1、九、名词性从句名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择，近几年高考的比例是越来越大。可见对名词性从句的重视程度。在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一。我们应该针对名词性从句包括的四种从句，能区别是什么从句、用什么样的连接词，熟悉必备的
2、基础知识，才能应对自如。考点一 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连 接 代 词 what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether引导That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务
3、非常重要。注意：(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt系动词形容词that从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt系动词名词that从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。CItbeved形式that从句。如：It is announced that the plan has
4、 been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain
5、is unclear.针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点二 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连 接 代 词 what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether，if引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你
6、应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come.请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我们对你是否参加会议
7、感兴趣。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？Ive been thinking abo
8、ut how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗？4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday
9、.她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was go
10、ing to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than s
11、ound.他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动 词 find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，
12、take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral.启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do
13、 more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不回来。考点三 表语从句常由连接词
14、that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge
15、 of this shop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word.
16、当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why.is that.。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。考点四 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义
17、，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。如：The s
18、tudent asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道当时他激动的原因。考点五 名词性从句需要注意的事项1that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are f
19、rom the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是“什么的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他会康复的
20、希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)Wht he said proved to be true.他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如：The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语)点击进入WORD文档
