1、第五讲 词性转换 高考感悟单句语法填空12019全国卷 Her years of hard work have _(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.finally考查副词。副词修饰动词 acknowledge。22019全国卷But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its _(wonder)wonderful考查词性转换(名
2、词变形容词)。系动词 is 后面跟形容词作表语。wonder 对应的形容词是 wonderful。32019 全国卷They also shared with us many _(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _(huge)popular with tourists.traditionalhugely第一空考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词 stories，故应用 tradition 的形容词形式 traditional。第二空考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词 popular，故应用 huge 的副词形式 hugely
3、。be hugely popular with 非常受欢迎。42019北京卷Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _(meaning)college experience.meaningful 考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。用形容词修饰名词 college experience。52018
4、全国卷This switch has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.pollution考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease“降低；减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute 的名词形式是 pollution。62018全国卷A taste for meat is _(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chic
5、kens，pigs，and cattle.actually 考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰 be behind the change 用形容词 actual 的副词形式 actually。72018全国卷According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe)fertilizer consumption.global 考 查 词 性 转 换 之 名词 变 为 形 容 词。修饰 名 词 短 语 fertilizer consumption 应用形容词，名词 globe 的形容词形式是 g
6、lobal。82018浙江卷The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be _(afford)but doing this most days adds up.affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词 affordable。考点研析考点一 派生法在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。1形容词变副词的后缀规则示例 一般情况加-lyslowslowly adv.缓慢地comm
7、oncommonly adv.普通地immediateimmediately adv.立刻地以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-lyhappyhappily adv.高兴地steadysteadily adv.稳定地busybusily adv.繁忙地noisynoisily adv.吵闹地heavyheavily adv.沉重地healthyhealthily adv.健康地以-le结尾，去掉e加-ysimplesimply adv.简单地gentlegentlyadv.温柔地terribleterribly adv.可怕地possiblepossibly adv.可能地probable
8、probably adv.可能地comfortablecomfortably adv.舒服地以-ic结尾，加-allyeconomiceconomically adv.经济地scientificscientifically adv.科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely,truly,politely,widely,nicely,closely,fortunately,surprisingly,increasingly,hurriedly,shyly2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfa
9、shionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的-almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的formformal 正式的nationnational 全国的-fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的carecareful 细心的useuseful 有用的su
10、ccesssuccessful 成功的helphelpful 有帮助的-edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的worryworried 担心的borebored 感到厌倦的exciteexcited 激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined 加下划线的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的worryworrying 令人担心的boreboring 令人厌烦的 -ibleaccessaccessib
11、le 容易达到的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的-iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的-ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽
12、默的 -sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的-ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的rainrainy 有雨的snowsnowy 有雪的sunsunny 阳光明媚的windwindy 有风的cloudcloudy 阴天的-erneasteastern 东方的；向东的northnorthen 北方的；向北的westwestern 西方的；向西的southsouthern 南方的；向南的 -ishchildchildish 孩子气的foo
13、lfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的-icsciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的 -aryimagineimaginary 想象中的3.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage 不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密-domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧-encedifferentdi
14、fference 差异silentsilence 沉默 -nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意darkdarkness 黑暗 -thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情truetruth 真实widewidth 宽度 -y-ty-itycruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任 4动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapproveapproval 赞成
15、；批准arrivearrival 到来；到达survivesurvival 幸存proposeproposal 提议；建议-anceappearappearance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目 -enceexistexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅 -ionattractattraction 吸引constructconstruction 建设educateeducation 教育evaluateevaluation 评估graduategraduat
16、ion 毕业 -ationexpectexpectation 期待；期望explainexplanation 解释considerconsideration 考虑imagineimagination 想象力starvestarvation 挨饿inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬 -(s)sion discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学 -inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始 -mentachieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩
17、论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 设备 -ure-turefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发 -yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现 其他rowgrowth 成长；发展choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势5.表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词-erc
18、leancleaner 清洁工reportreporter 记者strangestranger 陌生人-orinventinventor 发明者visitvisitor 游客directdirector 导演 -arlieliar 说谎者begbeggar 乞讨者，乞丐-eeemployemployee 雇员interviewinterviewee 参加面试者traintrainee 受训者；学员 -esshosthostess 女主人actactress 女演员 -ianmusicmusician 音乐家politicspolitician 政治家historyhistorian 历史学家
19、-istartartist 艺术家sciencescientist 科学家pianopianist 钢琴家 -ant serveservant 仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手；图书管理员 6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词dis-agreedisagree 不同意advantagedisadvantage 缺点；劣势appeardisappear 消失comfortdiscomfort 不舒适的honestdishonest 不诚实的 il-legalillegal 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的前
20、缀im-politeimpolite 无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的moralimmoral 不道德的in-formalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的directindirect 间接引起的ir-regularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的mis-leadmislead 误导understandmisunderstand 误解前缀un-usualunusual 不寻常的willingunwilling 不愿意的happyunhappy 不高兴的knownunknown
21、不出名的后缀-lesshopehopeless 绝望的endendless 没完没了的carecareless 粗心的helphelpless 无助的useuseless 无用的 7.变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀 例词 前缀en-ableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实；使丰富dangerendanger 危及courageencourage 鼓励-en broadbroaden 使变宽riperipen 使成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽shortshorten 变短deepdeepen 加深darkdarken 使变暗
22、hardharden 使变硬 后缀-ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化beautybeautify 美化后缀-izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调memorymemorize 记住realrealize 认识到；实现即学即练(单句语法填空)12020青岛质量检测They might not be used to having total _(free)to plan their days and nights.freedom考查名词。句意：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的
23、白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作 having 的宾语，故填 freedom。22020 黑龙江大庆第一次检测Teachers Day is a festival celebrating the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and _(educate)in China.educators 考查名词。句意：在中国，教师节是一个庆祝具有 2 300 年尊师重教历史传统的节日。设空处为连词 and 连接的两个并列成分之一，其词性应与 teachers 一致。educator 意为“教育工作者”，为可数名词，故此处应填复数形式 educato
24、rs。32020湖北七市联考Flowering in May,peonies large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and _(rich)in traditional Chinese culture.richness 考查名词。空前 and 一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and 前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词 rich 的名词形式是 richness。42020 武汉武昌区调研In order to understand the role and function of belief i
25、n our society,one way is to compare the _(different)between a society with belief and a society without it.differences句意：为了理解信念在我们社会中的作用和功能，一个方法就是比较一个有信念的社会和一个无信念的社会的差异。设空处前有定冠词修饰，应用名词；根据句意，此处指不止一个差异，应用名词复数形式。52020江西五校第一次联考The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to
26、 human _(healthy)health 考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式作宾语。human health 意为“人类健康”，作介词 to 的宾语。62020河南豫北名校质量评估Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its _(taste)beef,soup and noodles.tasty 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词 tasty，意为“美味的，可口的”。72020临川一中等九校联考China is expected to rol
27、l out 5G,the next generation of _(wire)technology,next year.wireless 考查形容词。句意：中国明年有望推出无线技术的下一代5G技术。此处指代无线技术，修饰名词 technology，应用形容词，故填wireless。82020日照联考The museums online store now offers special cultural and _(create)products.For example,in 2014,it started to make T-shirts that look like an emperors
28、coat.creative 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。92020福州四校联考I have noticed how the music can change ones view,and I am thankful for the way musicians work to the best of their _(able)to provide this music for their audience.abilities 考查词性转换。根据空前的 their 可知，空处应用名词形式，且ability 作“能力”讲时为可数名词，结合语境可知，应用其复数形式，故填 abilities
29、。to the best of ones ability 竭尽全力。102020兰州诊断考试Forrester said these _(product)and services have definitely improved customer experience,developing national and _(globe)economy at the same time.productsglobal 第一空考查名词。product 是可数名词，且根据空前的 these 可知，此处应填复数形式，故填 products。第二空考查形容词。根据空前的national and 和空后的 ec
30、onomy 可知，此处应用形容词，填 global。112020 安徽安庆模拟The Chinese New Year _(celebrate)is also known as the Spring Festival.It lasts 15 days.celebration 考查名词。句意：中国新年的庆祝活动也被叫作春节。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词形式，根据系动词 is 可知，主语应为单数，故填 celebration。122018全国卷To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to _(str
31、ength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.strengthen 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词 strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。132020石家庄一模A calligrapher can control the _(thick)of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink.thickness 考查名词。根据空前的 the 和空后的 of 可知，空处应用名词形式，故填
32、thickness。142020唐山一模They concluded that,on average,the _(long)of eye contact was three seconds.Few people preferred gazes that lasted longer than nine seconds.length 考查名词。句意：他们的结论是，眼神交流的平均时长是三秒钟。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为 that 从句中的主语，且其前有定冠词the 限定，其后又有 of 修饰，应用名词形式，故填 length。考点二 转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法
33、词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化规则例词注意 名词动词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)动词名词look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat(v./n.)聊天high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。形容词动词empty(adj.空的v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v.使变暖)形容词副词hard(
34、adj.难的adv.努力)high(adj.高的adv.高)deep(adj.深的adv.深)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽)high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。即学即练2020黑龙江省大庆市第一次检测Normally,on this day,teachers around the nation enjoyed a days vacation and were given _(dry)meat as gifts.dried 考查非谓语动词。本句已有并列谓语 enjoyed 和 were given，设空处修饰名词 meat，且 dry 和 meat 之间是逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作前置定语，填 dried。
