1、四必修2 Unit 1Tales of the unexplained. 阅读理解A(2021扬州模拟)Making beers on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earths surface. The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus,
2、is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year. Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether its possible for yeast(酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronaut
3、s, its also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing food, like bread. “The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends, ” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft beer. When we heard that there was an opp
4、ortunity to design an experiment that would go up on Indias moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality of yeast in outer space. ”The preparation work for the beerup to the stage of adding yeastwill all be done on Earth, and rather than sepa
5、rating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stage of making beer, the team plans to combine them. This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space. If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in out
6、er space, and the fermentation will take place in a container no bigger than a soda can. All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India, in March. Sadly, you wont be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. How
7、ever, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables (消耗品) behave in different environments. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了对许多人来说, 在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭, 但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说, 这是一
8、个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。1. How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment ?A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Confident. D. Casual. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段Making beers on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Dieg
9、o, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earths surface. (对许多人来说, 在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭, 但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说, 这是一个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。)由此推断出, 当学生们有机会设计实验时, 他们感觉很兴奋, 故选A。2. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The mixing of two stages. B. Adding yeast on Earth. C. The pr
10、eparation work on Earth. D. Fermentation and carbonation. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文The preparation work for the beerup to the stage of adding yeastwill all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation and carbonation stage of making beer, the team plans to combine them. 可知, 啤酒的准备工作直到添加酵母的阶段
11、都将在地球上完成, 而不是将酿造啤酒的发酵和碳酸化阶段分开, 团队计划将它们结合起来。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出。“This”指的是两个过程的混合, 故选A。3. What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?A. It has been designed based on similar experiments. B. Its quite competitive compared with other designs. C. Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus
12、. D. Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space. (这消除了释放过程中积累的二氧化碳的需要, 这可能会导致清洁和安全问题。)由此推断出, 我们能从文章中了解到这次实验的生产过程经过了调整, 使其更安全、更环保, 故选D。4. What
13、 does the author think of the students idea?A. It seems like a pipe dream. B. Its extremely complicated. C. Its meaningful and hopeful. D. Its creative but impractical. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and creat
14、e our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments. 由此推断出, 作者认为这些学生的想法有意义和充满希望, 故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets
15、 and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments. 分析:how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments是宾语从句。在该从句中还含有另一个宾语从句(how consumables behave in different environments)。翻
16、译:然而, 通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的行为, 这个小实验可以为我们提供重要的数据, 告诉我们在其他行星和卫星上制造和创造我们自己的资源有多实际。B(2021重庆模拟)One thing in which I think I take too much pride, at times, is my academic performance. In the past, I managed to get grades on exams that were unbelievable, even to myself, for the amount of studying I had done. The
17、 exam may have just happened to ask the questions to which I knew the answers, even though there were many possible questions that would have stumped me. Ive always done well in mathematics, but a few times, I had to step back and take a second look at how much pride I had in my ability. Upon receiv
18、ing the score for my second exam in MATH170, I was rather disturbed. My score was 79%. I had planned to use my math courses to balance the grades I might get in my English and writing courses, so that score was acceptable. It got worse still. In Statistics and Calculus, I received failing grades on
19、homework assignments. Every time I got these bad grades, I felt the same. I started to think that maybe I really couldnt do these things. After giving an honest effort, however, I did better. The thing in which I havent enough pride is my worth as a person with whom people like to associate. I give
20、up opportunities to socialize because I dont think anyone will want to talk to me. Because of this trait of mine, I have very few friends. Perhaps spending the majority of my time alone isnt bad; it is what Im used to, but I bet that by living a life of partial seclusion, I miss out on interesting a
21、nd amusing life experiences that could be beneficial. I have illustrated how the extremes of pride can be harmful. In my case, too much pride in academic ability can lead to failing grades, and not enough pride in oneself as a social individual can lead to a lonelier life. A moderate amount of pride
22、 leads to a clear view of the agendas of life, allowing one to make good decisions regarding these. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中讲述了自己的经历, 过于骄傲导致学术成绩不及格, 对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独的生活, 提出拥有适度的骄傲。5. Why did the author get good grades in the past?A. Because of hard work. B. Because of much pride. C. Because of good luc
23、k. D. Because of high intelligence. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中The exam may have just happened to ask the questions to which I knew the answers, even though there were many possible questions that would have stumped me. 考试可能只是碰巧问了一些我知道答案的问题, 即使有很多可能会难倒我的问题。可知, 因为运气好作者在过去取得了好成绩。故选C项。6. How did the author fee
24、l after exam failures?A. A little ashamed. B. Less confident. C. Less determined. D. A little grateful. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Upon receiving the score for my second exam in MATH170, I was rather disturbed. 当我收到MATH170第二次考试的成绩时, 我很不安。以及Every time I got these bad grades, I felt the same. I started to thi
25、nk that maybe I really couldnt do these things. 每次我得到这些糟糕的成绩, 我都有同样的感觉。我开始想, 也许我真的做不了这些事。可知, 考试失败后作者缺乏自信。故选B项。7. What is the authors attitude to spending most of his/her time alone?A. Carefree. B. Tolerant. C. Regretful. D. Positive. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中 Perhaps spending the majority of my time alone
26、 isnt bad; it is what Im used to, but I bet that by living a life of partial seclusion, I miss out on interesting and amusing life experiences that could be beneficial. 也许大部分时间独处并不糟糕;这是我所习惯, 但我敢打赌, 由于过着部分隐居的生活, 我错过了可能有益的有趣的生活经历。可知, 作者对大部分时间独处持遗憾的态度。故选C项。8. Which is the best title for the text?A. Avo
27、iding Being Too ProudB. Changing the Poor CharacterC. Correcting the Bad BehaviourD. Balancing the Pride Degree【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中I have illustrated how the extremes of pride can be harmful. 我已经说明了极端的骄傲是如何有害的。以及A moderate amount of pride leads to a clear view of the agendas of life, allowing one to
28、 make good decisions regarding these. 适度的骄傲会让你对生活的日程有一个清晰的认识, 允许你对这些事情做出正确的决定。可知, 作者在文中讲述了自己的经历, 过于骄傲会导致学术成绩不及格, 对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独的生活, 提出拥有适度的骄傲, 因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“平衡骄傲的程度”。故选D项。【知识积累】1. socialize vi. 交际; 参与社交 2. trait n. 特性, 特点;品质3. miss out on 错过;错失4. illustrate vt. 阐明. 阅读填句(2021福州模拟)Lets take a minute
29、to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water. _1_For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a l
30、ight or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. _2_Thats around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water,
31、we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500, 000 children die from diarrhea (腹泻)from dirty water. Thats around 1, 400 children every day!Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. _3_Therefore, they dont have time to learn how to rea
32、d or write and dont get an education. _4_On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 wa
33、lk 6 km with six litres of water. _5_People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world. A. We use water indirectly too. B. Every system in our body depends on water to function. C. It is to inspire people to learn more about wate
34、r-related problemsD. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they cant go to school. E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. G. In this way, they know how it feels to wal
35、k a long distance carrying heavy bottles. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源, 而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7. 5亿人没有干净的水喝, 每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日, 并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题, 让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。1. 【解析】选A。根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants
36、grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. (例如, 生产我们吃的食物的农民, 使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑时, 我们使用能源, 我们需要水来产生这种能源)可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子, 故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境, 故选A。2. 【解析】选E。根据下文Thats around one in 10 people in the world. (那大约是世界上十分之一
37、的人)可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7. 5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境, 故选E。3. 【解析】选D。根据上文Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. (而且, 在一些国家, 孩子们每天要走好几千米去取水)中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water, 故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水, 他们就不能去上
38、学。”符合上下文语境, 故选D。4. 【解析】选F。结合下文On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. (每年的这一天, 世界各国都会举办各种活动, 让人们了解脏水的问题, 让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的)是在说明世界水日当天的活动, 故可知本
39、空为说明世界水日的设立时间, 故F选项“1993年, 联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境, 故选F。5. 【解析】选G。根据前文At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6 km with six litres of water. (在英国的一所学校, 10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6千米)可推知本空承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式, 他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境, 故选G。.
40、 语法填空(2021绵阳模拟)阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A crater (环形山) on Mercury sat quietly for millions of years. Surprisingly, it acquired a nameLi Qingzhao, a Chinese female poet. The International Astronomical Union named the first group of craters on the planet after 310 famous writers and artists in
41、 human history, Li 1. _(include). What did she do to deserve such 2. _honor? Compared with other male poets in China, 3. _have left hundreds or even thousands of poems, she has only eighty-seven. 4. _, her artistic creativity in her 5. _(survive) works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese
42、 literary circle. She grew up in a 6. _(relative) relaxed atmosphere but her maiden (少女) days were so limited that the regret could be felt in her poem:“Cant you see? The green leaves thriving (旺盛) but the red flowers fading overnight. ” The arrival and disappearance of spring is one of the most fre
43、quent themes in Chinese poetry. Li had two marriages. The first ended up her being abandoned during the war. 7. _(bad) still, she suffered physical abuse from her second husband. Bravely she charged him at the court and got the 8. _(permit) to divorce. In the final stage of her life, even 9. _ no on
44、e to rely on, she never gave up hope and created many literary works that 10. _(leave) for generations to appreciate to date. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章由水星上的一座环形山命名为“李清照”切入, 给读者介绍了我国著名女诗人李清照的生平。1. 【解析】included。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语, Li和include之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 故填included。2. 【解析】an。考查冠词。honor是
45、可数名词, 结合上下文可知, 此处意为“值得这样的一份荣耀”, 是泛指, 应用不定冠词, honor是以元音音素开头的词, 故填an。3. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处是非限制性定语从句关系词, 先行词male poets在从句中充当主语, 应用关系代词who, 故填who。4. 【解析】However。考查副词。句意:然而, 她现存的作品的艺术创作力为她在中国文学圈赢得了永恒的地位。结合上下文可知, 此处应用表转折意义的副词, 故填However。5. 【解析】surviving。考查形容词。句意:然而, 她现存的作品的艺术创作力为她在中国文学圈赢得了永恒的地位。根
46、据句意可知, 此处应填survive的形容词surviving“继续存在的”, 修饰名词works, 故填surviving。6. 【解析】relatively。考查副词。此处应填relative的副词修饰形容词relaxed, 故填relatively。7. 【解析】Worse。考查固定表达。句意:更糟糕的是, 她遭受了第二任丈夫的虐待。结合句意可知, 此处考查固定表达worse still“更糟糕的是”, 故填Worse。8. 【解析】permission。考查名词。分析句子可知, 此处应填permit的名词作为got的宾语, 故填permission。9. 【解析】with。考查介词。句
47、意:在她人生的最后阶段, 没有人可以依靠, 但她从来没有放弃, 并且创作了很多让世人到今天还非常欣赏的文学作品。结合句意和句子结构可知, 此处考查with的复合结构, 即with + n. /pron. + to do, with no one to rely on“没有人可以依靠”, 故填with。10. 【解析】have been left。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句的谓语动词, 由for generations判断为现在完成时, 主语that指代literary works和leave之间是被动关系, 故用现在完成时的被动语态, 主语是复数, 故填have been
48、left。【知识积累】佳词积累1. acquire vt. 获得2. abuse v. & n. 滥用;虐待. 阅读理解The ozone hole that opens every year over the Antarctic is on course to be the smallest in three decades, scientists have said. Researchers say the hole is also a particularly unusual shape this year, being heavily skewed(扭曲) towards South
49、America instead of centring on the South Pole. According to the British Antarctic Survey, the hole had reached an area of 11 million square kilometres in early September, when the annual “spring warming” event kicked in much earlier than usual. In 2018, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 milli
50、on square kilometres. In 2002, the polar vortex split in two, creating two separate ozone holes over the continent. Anna Jones, a scientist at the British Antarctic Survey, told The Independent the shape of the hole this year was “very unusual”. She said, “This is a pretty new phenomenon. It could b
51、e a multiple collection of factors. ”Satellite records for the polar vortex in Antarctica go back to the late 1970s, but the 2002 split vortex is the only other major change. “Scientists havent quite figured it out yet. . . there are various things they can look at, but its certainly very unusual, ”
52、 Dr. Jones said. Dr. Jones said the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole in the long term was continuing to clampdown on the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction. She also warned people living in South America could now be at risk from dangerous UV radiation as the ozone has thin
53、ned. “The key thing is that the gases that destroy ozone are still around, still in the atmosphere, ” she said. “I doubt we will see this again next year. We cant be relieved. It absolutely doesnt mean the ozone hole is never going to be seen again. ”【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南
54、美倾斜。1. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The Strangely Shaped Antarctic Ozone HoleB. The Terrible Environmental Pollution in the World C. The Great Damage Done to the Environment in the AntarcticD. The Risk of Dangerous UV Radiation in the Atmosphere【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异
55、乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜, 与A项一致, 故选A。2. What does the underlined part “clampdown on” in the last paragraph mean?A. increaseB. limitC. pourD. release【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole”和“. . . the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction”可知, 此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人
56、造化学品, 故选B。3. What can we learn according to the passage?A. The ozone hole over the Antarctic will not be seen again. B. The polar vortex in Antarctica first happened to the late 1970s. C. In 2002, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres. D. The annual “spring warming” even
57、t usually kicked in later than early September. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误;根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星纪录可以追溯到而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于20世纪70年代末, 故B项错误;根据第二段可知C项错误;根据第二段中的“. . . in early September, when the annual spring warming event kicked in much earlier than usual. ”可知D项正确。4. The passage can be read from _. A.
58、an environment newspaperB. a fashion magazineC. an entertainment magazineD. a school textbook【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现, 故选A。. 完形填空There is a story from many years ago of a primary school teacher called Mrs Thompson. On the very first day of her fourth grade class, she told the children a _1_. She l
59、ooked at her students and said that she _2_ them all the same. But that was _3_ because there in the front row was a little boy, Teddy Stoddard. Mrs Thompson had watched Teddy the year before and _4_ that he didnt play well with the other children, his clothes were messy and he constantly needed a _
60、5_. She did not like him. Later, it got to the _6_ where Mrs Thompson would actually _7_ his papers with a red pen, making bold Xs. However, when she read his file one day, she was in _8_. Teddys first grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is a _9_ child. He does his work _10_ and has good manners. ”His secon
61、d-grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is an excellent student. But he is _11_ by his mothers terminal illness. ” His third-grade teacher wrote, “His mothers death has been _12_ on him. ”By now, Mrs Thompson realized the problem and she was_13_ of herself. On the very day, she quit teaching reading and writi
62、ng. _14_, she began to teach children how to be a man. Mrs Thompson paid particular_15_ to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to _16_. The more she encouraged him, the faster he _17_. Teddy graduated from the school with the highest of _18_. Twenty years later, Mrs Thompson received a _1
63、9_ telling her she was the best teacher he has ever met in the world. It was _20_ Theodore F. Stoddard, MD. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。汤普森太太第一次教Teddy的时候, 觉得他是一个有问题的学生。当了解到事情的起因后, 汤普森夫人特别关注Teddy。她鼓励他, 后来Teddy成了班上最聪明的孩子。作者通过这个故事告诉我们应该用心去温暖需要帮助的人。1. A. jokeB. lie C. lesson D. story【解析】选B。句意:在她上四年级课的第一天时, 她对孩子们撒了个谎。
64、根据下文的She looked at her students and said that she _them all the same. 和She did not like him可知老师撒了谎, 她并没有同等地爱着每个学生, 故选B项。2. A. loved B. thankedC. needed D. trusted【解析】选A。句意:她看着学生, 对他们说她会同等地爱着他们所有人。结合常识可知, 老师一般会对学生说会无差别地爱着他们, 故选A项。3. A. true B. impossibleC. serious D. incorrect【解析】选B。句意:但那是不可能的, 因为在前排
65、有一个名叫Teddy Stoddard的小男孩。根据下文的She did not like him可知, 老师并没有同等地爱着每个学生, 故选B项。4. A. admitted B. observedC. expected D. said【解析】选B。句意:汤普森女士一年前见到过Teddy, 她观察到他和其他孩子相处得不融洽, 他的衣服很脏, 他总是一副需要洗澡的样子。根据下文的his clothes were messy and he constantly needed a _可知此处用“观察”符合语境, 故选B项。5. A. restB. parentC. bath D. friend【解
66、析】选C。句意:汤普森女士一年前见到过Teddy, 她观察到他和其他孩子相处得不融洽, 他的衣服很脏, 他总是一副需要洗澡的样子。根据上文的his clothes were messy可知Teddy很脏, 需要洗澡, 故选C项。6. A. class B. area C. point D. border【解析】选C。句意:后来, 事情真的发展到了汤普森女士用红笔在他的试卷上标记加粗的X的阶段。结合上下文可知, 此处是指汤普森对Teddy的不喜欢已经发展到了这样一个阶段, 故选C项。7. A. mark B. refuseC. read D. criticize【解析】选A。句意:后来, 事情真
67、的发展到了汤普森女士用红笔在他的试卷上标记加粗的X的阶段。根据下文的papers with a red pen可知, 此处用“做标记”符合语境, 故选A项。8. A. sadness B. surpriseC. excitement D. pride【解析】选B。句意:然而, 当她有一天读他的文件时, 她很惊讶。根据下文内容可知, 从老师的评价来看Teddy原来是一个非常优秀的孩子, 因为妈妈的生病和离世所以变成了现在这样, 由此推测汤普森女士对此感到惊讶, 故选B项。9. A. lazy B. funny C. moody D. bright【解析】选D。句意:Teddy一年级的老师写着:“
68、Teddy是一个聪明的孩子。” 根据下文的Teddy is an excellent student. 可知此处用“聪明的”符合语境, 故选D项。10. A. neatly B. badlyC. vividly D. carelessly【解析】选A。句意:他的作业做得很整洁, 并且很有礼貌。根据下文的has good manners可推测Teddy的作业也完成得很整洁, 故选A项。11. A. shocked B. troubledC. thrilled D. caught【解析】选B。句意:但是他因妈妈的绝症而困扰。结合常识可知, 一个孩子会因为母亲生病而忧虑和烦恼, 故选B项。12. A
69、. strange B. obviousC. hard D. tight【解析】选C。句意:他三年级的老师写着:“妈妈的死对他来说很痛苦。”根据常识可知一个孩子会因为妈妈的去世而非常痛苦, 故选C项。13. A. scared B. proudC. confident D. ashamed【解析】选D。句意:现在, 汤普森女士意识到了问题的所在, 并感到很愧疚。根据上文内容可知, 此处是指汤普森女士在了解了事情的真相后, 为自己因为Teddy穿着不整洁而不喜欢他的事情感到愧疚, 故选D项。14. A. However B. InsteadC. Therefore D. Though【解析】选B
70、。句意:相反, 她开始教学生怎样做一个男子汉。根据上文的she quit teaching reading and writing可知, 此处用“相反”符合语境, 故选B项。15. A. attention B. visitC. money D. respect【解析】选A。句意:汤普森女士对Teddy特别关注。根据句意可知, 此处考查固定短语pay attention to“关注”, 故选A项。16. A. come alone B. come upC. come alive D. come across【解析】选C。句意:随着她跟他一起学习, 他的头脑似乎活跃了起来。come alone独
71、自一人来;come up走近;come alive变得活跃;come across偶遇。根据下文的Teddy graduated from the school with the highest of _. 可知此处用“变得活跃”符合语境, 故选C项。17. A. acted B. talkedC. responded D. moved【解析】选C。句意:她越鼓励他, 他的反应就越快。根据下文的Teddy graduated from the school with the highest可知此处用“反应快”符合语境, 故选C项。18. A. benefits B. statesC. reco
72、rds D. honors【解析】选D。句意:Teddy以最高的荣誉从学校毕业。结合上下文可知, 此处是指在汤普森女士的鼓励下, Teddy在各方面都变得很优秀, 最终以最高荣誉从学校毕业, 故选D项。19. A. bookB. letterC. gift D. visitor【解析】选B。句意:20年后, 汤普森女士收到了一封信, 信上说她是他在世界上遇到的最好的老师。根据下文的Theodore F. Stoddard, MD可知这是一个署名, 由此推测汤普森女士收到了一封信, 故选B项。20. A. signed B. writtenC. listed D. accepted【解析】选A。
73、句意:信上署名为Theodore F. Stoddard, MD。根据Theodore F. Stoddard, MD可知这是一个人的名字, 故用“署名”符合语境, 故选A项。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。With m
74、others birthday approaching, I decided to give her surprise and celebrate it for her on my own. After finishing my work, I learned what to bake a cake online. I had everything needed after I started the baking process careful as instructed. I preheated the oven and mixed with the milk, eggs, butter
75、or oil into the dry mixture. It take me roughly 2030 minutes to bake the cake. It was really a challenging job. And then, I was immediately busy prepared all the dishes. Seeing what she had done, my mother was moved with tear rolling in her eyes. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在母亲生日时, 亲自准备蛋糕和饭菜作为惊喜, 母亲感动得热泪盈眶
76、的故事。1. 【解析】第一句surprise前加a。考查冠词。句意:妈妈的生日快到了, 我决定给她一个惊喜, 并且自己给她庆祝一下。“一个惊喜”, 表示泛指, 应用不定冠词修饰, 且surprise是发音以辅音音素开头的单词, 应用 a。故在surprise前面添加a。2. 【解析】第二句whathow。考查宾语从句连接词。句意:完成工作后, 我在网上学会了如何烤蛋糕。分析句子可知, 此处表示“烤蛋糕的方式”, 应用 how引导宾语从句。故将what改为how。3. 【解析】第三句afterbefore。考查介词。句意:在我按照指示开始仔细烘焙之前, 我已经准备好了所有需要的东西。故将afte
77、r改为before。4. 【解析】第三句carefulcarefully。考查副词。句意:在我按照指示开始仔细烘焙之前, 我已经准备好了所有需要的东西。分析句子可知, 此处用来修饰动词“start”, 应用“careful”的副词形式。故将careful 改为carefully。5. 【解析】第四句去掉with。考查介词。句意:我预热了烤箱, 把牛奶、鸡蛋、黄油和油混入干的混合物中。“mix”为及物动词, 后边不用介词, 直接加宾语, 且此处“mix sth. into sth. ”, 意为“把某物混入某物”, 是固定搭配。故去掉with。6. 【解析】第四句orand。考查连词。句意:我预热
78、了烤箱, 把牛奶、鸡蛋、黄油和油混入干的混合物中。分析句子可知, 应为并列关系。故将or改为and。7. 【解析】第五句taketook。考查时态。句意:烤这个蛋糕花了我大约20到30分钟。根据文章内容可知, 此处描述的是过去的状况, 应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。8. 【解析】第七句preparedpreparing。考查固定搭配。句意:然后, 我立即忙着准备所有的菜。分析句子可知, 此处为“忙于准备所有的菜”, 应用“be busy doing sth. ”, 意为“忙着做某事”, 是固定搭配。故将prepared改为preparing。9. 【解析】第八句sheI。考查代词。
79、句意:看到我所做的一切, 母亲感动得热泪盈眶。分析句子可知, 此处指“我为母亲做的这一切”, 宾语从句中主语应为“我”。故将she改为I。10. 【解析】第八句teartears。考查名词复数。句意:看到我所做的一切, 母亲感动得热泪盈眶。句中“tear”用作名词时, 意思是“眼泪”, 是可数名词, 故此处应用复数形式。故将tear改为tears。. 书面表达假定你是李华, 寒假在纽约学习, 得知所在社区将举办一次普及中医知识的活动。请你写一封信, 申请做志愿者, 内容包括:1. 写信目的;2. 个人优势;3. 对中医的认识。注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
80、Dear Sir/Madam, _Yours sincerely, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam, Im Li Hua, an exchange student from China. Having read local communitys advertisement for volunteers on the promotion of Chinese traditional medicine, I cant wait to submit my application for the post. Born in a family with both parents w
81、orking in an institute of traditional Chinese medicine, I possess a thorough understanding of TCM, which I believe could be quite helpful. Additionally, as a compassionate and outgoing individual, I enjoy helping out wherever I can. Traditional Chinese medicine is ancient medical practice that has b
82、een used in China for more than 3, 500 years. Despite being a form of alternative medicine, it has worked wonders in many medical cases, such as the treatment of COVID-19. It really means a lot to me to promote TCM, so I do hope this wonderful chance would be offered to me. Looking forward to your r
83、eply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua【加固训练】阅读理解(2021济南模拟)Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global Souths landfill sites(垃圾填埋场). Electronic waste( e-waste ) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase
84、 rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghanas capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10, 000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recyc
85、ling process. They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones. But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-waste indu
86、stry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as “secondhand goods” to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site. A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. This is not surprising: smartphone
87、s contain chemicals like mercury(水银), lead and even arsenic(砷). Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level thats about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authori
88、ty(EFSA). Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghanas top exports are cocoa and nuts. Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers waste. For example, Germany has starte
89、d a project that includes a sustainable(可持续的)recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments green policies are focused on issues l
90、ike climate change. Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家, 但已成为危
91、害全人类的公敌, 因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力减少电子垃圾污染。1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic products need improving urgently. B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled. C. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana. D. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshi
92、e. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段Electronic waste( e-waste ) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghanas capital, Accra. (目前, 电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的
93、5%, 而且随着越来越多的人拥有不止一台智能手机、笔记本电脑和充电宝, 这一比例还将迅速上升。它们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的Agbogbloshie等地落脚)可推知, 随着电子垃圾的快速增长, Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。故选D。2. What does the underlined word “circumvents” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Tightens. B. Abolishes. C. Gets around. D. Brings in. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子The Basel Convention, a
94、1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. (1989年签署的巴塞尔公约旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子垃圾)可知画线词所在的句子意思是发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开巴塞尔公约的规定, 可推知画线词的意思为“避开、绕开”。 tightens拉紧;abolishes废除;gets around避开;brings in引进。故选C。3. What should
95、 be the biggest concern according to the text?A. The violation of EFSAs standards. B. The lack of diversity in Ghanas exports. C. The damage to chickens immune system. D. The threat of polluted food around the world. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute th
96、e broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghanas top exports are cocoa and nuts. (最令人担忧的是, 这些有毒的化学物质可以随意污染更广阔的土壤和水系统。这应该引起我们所有人的关注, 因为加纳的一些主要出口产品是可可和坚果)可知, 加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果, 所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选D。4. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste proble
97、m?A. Manufacturers developing a sustainable hardware economy. B. Governments adjusting their green policies about e-waste. C. Reducing customers demands for electronic products. D. Letting governments take on the main responsibility. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more eco
98、nomically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral. (只有制造商才能解决这个问题。一个经济上更可持续、政治上更可行的解决方案是, 鼓励硬件制造商使硬件的维修、再利用和回收有利可图, 或者至少不影响成本)可知, 作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商, 他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则, 生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。故选A。
