1、话题词汇1.masterpiece n.杰作2.salon n.沙龙3.exhibition n.展览4.inspiration n.灵感；启发5.realism n.现实主义6.mirror v.反映7.best seller 畅销书8.work of art艺术作品9.full shot全景10.popular literature大众文学话题佳作请根据下面的内容，写一篇电影评论，向同学们介绍自己最喜欢的电影。1.片名：哈里波特与火焰杯(Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire)。2.剧情介绍：哈里波特已经成为霍格沃茨魔法学校四年级的学生，并成长为一位出色的魔
2、法师。他参加了令人激动不已的三强争霸赛，接受了很多挑战，可他没有想到这一切都是伏地魔的阴谋。3.评价：哈里波特与火焰杯是哈里波特系列电影中最精彩的一部。在这部电影中，所有的演员都表演得很好。参考词汇：霍格沃茨魔法学校Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry；三强争霸赛the Triwizard Tournament；伏地魔Voldemort；阴谋plot佳作欣赏Im glad to have a chance to introduce my favorite film to you.In my opinion，Harry Potter and the
3、 Goblet of Fire is the best film of all the series of the films about Harry Potter.In this film，Harry Potter is a fourthgrade student of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and has become an excellent magician.Harry attends the exciting Triwizard Tournament in which he receives many challenge
4、s.But to his great surprise，all these are just Voldemorts plot.All the actors and actresses in the film perform very well.In a word，Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is well worth seeing.名师点睛文章要点齐全，结构合理，语言简洁。高级词汇have a chance to do.，introduce.to，in ones opinion，to ones surprise，in a word，be worth
5、doing.等和定语从句.in which he receives many challenges.等的运用使文章表达通顺，过渡自然。.写作必记单词1.abandon vt.放弃，遗弃； n.放任，放纵2.witness v.目击； n.目击者3.occur vi.发生4.tremble vi.颤抖，发抖5.particularly adv.特别地；特定地particular adj.特别的6.loss n.遗失，丢失lose vt.使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失7.gather vi.&vt.聚集8.sorrow n.悲伤，难过9.burst vi.爆炸；闯，冲10.discourage vt.使泄
6、气，使灰心11.former adj.以前的12.eager adj.渴望的，热衷的eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地13.gradual adj.逐渐的gradually adv.逐渐地14.breakthrough n.突破，重大发现15.tense adj.紧张的tension n.紧张.阅读识记单词16.preserve vt.保护，保存17.characteristic adj.典型的18.sympathy n.同情sympathetic adj.同情的19.specific adj.详细的；特定的specifically adv.特别地；明确地20.significan
7、ce n.重要性；意义significant adj.重要的；重大的；显著的21.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的22.vivid adj.生动的，逼真的vividly adv.生动地；强烈地23.hardship n.艰苦，困苦24.suffering n.痛苦，困难suffer v.遭受；忍受25.admirable adj.令人钦佩的admire vt.钦佩26.severe adj.严重的；严厉的27.restriction n.限制，约束restrict vt.限制，限定28.unbearable adj.不能忍受的29.stubborn adj.倔强的，固执的30.tro
8、ublesome adj.引起麻烦的31.precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的32.expand v.扩大，扩充plex adj.复杂的34.apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的apparently adv.明显地，显而易见地35.applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌语境活用用所给词的正确形式填空1.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly(particular) when there are reasons to do so.(2016北京)2.Never at a los
9、s(lose) for words，I tried to find things in my life that might qualify for growth.(2016江苏)3.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually(gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016全国)4.There is a significant(significance) increase of opportunities.(2016浙江)5.He made his points with
10、 admirable(admire) clarity.6.Each week I eagerly(eager) counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there.(2016浙江)7.The information was in a specific(specifically) computer folder(文件夹).(2015安徽)8.All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy(sympathetic) rose up in my heart.(2014重庆)9.The
11、biggest restriction(restrict) on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something.(2014江苏)10.The characters are vividly(vivid) described.e into view出现2.knock sb.over撞倒某人3.once upon a time从前4.block out堵住5.in a way从某种程度上说6.on ones side侧身7.split up(使)解散；决裂8.on the way to在去的路上9.pay rise增加
12、工资10.name.after以的名字给某人/某物命名e across偶然遇见12.hold up支撑起13.count on依靠14.figure out理解，弄清楚15.end up以结束，以告终16.put up with容忍，忍受17.in particular特别，尤其18.now that既然，由于语境活用运用上述短语完成片段One cold winter day,1.on my way to(在我去的路上) the station，I 2.came across(偶然遇见) an old man lying 3.on his side(侧身)on the road.It seem
13、ed that he couldnt 4.hold himself up(支撑起自己).Perhaps he couldnt 5.put up with(容忍) the cold weather.6.Now that(既然) I saw him，I decided to help him whether I 7.figured out(弄清楚)what happened to him or not.1.now that.Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use i
14、t as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。仿写但是既然信息以不同的方式在被传播和监控，研究人员正在发现新的规则。(2016全国)But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.2.unless引导的条件状语从句Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand a
15、nything unless I touched it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。仿写天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。(2015江苏)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. abandon v.放弃(stop doing)；遗弃，抛弃(leave)；使沉溺于n.放任；放纵(1)They should abandon playing computer games and cheating in the exams.他们应该摒弃玩电脑游
16、戏和考试作弊。(2015广东)(2)He owned a farm，which looked almost abandoned.他有一个农场，看上去几乎废弃了。(2015广东)(1)abandon oneself to.放纵；沉溺于abandon doing.放弃做with abandon放纵地；尽情地(2)abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的单句语法填空(1)They were so excited that they jumped and shouted with abandon.(2)Finally，we ended up in an abandoned(abandon) vil
17、lage.(3)My doctor advised me to abandon smoking(smoke).(4)We are scared to abandon ourselves (we) to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control. preserve vt.维护；保留；保存；保护n.保护区(1)I think the museum has more advanced facilities to make the exhibition successful and to preserve the paintings wel
18、l.我认为博物馆有更先进的设施使展出成功并能保护好这些画作。(2)They were determined to preserve their leader from attacks.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受袭击。(1)preserve.from/against.保护免受be well preserved保存得很好nature preserve自然保护区(2)preservation n.维护；保护；保持基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)The sunglasses can preserve our eyes from/against the glaring sunshine.(2)At th
19、at time it was difficult to have ones body preserved(preserve) after his or her death.(3)We have taken effective measures to preserve(preserve) our natural resources.(4)Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs (should) be preserved (preserve) and handed down one genera
20、tion after another.(5)The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation(preserve).写作能力提升句式升级(6)The old town is well preserved and it has become a place of interest.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Well preserved，the old town has become a place of interest. witness v.当场看到，目击；见证n.目击者；证人；证据(1)Three weeks ago，I wit
21、nessed a small neardisaster a few miles west of here.三周前，我目睹了离这个地方几英里的西部发生的一次小灾难。(2015湖北)(2)She witnessed to having seen the man near the scene of the crime.她作证说在犯罪现场附近见过这个男子。(3)She will bear/give witness to his innocence.她要为他作证，证明他无罪。witness to doing.为作证；出庭证明；证实a witness to.的证人/证据,bear/give witness
22、 to/against为作证；证明(a) witness for作证；为辩护名师点拨bear/give witness to中witness 前不加冠词，且witness不用复数。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)He will be the lawyer to witness for you.(2)She witnessed to having seen/seeing(see) the man enter the building.(3)I was a witness to the accident.写作能力提升翻译句子(4)我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节、阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得
23、有点冷。Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall，but in winter you may feel a little cold. occur vi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生(1)Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.数年前发生了一件将永远改变我生活的大事。(2016江苏)(2)A wonderful idea occurred to him.他想到了一个好主
24、意。(3)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要的会议。sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起名师点拨表示“某人想起”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，e to sb.，e into ones mind等。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)An idea occurred to me.(2
25、)An idea came into my mind.(3)I hit/struck on an idea.(4)It suddenly occurred to me that I hadnt locked my door.写作能力提升句式升级(5)When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.(用occur改写)When I got home，it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom. burst v.爆裂
26、；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发(1)The river burst its banks and flooded the town.河水决堤，淹没了城镇。(牛津词典)(2)The police burst in and arrested the thief.警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。(3)Much to my surprise，she burst into tears the instant she read the letter.让我非常吃惊的是，她一读到这封信，就突然大哭起来。burst in/into突然闯进；破门而入burst out突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫burst out doin
27、g.burst inton.突然起来burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支基础知识训练完成句子(1)他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。He felt he would burst with anger and shame.(2)当校车抵达动物园时，汽车的门突然打开，孩子们冲了出去。When the school bus arrived at the zoo，the bus door burst open and all the children rushed out.写作能力提升同义句改写(3)Hearing the interesting story，all the people
28、present burst into laughter.Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst out laughing. discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心(1)Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.不要让任何的失败阻碍你，因为你永远不知道成功离你有多近。(2)His parents are trying to discourage him from bein
29、g an actor.他的父母竭力阻止他当演员。(3)Its discouraging that so many students have failed.那么多学生考试不及格，真令人泄气。(1)discourage doing sth.阻止做某事discourage sb.from doing sth.劝阻/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事(2)discouraged adj.泄气的，沮丧的，灰心丧气的(3)discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的(4)discouragement n.劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁单句语法填空(1)If you meet with any di
30、fficulty in your study，dont be discouraged(discourage).(2)The examination result is discouraging(discourage).(3)Lets start a campaign to discourage smoking(smoke) among the teenagers!(4)The loud music was a discouragement(discourage) to conversation.单句改错(5)He was discouraged going there alone.(6)Unf
31、ortunately，what is coming out of the US is desperately . eager adj.热切的；渴望的(1)Im eager to improve my oral English.I think I can improve it with your help.我渴望提高英语口语。我想在你的帮助下我是能够提高的。(2015四川)(2)She is so eager for success.她太渴望成功了。be eager to do.渴望做be eager for.急于得到be eager that.热切地希望(从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“s
32、houlddo”，should可省略)名师点拨(1)表达“急切/盼望(做)”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do.，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do.，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do.等。(2)too eager to do.急于做某事，而非“太着急而不能做”。词义辨析eager，anxious(1)eager着重强调对美好事物的向往，可译作“渴望的”，表示急于看到某事的发生。(2)anxious更多强调“焦急的，忧虑的”，表示担心某事发生。基础知识训练用eager，a
33、nxious填空(1)He is still absent，so I am quite anxious about his health.(2)She is eager for her parents approval.单句语法填空(3)The mother was eager to see(see) the doctor about her sick son.(4)He was desperately eager that he (should) come(come) back after more than a weeks absence from school.(5)Dont be to
34、o eager to cut(cut) those who have disappointed you from your life.(6)Remind yourself persistently to be aware and be eager for progress.写作能力提升一句多译(7)我们希望他能帮我们一把。We are eager for him to help us.We are eager that he (should) help us. hold up举起；支撑起；耽搁；抢劫(1)To show this，she held up one chopstick，repres
35、enting one person.为了说明这点，她举起一根筷子，代表一个人。(2015安徽)(2)We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.我们的供应品能维持多久，我们就能在这里呆多久。(3)The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long.每当你想放弃的时候，想一想你坚持这么久的原因。hold back阻挡；抑制；克制；控制hold on to抓住；保留hold out伸出；维持；给予希望；使有可能hold on(
36、电话用语)别挂断，等一下；坚持；紧紧抓住基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)He had to hold back tears as she left.(2)We must hold out and believe we can overcome the difficulties.(3)The roof is held up by wood.(4)He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.写作能力提升一句多译(5)在回家的路上，他们遇到了交通堵塞。On the way home，they were held up in a traffic
37、jam.On the way home，they got stuck in a traffic jam. put up with忍受，容忍(1)I dont know how you put up with their constant quarrelling.我不知道你是如何忍受他们无休止的争吵的。(朗文词典)(2)She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement.她为退休生活积攒了几千美元。(3)Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.士兵们攻进去镇压了一场叛乱。put forwa
38、rd提出(意见、建议等)put through给接通电话(to sb.)；做完，完成；使经受(痛苦)put aside把搁一边；储存(钱)put away收起；存钱；把放回原处put back放回原处；耽搁put down放下；写下，记下；镇压put on穿上；上演；增加体重put out扑灭火；关掉灯；伸出；出版；生产put off延期，推迟名师点拨put up with忍受，容忍，相当于bear，stand，tolerate等。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)Far water doesnt put out near fire.(2)Encourage children to put asi
39、de/away some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.(3)The association has put the event off until October.(4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.(5)Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal.(6)We cant put up with such terrible noises.写作能力提升一句多译(7)在我们学校里我们不能容忍这样的坏习惯。In our
40、school，we cant put up with such bad habits.In our school，we cant bear such bad habits.In our school，we cant stand such bad habits.In our school，we cant tolerate such bad habits. loss n.丧失，丢失，损失；亏损基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)He was lost in the beauty of the scenery.(2)Im at a loss about what I can do to help them
41、.(3)You must make up for this loss(lose).(4)He enjoyed his music，lost(lose) in happiness.写作能力提升句式升级(5)He was lost in his books and did not notice my coming.(用过去分词作状语改写)Lost in his books，he did not notice my coming.名师点拨(1)at a loss不知所措，困惑(2)lose v.丢失；损失，丧失lose face丢脸lose weight减肥be lost in陷入；全神贯注于 ga
42、ther v.聚集；采集完成句子(1)他很快就召集了一批群众。He soon gathered a crowd round him.(2)火车离站时逐渐加快了速度。The train gathered speed as it left the station.(3)庄稼已妥善收获完毕。 The harvest has been safely gathered in.(4)人们围拢来收听广播节目。People gather together to listen to the broadcast programmes. significance n.重要性；意义基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)I a
43、ttach great significance (significant) to the news.(2)The speech is of great significance.(3)He smiled significantly(significant) at his students.写作能力提升句式升级(4)Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant to his/her students.(用“beof名词”结构改写)Timely encouragement from a teacher is of great si
44、gnificance to his/her students.名师点拨(1)be of great significancebe very significant非常重要be of no significance无意义，不重要the significance of.的重要性(2)significant adj.重要的(3)significantly adv.显著地；别有含义地；意味深长地 expand vi.&vt.使变大，扩大，变大；扩张；膨胀；阐述单句语法填空(1)Their desire for expansion(expand) has increased.(2)His company
45、 expanded into a big one.(3)Could you please expand on/upon the matter a little further?名师点拨(1)expand on/upon详述；详细阐明expand into扩大成(2)expansion n.膨胀；扩张 block out堵住，遮住；不去想，忘记单句语法填空(1)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.(2)After the storm，many tall tree
46、s were blown down，blocking(block) out the roads.(3)Once you learn how to block out your surroundings，your focus will improve.名师点拨block表示“块”，通常是指带有直边或比较硬的材料构成的“块”，如木块、石块等。而汉语中的“一块面包”“一块肉”，不宜用block，可用piece，slice等。 Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use i
47、t as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。(1)Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.既然芝加哥的废水有效地排入了芝加哥河，这个城市的下一步任务就是清理被污染的河水。(2015湖南)(2)Since weve no money we cant buy a new car.因为我们没钱，所以没法买新汽车
48、。now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)as因为(语气较弱)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等基础知识训练单句改错(1)He was angry because what they said.(2)It must have ra
49、ined last night， the ground is wet.写作能力提升完成句子(3)既然你在这里，为什么不喝一杯呢？Now that/Since youre here，why not have a drink?(4)因为时间晚了，我现在要回家了。Since/Now that it is late，I shall go home now. Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解
50、。(1)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.除非你全身心地投入到你的工作中，否则你就不会获得成功。(2014湖南)(2)You wont catch the train if you dont hurry.你要是不赶快就赶不上火车了。(3)I wont attend the meeting unless invited.(省略形式)除非被邀请，否则我不会去参加会议。(1)unless “除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，从句有时可与if.not引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unle
51、ss引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。基础知识训练单句改错(1)I want you to keep working I dont tell you to stop.写作能力提升完成句子(2)除非有人叫她停止，否则她会一直唱下去。She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop.(3)要是不能额外弄一些钱，剧院将要关闭。Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close.教材与语法
52、填空Around the end of the first century AD，a Roman writer 1.called(call) Pliny wrote about a volcanic eruption that he had witnessed 2.as a young man.The eruption had occurred on August 24th,79 AD.The tragedy left a deep impression 3.on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the event.4.However，more than 1,60
53、0 years later，some scientists started 5.uncovering(cover) the lost towns that were buried under the ashes.Pompeii is like a “time capsule” 6.preserving(preserve) a frozen moment in history.7.Before the eruption occurred，it had been a booming Roman city with temples，markets，restaurants and theatres.T
54、oday you can visit these buildings by walking along the 8.original(origin) streets of the city.And 9.more than 250 years after scientists found the city，thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year 10.to learn(learn) more about the ancient world.教材与短文改错Helen Keller was a
55、 very specially girl who needed superb teacher.By the time she was seven year old，she still couldnt speak，read and write.Anne Sullivan，a teacher，was brought into to help Helen.Her the first goal was to stop Helens troublesome behavior.Helen would have to learn to understand words spelling on her han
56、d.Then one day，as the water flowed over one hand，Anne spells “water” into the other hand.Helen suddenly had a burst of understand.Finally，the world of words was opening up to him.答案Helen Keller was a very girl who needed superb teacher.By the time she was seven old，she still couldnt speak，read write
57、.Anne Sullivan，a teacher，was brought to help Helen.Her the first goal was to stop Helens troublesome behavior.Helen would have to learn to understand words on her hand.Then one day，as the water flowed over one hand，Anne “water” into the other hand.Helen suddenly had a burst of .Finally，the world of
58、words was opening up to .教材与微写作写作素材(关于人物描述)1.约翰的表哥是个固执、坦率的人。他渴望学习和扩充自己的知识。2.据说为了获得成功，他能忍受各种各样的苦难。3.而且，他想在一个特定的领域取得重大突破。4.他是个令人钦佩的人。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，whats more等表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)Johns cousin is a stubborn and straightforward man，who is eager to learn and expand his knowledge.
59、Its said that in order to achieve success，he can put up with all kinds of hardships.Whats more，he wants to make a big breakthrough in a specific area.He is an admirable person.单句语法填空1.We are all sure the strongminded man will not abandon pursuing(pursue) his dream.2.History has witnessed(witness) th
60、e endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.(2015重庆)3.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.(2014天津)4.Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering(gather) in war parties to protect their territory.(2016江苏)5.Hearing this，the whole class
61、burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red.6.The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged(discourage)and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.(2015福建)7.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred(occur).(2016北京)8.Joe is proud and stubborn，never admitting he is wrong a
62、nd always looking for someone else to blame.(2014浙江)9.The real reason why prices were，and still are，too high is(be) complex，and no short discussion can satis factorily explain this problem.(2015江苏)10.All around her，people were suffering(suffer)，especially the elderly.(2016北京) .阅读理解It is certain that
63、 when the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August,79 AD，it caught the local population unprepared.It is mainly thanks to the account of the younger Pliny that we have some understanding of what happened.And it is through him that we can gain insight into the reactions and feelings o
64、f the people caught up in the drama of this natural disaster.Plinys account leaves no doubt that everyone was caught unprepared.His uncle，known as the elder Pliny，was stationed in command of the imperial(帝国的) naval base at Misenum，on the northwest extremity of the Bay of Naples.He was not only the s
65、enior military officer in the district，but possibly the most wellinformed living Roman on matters of natural science.His 37volume Natural History is the longest work on science in Latin that has survived from antiquity(古代).His nephew told us that the elder Pliny was relaxed，after a bath and lunch，wh
66、en Vesuvius started to erupt.And the sighting of a column of smoke “like an umbrella pine” on the far side of the Bay caused a response more of curiosity than of alarm in him.The same account showed，however，that the signs were there.But they didnt realize the danger because the phenomenon was freque
67、nt in Vesuvius then.The eruption lasted for more than 24 hours from its start on the morning of 24 August.Those who fled at once had a chance of survival.It is clear that many，like the elder Pliny，thought their best chance was to take shelter and survived the storm.The hundreds of refugees shelterin
68、g in the street at the seaside in Herculaneum，holding their jewellery and money，met their end quickly.It is impossible to tell how many citizens died.The discovery of Pompeii is of huge importance for our modern day understanding of the ancient Roman world.Their destruction left important questions
69、unanswered，and made it impossible in many ways to gather a satisfactory understanding of the Roman world from them.语篇解读该篇文章主要讲述了根据小Pliny的一些历史记载，我们得知维苏威火山爆发时的一些情况。11.According to the passage，people nowadays have some understanding of the eruption of Vesuvius mainly through .A.the elder Plinys account
70、B.the younger Plinys accountC.the science book Natural HistoryD.the account of the survivors答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，主要是由于小Pliny的一些历史记载，我们才可以得知维苏威火山爆发时的一些情况。12.The elder Pliny was stationed at the naval base at Misenum .A.to take charge of the baseB.to observe the eruption of VesuviusC.to rescue the re
71、fugeesD.to work on Natural History答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第三句可知，老Pliny当时驻扎在Misenum，指挥着(in command of)这个海军基地。13.Many people，including the elder Pliny，didnt realize the danger from the Vesuvius eruption because .A.everything happened at nightB.they had no knowledge of volcanoesC.such eruption was frequent i
72、n Vesuvius thenD.they had no chance to take shelter答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，当时很多人，包括老Pliny在内并没有意识到维苏威火山爆发可能带来的灾难，是因为这种现象在当时是时常发生的。14.All of the following are true EXCEPT that .A.the elder Pliny made a great contribution to the discovery of PompeiiB.the eruption of Vesuvius took the local people by sur
73、priseC.countless lives were lost in a flash during the Vesuvius eruptionD.the discovery of Pompeii is of great importance for our knowledge of the ancient Roman world答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，庞贝城的出土发现，对我们当代人了解当时古罗马帝国的情况有着非常重要的历史意义，但并没有提到老Pliny为其出土做出了重大贡献。.七选五(2017河北石家庄二中联考)Nowadays，edictionaries are more
74、and more popular among students.They may be lighter and more compact(简洁的) than any paper dictionary. 15 However，Edictionaries should be limited in their use in classrooms，for there are many limits. 16 In Japan，prices range from 10,000 yen(100) to 40,000 yen，depending on how many functions you want a
75、nd depending on how fashionable you are.A trusty Random House paper dictionary costs 12.95 plus tax.Edictionaries are more fragile.Drop your paper dictionary.Go ahead.Hold it above your head and drop it. 17 Edictionaries have keypads. 18 Besides，it is more time consuming than looking through pages a
76、nd using the index at the top of each page.Finally，lets consider making corrections or additions.When you find something youd like to change in the edictionary，you can pencil in some notes with the paper type. 19 A.However，it is impossible to do so with a keypad model.B.They may even contain more wo
77、rds and expressions.C.Typing in the spelling of a word is harder.D.Now，try this with any lightweight plastic edictionary，and youll be picking up the pieces.E.That huge，heavy paper dictionary that you see in your library looks like a building block in size and weight.F.Edictionaries have advantages a
78、s well as disadvantages.G.Edictionaries are much more expensive.语篇解读文章主要介绍了电子词典，对比了电子词典和传统的纸质词典在重量、词汇量、价格、使用等方面存在的差异。15.答案B解析根据空前句子“They may be lighter and compacter than any paper dictionary.”可知，此处在讲电子词典的优势，选项中只有B项“它们甚至可能包含更多的单词和短语”是在描述电子词典的优点，另外B项中的may与上文句子相呼应。故选B。16.答案G解析根据下的“In Japan，prices rang
79、e from 10,000 yen (100)to 40,000 yen.A trusty Random House paper dictionary costs 12.95 plus tax.”可知电子词典比纸质词典在价格上高很多。故选G。17.答案D解析本段指出电子词典比较易碎，接下来进行对比。空前句子在讲试着扔纸质词典，那么这里应指“现在扔电子词典试试”。故选D。18.答案C解析根据空前句子“Edictionaries have keypads.”及空后句子“Besides，it is more time consuming than looking through pages and
80、using the index at the top of each page.”可知此处应指使用键盘输入单词是比较困难的。故选C。19.答案A解析本段主要对比电子词典和纸质词典在修正和标注方面的差异。在纸质词典上我们可以用笔在上面做标注，但是我们不可能用键盘去做。故选A。.完形填空(2017江苏溧水高级中学模拟)You and I agree to meet at four thirty.I show up at 4：33.I dont say anything，because thats close enough to satisfy our social 20 .Only after f
81、ive minutes do you 21 me to say，“Sorry，Im late.”At ten minutes I owe you an 22 ：“The freeway exit was closed.I had to go four miles out of my way.”After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious 23 .After forty minutes Id better not 24 at all.That sort of thingso formally 25 but never explici
82、tly stateddrives people from other cultures 26 .Anthropologists(人类学家) list the 27 things to cope with in a foreign land.Second only to the language barrier is the way we deal with 28 .Now psychologists look at our 29 of time in another way.They go into several countries and measure the 30 of life.Th
83、ey measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city residents walk.They time transactions(交易) in banks and post offices.They see 31 people take to answer questions.The Japanese keep a 32 of the fastest pace.Americans are a 33 second.Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the 34 .Italians
84、 give long answers to your questions.Indonesians dont 35 their bank clocks. 36 American cities，Boston and Kansas City are the fastest.New York is up there，of course，but we keep a faster pace here in Houston.Californias “slowpace” reputation is 37 ，as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.In
85、 a technologydense world，the tension of life has changed our view of time. 38 ，if we are smart enough，we should not live by the clock only when we have to.Now its 4：55.Im walking 39 ，towards our 4：30 meeting.语篇解读不同国家的人有不同的时间观念。作者认为时间是最难把握的东西之一。生活的压力改变了我们的时间观念，但是作者还是认为我们不应该绕着时钟，疲于奔命。20.A.contract B.c
86、onnectionC.construction D.confidence答案A解析根据常识可知，如果迟到较短的时间，对方是不会说什么的，因为这与我们社会契约所要求的非常接近。contract契约，合同，social contract社会契约，符合语境。21.A.order B.intendC.require D.expect答案D解析根据上文内容可知，迟到3分钟没什么关系，但是迟到5分钟，对方就希望你说对不起了。expect期望，expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事，符合语境。22.A.action B.announcementC.explanation D.eruption
87、答案C解析根据空后的内容可知，这是向对方解释迟到的原因。explanation解释，符合语境。23.A.apology B.excuseC.option D.opinion答案A解析承接上文内容，如果迟到20分钟，就必须进行完全的、认真的道歉。apology道歉，符合语境。24.A.look up B.stay upC.keep up D.show up答案D解析如果迟到40分钟，最好就别去了，也就是别出现了。show up出现，露面，符合语境。25.A.observed B.introducedC.impressed D.imitated答案A解析以上关于迟到的内容都是一些不成文的规定。尽管
88、没有被明确阐述，但是被正式地遵守。observe遵守，遵循，符合语境。26.A.immoral B.unawareC.crazy D.thrilled答案C解析由于来自其他文化的人对这些不成文的规定并不了解，所以这些不成文的规定会使得那些人很抓狂。drive sb.crazy使某人发疯，使某人抓狂，符合语境。27.A.fastest B.toughestC.strangest D.funniest答案B解析由下一句中的barrier可知，人类学家所列出来的都是最难处理的事情。toughest最艰难的，符合语境。28.A.study B.timeC.budget D.transport答案B解析
89、上文提到了迟到的问题，迟到就是与时间有关，the way we deal with time我们处理时间的方式，符合语境。29.A.view B.commentC.contact D.phenomenon答案A解析根据下文内容可知，心理学家对不同国家的人的时间观念进行了调查和对比。view of time对时间的看法，时间观念，符合语境。30.A.rhyme B.paceC.ratio D.session答案B解析根据下文内容可知，日本人的生活节奏最快，说明心理学家在估量人们的生活节奏。the pace of life生活节奏，符合语境。31.A.how often B.how farC.ho
90、w soon D.how long答案D解析根据上文内容可知，心理学家所研究的都与时间有关，此处他们想要知道不同国家的人回答问题需要花多长时间。how long多长时间，符合语境。32.A.tradition B.noteC.record D.secret答案C解析根据空后“the fastest pace”可知，日本人的生活节奏最快，也就是保持着一个纪录。keep a record of.保持一个纪录，符合语境。33.A.narrow B.shallowC.close D.severe答案C解析根据上下文内容可知，日本人生活节奏最快，美国人紧随其后。close接近的，靠近的，a close
91、second和第一名很接近的第二名，符合语境。34.A.mood B.addressC.reference D.list答案D解析心理学家对他们所记录的内容进行了排序，形成一个列表，日本人生活节奏最快，美国人紧随其后，意大利人和印度尼西亚人在这个列表的最后。at the bottom of the list在列表的最后，符合语境。35.A.take over B.care aboutC.reply to D.answer for答案B解析上文提到意大利人和印度尼西亚人排在最后，也就是他们的生活节奏最慢，时间观念也没有日本人和美国人强。因此印度尼西亚人对银行里的时钟是否准确也不关心。care a
92、bout关心，符合语境。36.A.Off B.AmongC.Despite D.Besides答案B解析下文的Boston，Kansas，New York和Houston等都是美国的城市。among American cities在美国的城市中，符合语境。37.A.ruined B.accomplishedC.erased D.deserved答案D解析洛杉矶的生活节奏最慢，而洛杉矶是加利福尼亚州的一个城市，因此加利福尼亚州有生活节奏慢的名声是理所当然的。be deserved是应得的，即加利福尼亚州应该得到这个声誉，故选D项。38.A.However B.ThereforeC.Thus D.Rather答案A解析上文提及生活压力改变了我们的时间观念，下文说到在没必要的时候我们不应该围绕着时间生活，两句之间存在明显的转折关系，故选A项。39.A.consistently B.unconsciouslyC.unhurriedly D.anxiously答案C解析此处是指作者的幽默。由于上文作者认为我们不应该围绕着时钟疲于奔命，因此此处讲的是“现在是4：55，而我正在不慌不忙地走去参加4：30的会面”。unhurriedly不慌不忙地，符合语境。
