1、Unit 16Stories人生感悟如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”Sir Winston，Churchill内容要求：1你对该引语的理解；2.你的相关经历；3.恰当的结尾。_This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right af
2、ter failures.Rather should keep trying with enthusiasm.Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.At the age of twelve，I got a nice bike as a birthday gift.So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it.However，it was harder than expected.The bike seemed t
3、oo heavy and difficult to control.Worse still，I took many falls off the bike.I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.With more practice，I did better and better.Looking back，I feel I wouldnt be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.Actually，we cant succeed in everyth
4、ing we try.Whats important is that we should stick at it.根据句临摹临摹1：他工作如此努力，以至于提前一年获得了博士学位。_he obtained hisdoctors degree ahead of schedule.根据句临摹临摹2：梦想着给自己买一台电脑，他打算今年暑假打工。_，he plans to havea working summer holiday this year.答案：1.So hard did he work that2Dreaming of buying himself a computer. 核心单词识记(一)
5、写作单词识记1abandon(vt.)放弃，遗弃2preserve(vt.)保护，保存3witness(v.)目击，为作证(n.)目击者，见证人4occur(vi.)发生5gather(vi.&vt.)聚集6sympathy(n.)同情7burst(vi.)爆炸；冲，闯8eager(adj.)渴望的，热衷的9expand(v.)扩大，扩充10apparent(adj.)明显的，显而易见的11uncertain(adj.)不确定的(二)阅读单词识记1fantasy n想像(幻想)物2tremble vi.颤抖，发抖3loss n遗失，丢失4characteristic adj.典型的5sorro
6、w n悲伤，难过6specific adj.详细的，特定的7abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的8suffering n痛苦，困难9precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的10complex adj.复杂的11breakthrough n突破，重大发现12applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌(三)核心单词拓展1particularly(adv.)特别地；特定地particular(adj.)特别的，特定的，特有的2significance(n.)重要性；意义significant(adj.)重大的，有意义的3origin(n.)起源，开端；出身original(adj.)最初的，起源的4r
7、estriction(n.)限制，约束restrict(vt.)限制，约束5unbearable(adj.)不能忍受的bearable(adj.)可忍受的bear(v.)忍受6criteria(n.)(评判的)标准(复数)criterion(n.)(评判的)标准(单数). 核心短语背诵1once upon a time从前2block out堵住3come into进入；得到4knock sb.over撞倒某人5in a way从某种程度上说 6on ones side侧身7split up(使)解决；决裂8refer to谈到，提及9hold up支撑起10count on依靠11figur
8、e out理解12name.after以的名字给某人某物命名13come across偶然遇见14end up以结束，以告终15put up with容忍，忍受16in particular特别，尤其. 经典句式精练1Now that(既然)Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)2Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then unde
9、rstand anything unless I touched it(除非我用手触摸它)(unless引导条件状语从句)3Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up(好像他正准备起床)(as if引导表语从句)4I thought it strange(认为这很奇怪)that my teacher could not show me love.(think itadj.that./to do.)5The word“think”was also a difficult one for Helen but sh
10、e had a breakthrough while working on a simple task(从事一项简单工作时)(状语从句中的省略)6Uncertain about how to fix them(拿不准如何安装它们)，she stopped to think carefully.(形容词短语作状语)7It was the first time(这是第一次)Helen had understood such a complex worda word for something she couldnt touch.(It is/was the first time that.句型)8
11、As Helens knowledge and vocabulary expanded，she asked more and more(越来越多的)questions.(more and more表示越来越多的)9Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain，blocking out the sun(遮挡住太阳)and burying everything in its path，including whole villages and towns.(动词ing作结果状语). 课文语法填空根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。Stories
12、 from HistoryAround the end of the first century AD，a Roman writer 1.called(call)Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he 2.had witnessed(witness)as a young man.The eruption had occurred on August 24th,79 AD.The tragedy left 3.a deep impression on Pliny 4.who had lost an uncle in the e
13、ruption.However，more than 1,600 years later，some scientists found the lost towns that 5.had been buried(bury)under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius.Pompeii is like a“time capsule”preserving a frozen moment in history.6.Before the eruption occurred,7.it had been a booming Roman city with temples，markets，r
14、estaurants and theatres.Today you can visit these buildings by walking along the 8.original(origin)streets of the city.And 9.more(many)than 250 years since excavations started，thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year 10.to learn(learn)more about the ancient world.联想微
15、空间1.以some结尾的形容词troublesome惹麻烦的awesome令人敬畏的handsome潇洒的boresome烦人的likesome讨人喜欢的2.un为否定前缀的词unbearable不能忍受的unbelievable不能相信的uncomfortable不舒服的unconditional无条件的uncertain不确定的3.介词way短语in a way从某种程度上说by the way顺便说一下in the way妨碍；挡道on the way在的路上across the way路对面，街对面abandon vt.放弃，遗弃n.放任，放纵高考佳句(2017全国卷)However，
16、these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.但是，这些计划因为财政问题被抛弃。考点必记(1)abandon oneself to沉溺于，纵情于abandon doing sth.放弃做某事(2)with abandon纵情地，放任地(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的单句语法填空The boy felt abandoned(abandon)by the world.So he abandoned himself(he)to playing(play)computer games and thought
17、 that life was boring.His teacher and classmates helped him abandon the idea and abandon playing(play)computer games with their love.男孩感觉被这个世界所抛弃了。因此他沉湎于玩网络游戏并认为生活是无聊的。他的老师和同学用爱帮助他放弃了这种想法并不再沉迷于网络游戏。The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。写作佳句Many students aba
18、ndon themselves to the computer games nowadays，which worries their parents a lot.如今很多学生迷恋于电脑游戏，这使得他们的父母很担心。形象识记preserve vt.保护，保存；维护高考佳句(2015湖北卷)Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies.许多人正在努力保护这些小马。考点必记(1)preserve sb./sth.from/against.保护某人/某物免于preserve sth.adj.把某物保存得(2)preservation n保护
19、，保存in an excellent state of preservation保存完好单句语法填空Social activities usually preserve old people from/against the loneliness of old age.社交活动通常防止老年人晚年孤独。The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation(preserve)；they are of great value to our study.这些画保存完好，它们对我们的研究有很大价值。At that time it was dif
20、ficult to have ones body preserved(preserve)after his or her death.在那时人死后，尸体是很难保存的。名师指津preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve意为“保留；预订”。witness vt.& vi.目击；亲见；作证；为作证n.见证人；目击者高考佳句(2017浙江卷)Italy，which has a much weaker tradition of immigration，has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.意大利移民传统
21、不太好，最近几年已经见证了移民的急剧增长。考点必记(1)witness for/against作有利于/不利于的证明witness to(doing)sth.证明(做)某事(2)be a witness to是的目击者；是的证据give/bear witness to为作证，证明单句语法填空The ruins of these temples bear/give witness to the past greatness of the Roman Empire.这些庙宇的废墟见证了罗马帝国过去的辉煌。His good health is a witness to the success of
22、the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。She witnessed to having seen(see)the man enter the building.她作证说看到此人进了那栋建筑物。名师指津witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接做主语，表述既简洁又形象。The world has witnessed(witness)Chinas development in space.世人已经见证了中国在太空方面的发展。语境助记The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the pol
23、ice and promised to be a witness.目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。写作佳句Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall，but in winter you may feel a little cold.我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。occur vi.发生；出现；存在高考佳句(2017江苏卷)A great decline in young work force is likely t
24、o occur in China，for instance.在中国可能出现年轻劳动力大大减少。考点必记sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某事被某人想起It occurs/occurred to sb.that.某人想起It occurs/occurred to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事(1)完成句子/单句语法填空Didnt it occur to you that he might be interested in it?你当时没有想到他可能对此事感兴趣吗？It occurred to me to see(see)her in hospital yesterd
25、ay.昨天我突然想到去医院看望她。(2)单句改错A brilliant idea was occurred to me.去掉wasWhen did the accident occur to.去掉to(2016北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occur.occuroccurred写作佳句(2014辽宁卷)Along with your wonderful innovation，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what
26、 materials you use.你需要和你奇妙的创新一起提交一份报告，解释你怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。burst vi.爆炸；冲，闯；爆裂；突然发生，突然出现n.爆发，突发教材原句The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.因为天然气管道的破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。考点必记(1)burst into/in突然闯进；破门而入burst out突然迸发；爆发burst into tears/laughterburst out crying/laughing突然大哭/大笑burst with anger/joy/grief勃然大怒
27、/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝(2)a burst of突发的响声；情感的突然爆发单句语法填空I dont know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。A burst of hand clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。The police burst
28、in(through the door)and arrested him.警察突然闯进(房门)并逮捕了他。形象识记名师指津burst into和burst out都含有“突然”之意，burst into后接名词，burst out后接动词ing形式。Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying(cry)/burst into tears.她一听到这悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。写作佳句After hearing the interesting story，the students burst into laughter.
29、听到那个有趣的故事后，学生们放声大笑。discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻高考佳句(2017全国卷)Yet instead of being discouraged by my low progress，I was excited.然而进步慢并没有使我灰心，我是激动的。考点必记discourage sb.from doing sth.劝/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事discouraged adj.泄气的，沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的discouragement n劝阻；泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折，气馁单句语法填空His parents t
30、ried to discourage him from going(go)abroad，but failed.他父母试图阻止他出国，但是失败了。(2014福建卷)This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged(discourage)right after failures.温斯顿丘吉尔的引用语告诉我们失败之后不应该泄气。The examination result is discouraging(discourage)这次考试结果令人沮丧。Lets start a campaign
31、to_discourage(discourage)smoking among the teenagers!让我们发起一项运动劝阻青少年抽烟。He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up.Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)写作佳句I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wan
32、ting to be a director.我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。expand vt.使扩大，使扩展vi.扩大，扩充，扩展，详述英汉词典We must build on our reputation to expand the business.我们必须以信誉为基础扩大业务。考点必记expand into(使)扩大成expand on/upon sth详述，详细阐明某事单句语法填空He was so eager to expand(expand)his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slow
33、ly towards his door.他如此急切地盼望扩大他的农场以致他没有注意到小河正缓慢地流向他家的门。He asked his teacher to expand on/upon the steps of programming.他要求老师详细阐述编制程序的步骤。(2015安徽卷)Their expanding(expand)business became a large corporation in 1996.由于他们业务的扩张，在1996成为了一家大公司。significance n重要性；意义；含义有道词典What is the significance of life？Is t
34、here any criterion for its measurement? 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义？这有什么标准可以衡量吗？考点必记(1)be of great significancebe very significant非常重要be of no significance无意义/不重要the significance of.的重要性/含义(2)significant adj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；significantly adv.有重大意义地；意味深长地 单句语法填空Few people realized the significance(significant)o
35、f the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。He smiled significantly(significant)at his students.他意味深长地对他的学生笑了。Innovation in car design is very significant.Innovation in car design is of great significance.(用“beof名词”结构改写句子)eager adj.渴望的，热衷的高考佳句(2017全国卷)They are eager to have a shopping center.他们渴望有一个购物中心。考点必记be
36、eager for渴望某事物be eager to do sth.渴望做某事单句语法填空Since you are so eager to get(get)an order from us now we can place an order with you.既然贵方那么想获得我们的订单，我们现在可以向你们订货了。Its human that everyone is eager for success.人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。易混辨析eager，anxiouseager着重强调对美好事物的向往，可译作“渴望”，急于看到某事的发生anxious更多强调“焦急，忧虑”，表示担心某事发生选用以
37、上词语的适当形式填空She is eager to go to college，but anxious about the College Entrance Examination.她渴望上大学，但是，又为高考忧虑。in a way有几分；从某种意义上讲，从某方面来说；在某种程度上 朗文In a way，Im a little surprised he accepted the offer.从某种意义上讲，他接受了这个报价让我觉得有点儿惊讶。考点必记all the way一路上；完全地by way of经由；途经in the way挡路on the way在路上in no way绝不(置于句首
38、句子用倒装)in this way用这种方法(1)用way的相关短语填空We can allow such a thing to continue in no way.You will soon receive the parcel for it is on the way.You can solve this problem only in this way.(2)同义句改写In no way can we allow such a thing to continue.(将上题句变为倒装句)Only in this way can you solve this problem.(将上题句变为
39、倒装句)写作佳句In this way，I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.用这种方法，我不但解决了问题而且提高了独立克服困难的能力。hold up支撑起；延误，延迟，推迟；承受住；举起教材原句She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.她因在建设过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊
40、桥的方法而闻名。考点必记hold on等着；挺住；别挂断hold back阻挡；隐瞒；抑制hold on to抓紧；不放开hold out伸出；维持(1)写出下列句中hold up的含义Had it not been for the postal strike，my home letter might not have been held up.延误How does he hold up under such a responsibility？承受住I decided to hold up on the news until he was sure of it.推迟They held up t
41、heir coach to celebrate their winning.举起(2)用hold的相关短语填空When he left the telephone to fetch a pencil，he asked me to hold on.当他放下电话去拿铅笔时，他让我别挂电话。No one can hold back the wheel of history.没有人能阻挡历史车轮的前进。Seeing her son again after two yearsabsence，the mother held out her arms to embrace him.两年分别后再次看到自己的儿
42、子，这位母亲伸出双臂去拥抱他。put up with容忍，忍受有道词典It isnt easy to put up with people who are impolite.没有礼貌的人是令人难以容忍的。考点必记come up with提出，想出keep up with与同步，跟上(强调状态)catch up with跟上(强调动作)put forward提出；拿出put off推迟put on穿上；增加单句语法填空/完成句子The suggestion he put forward at the meeting was turned down.他在会议上提出的建议被拒绝了。Never put
43、 off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。The baby has put on one kilogram during the last month.在过去的一个月里婴儿体重增加了两斤。It took months to come up with an acceptable plan for the banks.过了好几个月才为银行提出一个可接受的计划。He thinks only in cities can children be well prepared for their future life and keep up with
44、the trend of the world.他认为只有在城里孩子们才能为他们将来的生活做好准备并跟上世界发展的趋势。loss n遗失，丢失；丧失；损失；亏损(1)用lose的正确形式填空(2017天津卷)My goal was to lose(lose)150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.Listenin
45、g to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.He enjoyed his music，lost in happiness.(2)单句改错He is always at the loss what to say in front of strangers.theagather vi.& vt.聚集；集合；收集单句语法填空/完成句子It looks like a storm，so lets gather up our things and start for home.The harvest
46、has been safely gathered in this year.As he sat down to eat，we boys gathered around him.(2017全国卷)The insects gather under the table(聚集在桌子下)gradual adj.逐渐的单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually
47、(gradual)displaced by human development.Recently，we have seen a gradual(gradual)trend towards healthier e across偶然遇见；被理解用come的相关短语填空As spring went and summer came，Mildred started to come out more and more often.(2014福建卷)I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea.How did it come about that th
48、e man was dismissed?When it comes to cooking，she is always talking without stop.(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.figure out理解；弄明白；计算出用figure的相关短语填空People arent walking any more，if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I figure on meeting their
49、 representatives in Hilton on Tuesday afternoon.The bill you paid doesnt figure in the tip you have to give to the waiter.block out堵住，遮住；不去想，忘记单句语法填空When we saw the road blocked(block)with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.After the storm，many tall trees were blown down，blocking(block)out
50、 the roads.Once you learn how to block out your surroundings，your focus will improve.And so the day went on，until finally I climbed，tired and ashamed，into bed.于是那天就这样继续下去，直到最后我爬上床，既疲惫又羞愧。句式点拨形容词或形容词短语作状语，往往是补充或说明主语所处的状态，主要表示原因、伴随或方式等。单句语法填空To our relief，the plane landed，safe(safety)(方式状语)使我们欣慰的是，飞机安
51、全着陆了。The old man died，happy and satisfied(satisfy)(伴随状语)老人幸福而又满足地过世了。Eager(eagerly)to see her friends，she took a taxi home.(原因状语)急于见到她的朋友，她搭乘出租车回家。Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。句式点拨no
52、w that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，而且that可以省略。完成句子(2017全国卷)Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider rearranging your morning activities.既然你知道为什么你想醒来，那么就考虑重新安排你的早晨的活动。Now that you put your hand to the work，you should do your best to finish it.既然你已经着手这项工作了，那就应该尽力完成它。写作佳句Now(that) you have finis
53、hed your work，youd better have a rest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。名师指津引导原因状语从句的常用词分为两类：单词引导词主要有because，as，since等；短语引导词主要有now that，for the reason that，in that，seeing that，considering(that)等。Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什
54、么都不理解。句式点拨unless在句中引导条件状语从句。考点必记(1)unless除非；如果不，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，从句有时可与if.not引导的否定状语从句互换。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。同义句改写或翻译句子I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.I want you to keep working if I dont tell you to stop.(用if从句改写句子)要是不能额外弄一些钱，剧院将要关闭。(翻译句子)Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close.
