1、第5节社会(一).阅读理解A(2018浙江“七彩阳光”联盟期初联考)Brooke，a mother of three young children，suffers from a rare disease that often puts her in so much pain that she cant get out of bed.When this happens，her husband Jeremy has to take a day off work to care for the family.Understandably，finances are strained(紧张的) and
2、every day is unpredictable.To make matters worse，when Brooke needs to go to the Emergency Room，getting her from her house to her car is “like climbing Mount Everest”，according to her friend Jamie.The family didnt have a “proper path from their house to their car as well as a driveway”，Jamie said.Tha
3、t is，until Random Acts，a television show I cohost on BYUtv，stepped in(援之以手)The show features acts of kindness done for good，deserving people who could use a friendly helping hand.In our firstever episode of the show，Dream Driveway，we put Brooke and Jeremy up in a hotel and took them out to lunch and
4、 a movie to help them celebrate their anniversary while Shawn Hastings and his company Good Concrete went to work.At the movie，we premiered a short commercial we made showing Shawn and his team building Brooke and Jeremy the new driveway of their dreams.The new driveway changed their lives.“Its very
5、 humbling that people.think of us，” Shawn said when he witnessed the transformation.He was crying.We were crying.All their friends were crying.It was an amazing moment.This kind of thing is what Random Acts is all about.There is too much suffering in the world，and we see it as our jobas the job of e
6、veryoneto help alleviate(减轻) it when we can in whatever ways.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。布鲁克一家生活艰难，Random Acts节目的帮助改变了他们的生活。该节目旨在帮助需要帮助并值得帮助的人。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?ABrooke and her three children.BThe love between Brooke and Jeremy.CThe rare disease Brooke suffers from.DThe hard life the family
7、 lives.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第一段第一句“Brooke，a mother of three young children.often puts her in so much pain that she cant get out of bed.”并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了布鲁克一家过着艰难的生活。2Getting Brooke from her house to her car is .Afunny BdifficultCdangerous Dimpossible答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To make matters worse，when Brooke
8、 needs to go the the Emergency Room，getting her from her house to her car is like climbing Mount Everest.”可知，把布鲁克从家里接上车就如同登珠穆朗玛峰那样困难。故B项正确。3What is Random Acts?AA nonprofit organization.BA commercial company.CA group of kind people.DA television programme.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“That is，until Random Act
9、s，a television show I cohost on BYUtv.”可知，Ramdom Acts是一档电视节目。故D项正确。B(2018山西高三一模)Stained glass(彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and then breaking off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product.The most difficult cut in stained glass is ca
10、lled an inside cut.Basically，its a curved(弯曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the curve.The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.As the artist talked about inside cuts，he said，“The glass will break in
11、to pieces if you try to cut too much off at once.The best way to do an inside cut is to slice off smaller curves piecebypiece.In fact，its not just the best way to do it，but its the only way to do it.”How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselv
12、es that we can do this all the time.Well commit to transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push ourselves to the edge of burning out.Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting b
13、y slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off，you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside cut.By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves，you prevent the glass from breaking as it changes shape.Of course，change isnt easyno matter how you do it.Slow ga
14、ins are boring，but if we keep making small improvements，then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述玻璃艺术家切割玻璃的方式慢慢的切割不造成玻璃破碎告诉读者生活中我们也应该一点点取得进步，最后达成目标，获得成功。4Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult?AIt nee
15、ds a oneandonly design.BIt calls for nothing but inspiration.CThe edges of the curve break easily.DThe glass inside the curve is easily broken.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the pieces of scored glass are broken apart.”可知，内部切割的
16、问题在于，当刻划过的玻璃裂开的时候，曲线的边缘往往会折断。故选C。5What mistakes are easily made according to Paragraph 3?ABeing too eager to make improvements.BBeing too worried about the final outcome.CTrying to make a complete change all at once.DDeveloping to focus on progress instead of achievements.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“How man
17、y times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time.”可知，我们很容易犯的错误是试图一次就做出彻底的改变。故选C。6What does the author suggest by saying “slicing a shallow curve”？AMoving forward with a clear aim.BStarting slow and improving little by li
18、ttle.CDeveloping a new habit with great determination.DHandling something major first and ignore the minor part.答案B解析推理判断题。根据上文“Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist？”可推断，作者建议像一个彩色玻璃艺术家一样接近目标和梦想，结合第一、二段的讲述可推断，画线句的意思是：慢慢开始，一点点进步，每次一小块，逐渐稍微大一点直到完全切开整个里面。故选B。7What is the au
19、thors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of stained glass.BTo introduce the skill of an inside cut.CTo appreciate designs of stained glass artists.DTo share his opinions on how to make a change.答案D解析写作目的题。纵观全文可知，最后一段点明了作者的观点：改变不容易，如果保持小的进步，很快我们会完成我们的杰作而不是满地碎片。因此推断本文的写作目的是为了分享他关于如何做出改变的观点。
20、故选D。.完形填空(2018天津河东区一模)He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his familys cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.On the day before the bass season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening， 8 sunfish and perch with worms.Then he ti
21、ed on a small lure and practiced casting.The lure 9 the water and caused colored ripples(涟漪，细浪) in the sunset，then 10 ripples as the moon rose over the lake.When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something 11 was on the other end.His father watched with 12 as the boy skillfully worked the fish al
22、ongside the dock.Finally，he carefully lifted the 13 fish from the water.It was the largest one he had ever seen，but it was a bass.The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish，gills(鳃) playing back and forth in the 14 .The father lit a match and looked at the watch.It was 10 pm.two hours 15 the
23、 season opened.He looked at the fish，then at the boy.“Youll have to 16 ，son，” he said.“Dad！” cried the boy.“There will be other fish，” said his father.“Not as big as this one，” cried the boy.He looked around the lake.No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight.He looked again a
24、t his father.Even though no one had seen them， 17 could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish，the boy could 18 by the clarity of his fathers voice that the decision was not negotiable(可协商的)He slowly pulled the 19 out of the lip of the huge fish and 20 it into the black water.The creature swi
25、shed its powerful body and disappeared.The boy 21 that he would never again see such a great fish.That was 34 years ago.Today，the boy is a successful architect in New York City.And he was right.He has never again caught such a magnificent fish 22 the one that was set free by him that night long ago.
26、But he does see that same fish 23 every time he 24 against a question of ethics.For，as his father taught him，ethics are simple 25 of right and wrong. 26 is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.Do we do right when no one is looking? We would 27 we were taught to put the fish back when we wer
27、e young.语篇解读这个故事描述了在距离鲈鱼开渔季节只有两个小时的时候，在无人知晓的情况下父子俩抓到一条大鲈鱼，父亲要求儿子把大鱼放回去，并教育儿子严守规则，以及儿子在后来人生成功道路上所受的影响。8A.catching BdrawingCtrapping Dexpecting答案A解析catch抓住；draw绘画；trap诱捕；expect期待。此处指他和父亲很早就去钓鱼，用虫子做诱饵钓翻车鱼和河鲈。故选A。9A.met BstruckCknocked Dattacked答案B解析meet遇见；strike撞击；knock敲；attack攻击。此处指鱼饵接触到水在落日下形成有色的涟漪。故
28、选B。10A.golden BsilverCblack Dblue答案B解析golden金色的；silver银色的；black黑色的；blue蓝色的。根据“as the moon rose”可知在银色的月光下变成银色的涟漪，根据常识选B。11A.light BslimCsmall Dhuge答案D解析light轻的；slim苗条的；small小的；huge巨大的。当鱼竿向下坠的时候，他感觉到钓到了大东西。与下文的“the largest one he had ever seen”和“the huge fish”呼应。故选D。12A.decision BinstructionCadmiratio
29、n Dcelebration答案C解析decision决定；instruction指令；admiration赞赏；celebration庆祝。根据“the boy skillfully worked.”可知，男孩技术熟练，父亲赞赏地看着他。故选C。13A.lively BlivingCexhausted Ddead答案C解析lively活泼的；living活着的，活的；exhausted疲惫的；dead死的。鱼被钓到后肯定会拼命挣扎，当最后被钓上来后已经很疲惫。根据常识选C。14A.moonlight BsunCwind Dlake答案A解析moonlight月光；sun太阳；wind风；la
30、ke湖。与上文的“as the moon rose over the lake”和下文的“It was 10 pm.”及“in the moonlight”呼应，可知父子二人在月光下看着鱼鳃反复鼓动。故选A。15A.when BsinceCafter Dbefore答案D解析when当时候；since自从；after在之后；before在之前。根据上文的“before the bass season opened”可知，10点钟距离鲈鱼季开放还有两小时，现在还不到时间。故选D。16A.pull it up Bspeed it upCput it back Dbring it back答案C解析
31、pull.up把拉起来；speed.up使加快速度；put.back把放回去；bring.back把带回来。根据下文的“ it into the black water”可知，因为还不到开渔时间，所以父亲要求儿子把鱼放回去。故选C。17A.not BnorCand Dor答案B解析此处指没有人看见他们，也没有人知道他们钓到鱼的时间。表示“后者也不”用nor。故选B。18A.receive BbelieveCorganize Dtell答案D解析receive收到；believe相信；organize组织；tell辨别。男孩从父亲清晰的声音辨别出这个决定是不可协商的。故选D。19A.worm B
32、hookCboat Dmatch答案B解析worm虫；hook钩；boat船；match比赛。此处指男孩慢慢从大鱼嘴里拔出鱼钩。故选B。20A.lowered BliftedCwatched Dchanged答案A解析lower降低，放低；lift举起；watch观察；change改变。此处指男孩弯下身把鱼放回水里。故选A。21A.expected BadmittedCcomplained Dsuspected答案C解析expect期望；admit承认；complain抱怨；suspect怀疑。把鱼放走后，男孩抱怨以后再也遇不到这么大的鱼了。表示男孩不情愿放鱼。故选C。22A.that Bwh
33、enCas Dbecause答案C解析such.as.和一样。故选C。23A.once again Bagain and againCall the time Din the end答案B解析once again再一次；again and again再三地，反复地；all the time一直；in the end最后。男孩虽然没有再见过那么大的鱼，但他确实反复见过那条鱼。指面对选择。故选B。24A.comes up Bcatches upCmakes up Drings up答案A解析come up against面对。此处指每次他面对道德问题时的选择。故选A。25A.information
34、 BadviceCmatters Dmessages答案C解析information信息；advice建议；matter事件；message信息。父亲教给他道德是关于对错的简单的事。故选C。26A.It BHeCThe right DThe wrong答案A解析此处是强调句，被强调部分是only the practice of ethics。故选A。27A.even if BthoughCunless Dif答案D解析even if即使；though虽然；unless除非；if如果。如果我们小时候被教导要把鱼放回去，没人看着时我们也能做正确的事。故选D。.语法填空(2018全国名校联盟第二次考
35、试)The importance of punctuality(守时) in our daily lives 28. (be) obvious.It affects both the individual(个人) and the workplace.On 29. whole，the workplace operates more smoothly when employees are punctual.For example，when everyone is on time for a meeting，the meeting will start smoothly as it 30. (sch
36、edule)Punctuality may help you achieve advancement.Research shows that managers are less 31. (like) to promote late employees.Lack of punctuality affects the people in the workplace.It may lead to anger，as colleagues who are on time compare 32. (they) with latecomers.Being late throws you out of the
37、 group，as you may miss important 33. (inform)This causes a harmful division among employees.Leaders affect the entire workplace.When leaders are late，it sends an irresponsible message to employees,34. may decrease their work enthusiasm.Lateness leads to stress，and stress brings 35. poor workplace pe
38、rformance.Being consistently late may cause you 36. (start) believing your lateness is acceptable.When this happens，you begin to blame outside circumstances and lose focus on potential solutions.To make matters 37. (bad)，constant lateness can eventually make you lose your job.28答案is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。表示
39、一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数，填is。29答案the解析考查固定短语。on the whole总的来说，是固定短语，所以填the。30答案is scheduled解析考查动词的时态和语态。it 与schedule之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且全文时态为一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，填is scheduled。31答案likely解析考查固定用法。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，是固定用法，所以填likely。32答案themselves解析考查反身代词。句意为：它可能会引起愤怒，因为按时的同事会拿他们自己和迟到的人相比较。
40、表示“他们自己”，所以填themselves。33答案information解析考查名词。作miss的宾语，用名词，所以填information。34答案which解析考查非限制性定语从句。 may decrease their work enthusiasm作定语修饰an irresponsible message to employees，且有逗号隔开，所以这是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填which。35答案about解析考查固定短语。句意为：压力引起很差的工作表现。bring about引起，是固定短语，所以填about。36答案to start解析考查固定用
41、法。cause sb.to do sth.导致某人做某事，是固定用法，所以填to start。37答案worse解析考查固定用法。to make matters worse更糟糕的是，更严重的是，是固定用法，所以填worse。推理判断题观点态度题(2018浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assemb
42、ly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the mo
43、tel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system，th
44、e largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial power.The cars that dro
45、ve the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas LFriedman.He fe
46、ars the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new centur
47、y.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo explain Americans love for travelling by car.BTo show the influence of cars on American cul
48、ture.CTo stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.DTo praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有
49、相当大的影响。故选B项。29What has the use of cars in America led to?ADecline of economy.BEnvironmental problems.CA shortage of oil supply.DA farmbased society.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项
50、。30What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?AAmbiguous. BDoubtful.CHopeful. DTolerant.答案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断
51、。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1文章作者或文中人物对某
52、事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的；supp
53、ortive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
