1、Section Warming Up&ReadingLanguage Points课堂 合作探究课后 限时训练1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的；暴力的，强暴的教材原文The earth became so violent that it was not clearwhether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。归纳拓展(1)a violent explosion/storm剧烈的爆炸/暴风骤雨a violent reaction 强烈的反应a violent attack 猛烈的攻击violent
2、behaviour/crime 暴力行为/暴力犯罪(2)(反)non violent adj.非暴力的violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；凶狠地(3)violence n.暴力take.by violence 强夺Towards evening there was a violent storm.将近黄昏时来了一场暴风骤雨。The dispute grew more violent.争论更加激烈了。Children are not allowed to watch violent movies.不允许儿童看暴力电影。The beautiful lady has atemper.这位美丽
3、的女士脾气暴躁。violent巧学助记图文记忆violent，violently和violenceLarry was in violent pain.As a result，hebehaved violently and treated everythingwith violence.拉里处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，以暴力对待一切事物。2unlike prep.与不同；不像教材原文Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but,unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在其他行星像
4、火星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。归纳拓展(1)Its unlike sb.to do sth.做不像某人平常的样子(2)like prep.像，类似(反义词)n.&vt.喜欢(3)unlike adj.不同的(4)unlikely adj.不太可能的；没希望的Itshim to be late；hes usually on time.他不是会迟到的那种人；他通常很准时。A serious drought，like any other natural disaster，can dogreat damage to human beings.严重干旱，像其他任何自然灾害一样，
5、会对人类造成很大伤害。unlike3harmful adj.有害的教材原文What many scientists believe is that the continuedpresence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases andacids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。归纳拓展(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harmless adj.无害的；不致伤的be harmless to 对无害的(3)harm
6、n.&vt.伤害；损害do harm to sb./do sb.harm 对某人有害The haze，which happened the other day，is harmful to ourhealth.几天前发生的雾霾有害于我们的健康。Although the owner of this kind of milk powder has said that themilk powder isagain and again，ittohuman health in fact.尽管奶粉的主人反复说这种奶粉无害，但是事实上它对人类健康会带来极大的危害。harmlesswill do great h
7、arm 巧学助记巧记harm家族4exist vi.存在；生存教材原文They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for morethan 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。归纳拓展(1)exist in 存在于之中There exists/existed.有；存在exist on 靠为生(2)existing adj.存在的；现行的(3)existence n.存在；生存in existence 现存的come into existence 产生；开始存在The idea exists only in t
8、he minds of us young people.这种观点仅存在于我们年轻人的心中。I can hardlythe wage Im getting，which makes meworried.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口，这让我很忧心。点津 exist为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态。exist on 巧学助记Few people believe in the existence of ghosts.Inother words，they only exist in the imaginationof the minority.很少有人相信鬼魂的存在。也就是说，它们只存在于少数人的想象
9、里。5puzzle n谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难教材原文How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzlesthat scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。归纳拓展(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解What puzzled me was why the
10、y didnt take her advice.他们为何不接受她的忠告，这使我大惑不解。I have beenthis question for weeks.我对这个问题已迷惑不解了好几个星期。巧学助记The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over thepuzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。puzzled about 6in time及时；终于教材原文They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，wat
11、er vapour and other gases，which were to make the earthsatmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展in time for sth.赶上某事in no time 立即；马上at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时；偶尔from time to time 有时；偶尔at no time 从不；决不at a time 每次；一次The doctor arrived here just in time.医生正好及时赶到了这里。She will be back in time
12、 to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。Ill see him in time.我迟早会遇见他的。Lucky for him，he was just in time for the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。You will succeedas long as you dont give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。Do one thingand do it well.一次只做一件事情，并且要做到最好。do we give in to difficulties.我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。in time at a time At no time 点
13、津 at no time用在句首时，句子要部分倒装。in no time相当于at once或immediately，用于句首不倒装。7give birth to产生；分娩归纳拓展be born 出生at birth 出生时of no/goodbirth 出身低微/好的by birth 出身；在血统上 Mary gave birth to a beautiful baby girl the day beforeyesterday.前天，玛丽生了一个漂亮的女婴。The actual result of your action gives birth to confidence.你行动的实际结果会
14、产生出信心。It was the study of history thatsocial science.对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。gave birth to 8in ones turn轮到某人教材原文Thus they have，in their turn，become the mostimportant animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。归纳拓展in turn 依次，轮流，逐个；转而take turns in sth./take turns to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事by
15、 turns 轮流；交替The girls called out their names in turn.那些女孩逐一报出自己的名字。We take turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。Its his turn to make a speech.轮到他发言了。It is your turn to answer the question,David.Sorry,Miss Gao.I dont know.“该你回答问题了，戴维。”“对不起，高老师。我不知道(答案)。”The studentsclean up their classroom.学生们轮流打扫教室。We
16、did the work.我们轮流做这项工作。take turns to by turns点津 by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行，如表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。9prevent.from阻止；制止教材原文They are putting too much carbon dioxide into theatmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earthinto space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。归纳拓展(2)protect.f
17、rom/against表示“保护使之不受的侵袭/伤害”；from后接能带来伤害或损害之物1prevent.from stop.from.阻止做The rain prevented us(from)starting on a trip.这场雨阻碍了我们出发去旅游。A possible war was finally prevented from breaking out withtheir effort.一场可能的战争由于他们的努力而避免了。The farmerswheatheavy rain with rain clothes.农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。protectedfrom.品
18、句填词1_(氧气)is a kind of gas that is necessary for mostanimals and plants to live.2Water _(存在)in three forms,which are liquid,gas and solid.3The new government has promised to make _(根本的)changes.Oxygen exists fundamental 4She was _(不像)her father in every way exceptfor her coalblack eyes.5The new owners
19、 have tried to give the restaurant a morefamilyfriendly _(氛围)6This _(理论)helps to explain how animalscommunicate with each other.7Smoking is _(有害的)to health,but some peoplecannot get rid of it.unlikeatmosphere theory harmful 8The deeper meaning of the poem remains a _(谜)9Volunteers formed a human _(链
20、子)to save thepeople from the burning house.10We do not own the building;_(因而),it would beimpossible for us to make any changes to it.puzzlechain thus.完成句子1The other day the cat _ three kitties.(birth)几天前这只猫生了三只小猫。2If you fly to Shanghai，you will _.(attend)如果你乘飞机去上海，你就能够及时出席会议。gave birth tobe able to
21、 attend the meetingin time3Now it is _ the room.(turn)现在轮到我们打扫房间。4The polluted water can _.(harmful)污染的水会对环境造成很大的危害。5His father _ work in anothercity.(prevent)他父亲阻止他去另一个城市工作。our turn to cleanbe very harmful to the environmentprevented him from going to6Man is born free，but _.(chain)人生来是自由的，然而他却无处不受束
22、缚。7_ so hardworking.(unlike)那么勤奋不像他平常的样子。8 Nowadays，therearestillmanypeoplewondering_.(existence)现在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何时开始存在的。everywhere he is in chainsIts unlike him to bewhen the Earth came into existence9The student _.(puzzled)这个学生对下一步做什么感到困惑。10They often _.(argue)他们之间经常吵架很凶。was puzzled about what to do
23、 nextargue with each other violently.单句语法填空1A _(violence)tornado hit a village in southwest ofChina the other day.2As we all know,a bad eating habit is _(harm)toones health.3Do you believe that there is the _(exist)of ghosts?4He often says that he doesnt believe in any _(religious)and only believes
24、in himself.violentharmful existence religion 5_(like)what he said,he didnt carry out his promise.6There is a _ expression on his face because of the_ problem.(puzzle)7To us the whole _(global)is like a family.8If a person or thing is _(chain)to something,theyare fastened to it with a chain.Unlikepuz
25、zled puzzling globe chained 9The customers have _(multiply)their demands onthis kind of products in the past two years.10We need many powerful _(system)to keep astable society running smoothly(顺利地)multiplied systems1教材原文What it was to become was uncertain until between4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago w
26、hen the dust settled into a solidglobe.它将成为什么不得而知，直到45亿38亿年前，这团尘埃才逐渐稳定下来变成了固态的球体。(1)本句结构比较复杂：what it was to become是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的表语；until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe在句中作状语，其中when the dust settled into a solid globe是定语从句，修饰between 4.5 a
27、nd 3.8 billion years ago。(2)was to become是be to do结构。该结构的常见用法：a表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作(句中的用法)。We are to hold a party this weekend.这个周末我们要举办一个晚会。b表示不可避免或注定要发生某事。This experience is to change his life.这次经历注定会改变他的人生。c表示按规定、命令、责任或义务要做某事。Mr.Clerk said to his daughter，“You areby 10oclock at night.”克拉克先生对他的女儿说：“你必须
28、在晚上10点之前到家。”点津 be to do结构的用法很多，但最基本的是be to do表示将来的用法，命题方向是考查be to do表将来的同时让学生判断主被动语态。to be home 2教材原文This produced a chain reaction，which made itpossible for life to develop.这产生了连锁反应，使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。句中made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构for life to develop，宾语补足语是possible。常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，fi
29、nd，consider等。She made it her business to find out who was responsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.他发现离开德国去美国是不可能的。I feel it my duty to help you.我觉得我有责任帮助你。Iinteresting to learn English.我认为学英语很有意思。think it 3教材原文Others，called amphibians，were able to live onland as
30、 well as in the water.另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生活。归纳拓展本句中的called amphibians为过去分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰 others，可 以 改 为 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句：which were calledamphibians。There is a village called Gum Tree.There is a village which is called Gum Tree.这是个叫“桉树村”的村庄。The Olympic Games，first played in 776 BC，did not includ
31、ewomen players until 1912.The Olympic Games，was first played in 776 BC，didnot include women players until 1912.最早举办于公元前776年的奥运会，直到1912年才包括女选手。点津 过去分词作定语时，与被修饰的词之间存在着被动关系。which4教材原文So whether life will continue on the earth formillions of years to come will depend on whether this problem canbe solved
32、.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。该句是一个主从复合句，第一个whether引导的从句为主语从句；第二个whether引导的从句作介词on的宾语。She was uncertain about whether she should accept his offer.她拿不准是否应该接受他的好意。Everything depends on whether you agree with us.一切要看你跟我们意见是否一致。归纳拓展引导名词性从句时用whether或if的区别：(1)whether可以直接和or not连用，if不可以；引导位于句首的主语从
33、句，用whether不用if；(2)引导表语从句、同位语从句，用whether不用if；(3)动词不定式之前用whether不用if；(4)动词discuss，leave，put及介词之后的宾语从句，用whether不用if。It is uncertainhell succeed in passing the driving testor not.他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。The question isthe film is well worth seeing.问题是电影是否值得看。whetherwhether.完成句子1You _(要去见Smith先生)as soon asyou
34、arrive.2I _(觉得有意思)to know something aboutthe universe.are to meet Mr.Smithfeel it interesting3_(永远存在)a force of attraction betweentwo objects.4The tent was _(太小不能住)for us.5_(使我困惑的是)is why he left withouttelling anyone.There always existstoo small to live inWhat puzzled me.单句语法填空1I didnt know _ or not he had completed his task.2The building _(build)in 1930 belongs to that museumnow.3The road _(repair)now is about 20 mileslong.4We all made _ a rule to help that old woman on Sundays.5The school doesnt look _ it used to be.whether builtbeing repaired itwhat课后 限时训练
