1、123重难类题目精研第二讲推理判断题重难类题目精研第三讲主旨大意题重难类题目精研第四讲词义猜测题议论文文章的论点往往会直接或间接的表明作者的态度立场说明文作者往往采取中立的态度记叙文作者往往不直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，读文时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词语故事类记叙文目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)广告类应用文目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise)议论文目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade)科 普、文 化 类说明文目的大多是介绍知识(to inform)语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自己经历的三个故事说明了“兼听则明，偏信则暗”的
2、道理。正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括得范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。AThe Kindness
3、of Friends通读全文可以知道“父亲和音乐”这两个关键词贯穿全文，父亲对音乐的喜爱以及音乐给父亲带来的力量是文章的主线，而钢琴师和父亲之间的友谊只是一条副线，所以用这个作标题不适合。以偏概全，主次不分BThe Power of Music全文着重描述了录制父亲的音乐的过程。父亲已经病入膏肓，行动迟缓，表达自己都很困难。但是在钢琴师和家人的鼓励之下，创造出自己人生最辉煌的作品并且还举办了一个由钢琴师代为演奏的音乐会。由此父亲感到非常满足，能够以积极的心态看待自己的疾病。所以用“The Power of Music”作为文章的标题能够涵盖全文的内容。涵盖性强，覆盖全文CThe Making
4、of a Musician父亲只是一个音乐爱好者，应该还算不上一个音乐家，所以这个作标题，不恰当。以偏概全，主次不分DThe Value of Determination父亲在身患重病的情况之下，能够创造出新的作品，的确是需要决心，但是文章主要描写的是音乐对于父亲的影响，所以用这个作标题不合适。以偏概全，主次不分A社交媒体对孩子的影响文章详细介绍了一些社交app对孩子的影响。涵盖性强，覆盖全文B社交媒体对孩子的重要性文中提及了社交媒体与孩子，但并未提及社交媒体对孩子的重要性。无中生有，生搬硬套C建立健康关系的问题这种说法过于宽泛。过于笼统，不知所云D减少社交媒体风险的措施文章末尾提到了一些解决
5、措施，但这不能概括全文内容。以偏概全，主次不分AThe shapes of volcanoes.本段主要介绍了两种类型火山的形成过程。涵盖性强，覆盖全段BThe impacts of volcanoes.这一段中有提到火山的影响，但不是主要内容。以偏概全，主次不分CThe activities of volcanoes.本段提到了火山的活动情况，但这只是本段的一项内容。以偏概全，主次不分DThe heights of volcanoes.这一段中有提到火山的高度，但不是主要内容。以偏概全，主次不分语篇解读：本文主要解释说明了为什么交织学习法能够产生惊人的学习效果。典例(江苏高考阅读D节选)2S
6、ome 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.65.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 ref
7、er to？A.Countries where their people need help.B.Powerful states with higher civilization.C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D.Governments ruled with absolute power.分析通过画线词后的定义“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知，tyrannies应意为“专政，暴君统治”，故正确答案为D项。典例(江苏高考阅读B节选)Chimps(黑猩猩)will
8、 cooperatein certain ways,like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.分析根据下文的举例“like gathering in war parties to protect their territory”可推知，画线单词的意思应是“合作”。典例(2018江苏高考阅读B节选)3Lighting matters,too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldnt tell how much theyd had:those g
9、iven extralarge shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiser they didnt feel fuller,and they were just as ready for dessert.58.The underlined phrase“none the wiser”in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _.A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to shar
10、e food with others C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided分析根据下文“they didnt feel fuller,and they were just as ready for dessert”中的“they didnt feel fuller”可知，“none the wiser”与“they didnt feel fuller”意思相同，意为“他们不感觉更饱”，即none the wiser意思就是not aware of eating more than usual，故选
11、择A项。典例(2017江苏高考阅读B节选)1Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances
12、,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).Newborn chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_”A.be the worstBbe the best C.be just as bad Dbe just as good分析本段一开始提到婴儿在辨别母亲的声音方面能力非常强，
13、然后用了一个转折连词“But”，说明其后的内容“鸟类在胎教方面应该是做得最好的”。故选B。典例(江苏高考阅读D节选)She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes.分析根据画线词后面的原因状语从句“because she couldnt afford shoes”可推知，barefooted的意思为“光着脚的”。典例(2019北京高考阅读D节选)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide
14、(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytopl
15、ankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients.43What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive.BBeneficial.CSignificant.DUnnoticeable.分析根据画线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplank
16、ton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断浮游植物对海洋变暖趋势比较敏感。故选A。典例(2019全国卷阅读B节选)I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just
17、need a little persuading.So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up，“Alright.Yes，Ill do it.”25What does the underlined phrase“
18、tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?AEncourage teamwork.BAppeal to feelings.CPromote good deeds.DProvide advice.分析根据构词法知识可知：heartstrings是由heart strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。联系上文“She may just need a little persuading.”可知对方需要更有说服力的东西，所以此处是指作者试图打开她的心结，所以选B。典例(江苏高考阅读D节选)5Athens reached the point when th
19、e freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and responsibility for the common good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on
20、no other terms.Athens,the Athens of Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.68What does the sentence“There could be only one result.”in Paragraph 5 mean?AAthens would continue to be free.BAthens would cease to have freedom.CFreedom would come from responsibility.DFreedom would stop Athens from selfdependence.分析根据“There could be only one result.”后面的内容可知，古希腊的雅典人拒绝承担责任，根据常识我们可以推知他们拒绝承担责任的结果就是他们的自由走向了尽头。故正确答案为B项。
