1、专题08 【情态动词和虚拟语气】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”如何判定情态动词和虚拟语气一、意义和语气判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。【例1】(浙江卷) George _(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.【分析】cant/couldnt have gone由下文的His
2、coffee is still warm.可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填cant/couldnt have gone。二、时间判断法虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。【例2】(天津卷)I wish I _(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.【分析】had been句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在
3、纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had过去分词”结构。故填had been。三、情态动词和虚拟语气增分攻略情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词或be动词构成谓语：情态动词do/be；表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词have done”。情态动词后应接动词原形，后接形容词或名词时需与系动词be构成系表结构。注意虚拟语气be动词通常用were。suggest、 order、 require、 insist等表建议、命令、要求和坚决要求的动作后的宾语从句常用“s
4、hould 动词原形”结构，should可以省略。虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。牢记几个句式：would rather that . did (与现在或将来相反)/had done (与过去相反); Its (high) time that . did/should dowish that . would/could do (与将来事实相反)；wish that . did/were(与现在事实相反)；wish that . had done (与过去事实相反)考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一
5、 情态动词的基本用法一、can和could的用法1表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。(北京卷)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。(湖北卷)It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。【名师点津】was/were able to表示过去有能力做并且成功做了某事，相当于managed to do st
6、h./succeeded in doing sth.。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出来。2表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。That cant be Maryshe is in London now.那不可能是玛丽现在她在伦敦。3表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句。(2018北京卷)In todays information age, the loss of
7、data can cause serious problems for a company.在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。4表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中could可代替can, 语气更委婉。(江苏卷) Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life？你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？Living every day to the full, definitely.过好每一天。5用于固定句式：cannot.too/enough “无论也不过分；越越好”。(陕西卷)I cant tha
8、nk you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。二、may和might的用法1. 表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉。(北京卷)Might/May I have a word with you? It wont take long.我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误你很长时间。2表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。(湖南卷)If you forgot to turn it off when you went away,
9、you might burn down the house.当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能会烧毁整座房子。3用于固定句式：may as well动词原形，意为 “最好；倒不如”。Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。三、must的用法1表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”。其否定式mustnt 意为“禁止”。(北京卷) Cant you stay a little longer? 难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？Its getting late.I really must go now.My daug
10、hter is home alone.时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家呢。2表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。must常用于肯定句中。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，用must do；对正在进行的事进行猜测时，用must be doing；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，用must have done。(重庆卷)You must be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点都没变。3. 表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。(辽宁卷)If you must go, at least wai
11、t until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。四、shall的用法1用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。(江西卷)Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?要我告诉布雷特明天放学后以后直接过来吗？2用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。(辽宁卷)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们
12、有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。五、should的用法1表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。I dont think you should give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about.我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。2表示推测、可能性、或预期，意为“应该；可能”。He should be here on timehe started early enough.他应该按时到这里的他很早就出发了。3用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然；居然”。(2
13、018江苏卷)Its strange that he should have taken the books without the owners permission.简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。六、will和would的用法1表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。2表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去。(四川卷)I still remember
14、my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.我仍旧记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。3表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。Will/Would you please let me have a look at your new watch？请让我看看你的新手表好吗？七、need的用法need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，neednt表示“不必”。need 作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；
15、其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。(天津卷)My room is a mess, but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以上午再打扫。Since you know it already, we dont need to keep it a secret.既然你已经知道了，我们就没有必要保密了。八、dare的用法dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义
16、动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略。How dare you leave your home without your parents permission? 在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？Most people hate Harry but they dont dare to say so.大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。考点二 情态动词have done对过去的推测must have done一定做过某事(肯定句)can/could have done过去不可能做过某事(否定句)过去可能做过某事吗？(疑问句)may/might h
17、ave done过去可能做过某事(肯定句)过去可能没有做过某事(否定句)对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备could have done本来能够做但却未做should have done本来应该做但是实际上未做shouldnt have done本来不应该做而实际上做了neednt have done本来没必要做却做了(2019天津卷)Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He must have practised many times last week.保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。(福建卷) Sorry, Mum！I fa
18、iled the job interview again.对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。Oh, its too bad.You should have made full preparations.哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分的准备。考点三 if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词虚拟现在should/would/ could/mightdo过去式(be用were)虚拟过去should/would/could/ mighthave donehad过去分词虚拟将来should/would/ could/mightdo过去式/were to do/should do(2018北
19、京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。(北京卷)We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。【名师点津】(1)在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had, were, should时，可以把if省略，将had, were, should提到句首，变成倒装句。(江苏卷)Were it not
20、 for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。(江苏卷)It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。(北京卷) Maybe if I had studied science
21、, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。考点四 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是)没有，but for要不是，otherwise/or否则等。(2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accompli
22、shed the task in half the time.工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。(江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。 考点五 虚拟语气在从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(
23、order, command)、三要求(require, demand, request)、四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)。(江苏卷)She suggested that Dale (should) join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。He insisted that
24、the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.、他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。My suggestion was that necessary measures (should)be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。【名师点津】当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
25、他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。He insisted that he hadnt stolen the money.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。2在“It is/wasadj./donethat.”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, demanded 等。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It is requi
26、red that middle school students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。3wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气：情况从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might动词原形(2018江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involv
27、ed.这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。4 would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。(陕西卷)We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿待在家，
28、陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。二、3个固定句式中的虚拟语气句式现在虚拟过去虚拟将来虚拟if only引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had过去分词would/could/might动词原形as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had过去分词would/could/might动词原形It is (high) time that.过去式或should动词原形(2019天津卷)Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been there.玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生
29、动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！【名师点津】当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能 I.高考真题诊断单
30、句语法填空1.The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would _ (accomplish) the task in half the time.2. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would _ (have) a good time together.3. I _ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.4. Days lat
31、er, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldnt say where he was.5.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.【答案详解】1.答案：have accomplished解析 句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。根据空前的“The workers were
32、 not better organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构相当于：从句：If主语过去完成时其他，主句：主语should(would, could, might)现在完成时其他，设空前已有would, 故填have accomplished。2.答案：have had解析 句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据语境可知该句是对过去事实的虚拟，表与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If主语过去完成时其他，主句：主语should (would, could, might)现在完成时其他，设空前已有w
33、ould, 故填have had。3.答案：had hoped解析：根据but后的 “couldnt manage it”可知，此处表过去本想做某事而没做成， 应用过去完成时，填had hoped。intend、mean、hope、want、plan、think等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。4. 答案：would解析：情态动词表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。5.答案：were to live 解析：考察if条件句中的虚拟语气，对于将来的虚拟用动词过去式/were to do/should do
34、, 此处用were +to +动词原形。句意：格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。II.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练单句语法填空6In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.7I cant find my purse. I might _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.8They might have found a better hotel i
35、f they _ (drive) a few more kilometers.9There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved.10If we _ (catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.【答案详解】6.答案：can解析 ：句意为“在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题”。can表客观可能性“有时可能”。
36、7.答案：have left解析根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，该处是对过去事实的假设，应用“情态动词have done”，设空前已有might，故填have left。8.答案：had driven解析： 句意为“如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆”。由主句谓语“might have found”可知，if从句是对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，故填had driven。 9.答案：had解析：句意为“在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我能再有机会去更多地参与”。wish后为宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。10.答案：ha
37、d caught解析 句意为“如果我们昨天赶上了航班，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了”。根据句中的yesterday和would be enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，填had caught。III.精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练单句改错11. No matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.12. We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.13. Some classmates
38、 suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.14.You can order a pizza, while your friends may choose Japanese food, Chinese food or a hamburger. But all of you must have meals together at Take In.15.Id rather he went to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 【答案详解】11.答案：去掉第2个to解析：情态动词之后不能接
39、动词不定式，应接动词原形，故去掉to。12. 答案：chosechoose解析：情态动词can后应用动词原形，而chose为choose的过去式，故将chose改为choose。choose的过去式和过去分词形式分别是chose、chosen。13.答案：去掉can或canshould解析：suggest作为“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”，故此处可去掉can或将can改为should。14.答案：mustcan解析：根据语境“你们所有的人都能在这个饭店用餐”可知此处表“可以”，不表“必须” 故must改为can。15.答案：wenthad gone 解析：
40、句意为“要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。”would rather所接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。IV. 精选典题情态动词和虚拟语气专题对点训练短文语法填空ATom: Hi,Mr Smith. 16. you give me a hand?Mr. Smith: Of course.You 17. hesitate to ask me for help.Whats the matter with you?Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.Mr. Smi
41、th: What do you usually do after school?Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball.But I know that I 18. go home first.Mr. Smith:Why dont you go home directly?Tom: My mother usually says:Every student 19. do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.Yo
42、u see,if I 20. (do)my homework first now,I couldnt have a rest and relax.I am so tired.Mr.Smith: Both you and your mum are reasonable.As a mother,she believes that you 21. never work too hard,while you think you need some time to have a rest.Does your mother know what you think?Tom: No.Even if I 22.
43、 (tell)her before,she wouldnt have understood it.Mr.Smith: I dont think you are right.I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides,you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you 23. as well learn to communicate with her.Tom: Thank you for y
44、our advice.It is high time I 24. (talk)with her.Mr.Smith: I 25. agree more.【语篇解读】本文为汤姆和史密斯老师就汤姆的妈妈抱怨他放学后不按时回家而进行的对话。16.答案：Can 解析：can 在这里表示请求帮助，意为“能”。17.答案：neednt 解析：本句句意：你向我求助时不必犹豫。neednt不必。18.答案：should 解析：句意：但是我知道我应该先回家。should应该。19.答案：shall 解析：shall 与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中时，可用来介绍法规、规定的内容。20.答案：did 解析：根据上下
45、文逻辑及后面句子中的 couldnt have a rest,可知设空处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为did.21.答案：can 解析：“cannot(can never).too+形容词或副词”表示：“再也不为过”。22.答案：had told 解析：根据上下文逻辑及后面的“wouldnt have understood”，可知设空处为与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为 had told.23.答案：might 解析：might as well do sth.意为：还是做。为好。24.答案：talked 解析：由It is high time sb.did sth.可知填 talked.2
46、5.答案：cant 解析： I cant agree more.我完全同意。BTom and Peter are twins.They look as if they 26. (be) the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesnt.However,people believe if Peter 27. (work)as hard as To
47、m,he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home,their parents suggest that they 28. (finish)their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it 29. (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.One day,when do
48、ing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth
49、to the twins mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter, “How I wish you 30. (be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 31. (give)you a good lesson. And you 32. play any computer games for a month!”“Oh, no!Mom. 33. a computer for such a long time,I would die.I would rather you 34. (a
50、sk)me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset.“If you 35. (finish)your homework on time yesterday,you wouldnt be punished now,”said the mother.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。汤姆和彼得是双胞胎兄弟，他们虽然长得很像但在学习态度上却迥然不同。26.答案：were 解析：此处应用虚拟语气，主句谓语动词look与as if从句谓语动词 be没有先后顺序，故设空处用 were.27.答案：worked 解析：句意：人们认为如果彼得像汤姆那样努
51、力学习，在学习上他会和汤姆一样好。根据句意可知if从句为表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 worked.28.答案：(should)finish 解析：suggest作“建议”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。29.答案：is 解析：本句中的insist意为“坚持认为”，故用陈述语气。当insist作“坚决要求”讲时才用虚拟语气，即其宾语从句的谓语动词为 “should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。30.答案：were 解析：wish 后的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故填were.31.答案：gave/should give 解析：“It is time+that 从句”，that从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形。32.答案：mustnt 解析：此处表示“禁止”，故答案为 mustnt.33.答案：Without 解析：without表示没有，句意为：如果那么长时间不玩电脑，我会死掉的。34.答案：asked 解析：由 would rather sb.did sth.可知填 asked.35.答案：had finished 解析：本句中的if 从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had finished。
