1、2022年高考英语语法复习：表语从句+同位语从句 知识点讲解与练习题汇编一、考频分析年份宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句总分2021010001.52020000011.52019000101.52018000011.52017000011.52016000011.52015000011.5总结：2019年之前，每年的语法填空必考定语从句；从2019年开始定语从句和名词性从句隔年考。二、知识讲解【表语从句】一、定义 在句中充当表语的从句(即放在系动词后面)叫做表语从句二、用法1)that引导的表语从句that为从属连词，不充当任何成分，无词义，只起引导作用，在非正式语体中that也可
2、以省略，表示确定的陈述，位于从句句首。 My advice is that we should set off earlier. The answer is they didnt call me Jim.2)whether引导的表语从句whether为从属连词，不充当任何成分，有词义，只起引导作用，在非正式语体中是可以省略的，表示不确定的陈述，位于从句句首。 The question is whether we should accept his invitation.3)疑问词或连接词引导的表语从句 疑问词或连接词为代词或副词，充当成分，有词义，一般不省略，表示疑问或陈述，位于从句句首。 T
3、hats why we put off the meeting.注1：reason后跟表语从句时，一般只用that而不用because/why引导。 eg:The reason why he came late yesterday was that he was ill at home.注2：一些从属连词as/as if/as though/because/why也可引导表语从句。 Things were not as they seemed to be. It looked as if it was going to rain. Thats because he didnt work har
4、d for the company. Thats why I asked for a weeks leave.三、使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等 e.g. My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.四、常用句型：主语+be+表语从句代词+be+表语从句It/This/That +be+表语从句eg. This is what
5、I want. 这就是我想要的东西。 That is because I lack money.那是因为我缺钱。名词+be+表语从句eg. Knowledge is what I long for.知识就是我渴望的东西。The reason was that she got up late.有改错题时：The reason was because she got up late. (becausethat) =That is because she got up late.名词+定语从句+be+ 表语从句eg. Knowledge that is useful is what I long f
6、or. 有用的知识就是我渴望的东西。主语从句+be+表语从句（小作文高分表达）eg. What is useful is what I long for. 有用的东西就是我渴望的。 What I hope is that you can accept my invitation.【同位语从句】一、定义：同位语从句是对中心词具体内容的解释和说明。中心词一般是news, fact, idea, information, conclusion, problem, suggestion, evidence, belief, promise等抽象名词。注：分隔式/间隔式同位语从句：若主句的谓语较短，同位
7、语从句较长，通常把同位语从句后置，从而构成分隔式/间隔式同位语从句。这时，要根据语意并仔细分析句子结构，才能做出准确判断。 When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 二、用法1)that引导的同位语从句 that为从属连词，引导同位语从句时，that不充当任何成分，无词义，只起引导作用，一般不省略，表示确定的陈述。 eg: The news that they won the match is true.2) whether引导的同位语从句whether为从属连词，不充当任何成分，有词
8、义，只起引导作用，一般不省略，表示不确定的陈述。eg: The question whether it is right or wrong depends on situation. He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. 3) 疑问词或连接词引导的同位语从句 疑问词或连接词为代词或副词，充当成分，有词义，一般不省略，表示疑问或陈述。 eg: I have no idea what has happened to him. 三、常见的同位语从句高级句型 (1) There is no denyin
9、g that + 主语 + 谓语(不可否认的) e.g. There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. (2) There is no doubt that 从句(毫无疑问的) e.g. There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.注意： There is some doubt+ when/whether/what/where/who不可以用that四、同位语从句和定语
10、从句的区别(1)从句的作用不同：定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.e.g. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.(定语从句) We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.(同位语从句)(2)被修饰的
11、词不同：定语从句的先行词是任何名词都可以；同位语从句的中心词只能是抽象名词（无法用化学符号表示），常见 news, truth, fact, idea, information, conclusion, problem, suggestion, evidence, belief, promise等。(4)引导词不同：定语从句的引导词没有 what, how, whether等，而且that充当从句的成分；同位语从句可以用 what, how, whether等，同事that不充当从句的成分。Eg. I know the man that is under the tree.(定语从句) I h
12、ave a question whether the future will be better. We heard the news that our team had won三、随堂练习表语从句一、单项选择( ) 1 He was born here. - That is _ he likes the place so much. A. that B. what C. why D. how ( ) 2 That is _ Lu Xun lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why ( ) 3 America was _was first called “Ind
13、ia” by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there where ( ) 4 China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be( ) 5 _he really means is _he disagrees with us. A. What that B. That th
14、at C. What what D. That what ( ) 6 The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such ( ) 7 The reason is _ I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what ( ) 8 The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. A. because B. that C. for D. because of ( ) 9 Go a
15、nd get your coat. It s _you left it A. where B. there C. there where D. where there ( ) 10 The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. A. that B. if C. when D. whether二、单句语法填空1. This is I can do for you right now.2. The reason for his success is he worked hard.3. Thats he refused myinv
16、itation.4. The reason why he can make his dream come true is he has a quality of perseverance.5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.6. The reason _ she preferred city life is_she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.7. Teacher
17、s development is _the key to better education lies.8.Thismodernhotel,in_thevisitorscanenjoythebestserviceinthecity,is_Marystayedlasttime. 9. The question is _ he can arrive at the hotel on time or not.10. My suggestion is _ we should tell him the truth.11. The question is _ the movie is worth watchi
18、ng. 12. The point is _ much time we should spend on the task.13. What I am trying to find out is _ bus I should take.14. If I am very sleep, it is _ I stayed up all night.15. The problem is _ we can find him. At school or in the shopping centre?四、翻译1. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。_2. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。_3. 困难是我们缺乏资金
19、。_4. 这是我们应当做的。_5. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。_同位语从句一、判断从句类型（定语从句/同位语从句）1. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 2. The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.The suggestion that the second question should be discussed first was
20、 turn down.3. The news came that the Chinese womens volleyball team had won the match again. We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us. 二、单项选择1. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistantThere is too much work to do.Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 2. Modern
21、 science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where3. I have no idea Mike refused an offer from Yale Universityyesterday, which is one of his favourite universities.A. what B. which C. that D. why4. There is some doubt Chinese women volleyball team
22、will win the goldmedal in Rio Olympic Games.A. how B. that C. whether D. this5. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear_ he would die of the disease.A. who B. that C. whether D. where6. A problem has occurred _we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by
23、giving students opportunities to generate new ideas. A. whom B. what C. whether D. where7. With your help, there is no doubt _our plan is meant for what will work out successfully. A. who B. that C. whether D. where8.The news came, as expected, _ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go
24、 to Africa where people are suffering a lot from aids.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. She held a strong belief _ the education her son received would enable him to be a useful man.A. that B. what C. how D. which10. We still have some doubt _ they can complete the task on time.A. if B. that C. whet
25、her D. who二、单句语法填空1. (2017浙江嘉兴模拟改编)Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine _ pleasant smells might reduce pain.2. (2016济南高三针对性训练)They expressed the hope _ they would come over to visit China again.3. I have no idea _the boy is doing in the next room now.4.The que
26、stion _ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.5. We havent yet settled the question _we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. The news _ Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.7. I have no idea _ they were able to get it done in so short a time.8. When you are in
27、 bed, please set aside the thought you have to fall asleep.9. You have no idea anxious I have been for her safety. 10. He worked very hard. Its no wonder _ he got the first prize.三、汉译英。1. 有消息传来说，他们这次没有信守诺言。_2. 毫无疑问，中国是世界上最强大的国家之一。_3.他每天工作18小时的事实是真的。_4. 我不知道他什么时候回来。(have no idea)_5. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问
28、题。_参考答案：表语从句：一、1-5 CBAAA 6-10 CABAD 二、1. what 2. that 3. why 4. that 5. whether6. why; that 7. where 8. which；where 9. whether 10. that11. whether 12. how 13. which 14. because 15. where三、1. His suggestion is that we should stay calm.2. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.3.The trouble i
29、s that we are short of funds4. This This is what we should do5.Thats why I want you to work there同位语从句一、1. 定语从句；同位语从句 2. 定语从句；同位语从句 3. 同位语从句；定语从句二、1-5 BCDCD 6-10 CABAC三、1. how 2. that 3. what 4. who 5. where6. that 7. whether 8. that 9. how 10. That四、1. Wordcame that they hadnt kept their word/had broken their word.2. There is no doubt that China is one of the strongest countries in the world.3. The fact that he worked/works for 18 hours every day was/is true.4. I have no idea when he will come back home.5. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.第 8 页 共 8 页
