouble was that she had lost her passport.6.It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.7.What George discovered in California was different from what he saw in the movies.8.Where they got all that money is what I want to know/is what I cant explain.Homework1.Summarize the rules of noun clauses and learn them by heart.2.Translate sentences:1)显而易见,英语很重要.(主语从句)2)玛利认为他会帮助她.(宾语从句)3)我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的.(同位语从句)4)问题是我们下一步该怎么做.(表语从句)
