1、专题三 代词命题规律：2020年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对代词的考察集中在人称代词、it的用法、物主代词、反身代词上，此外，对不定代词的考察将成为高考难点。命题趋势：对代词的考察仍会成为高考语篇型填空的重点。重点易错点一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1. 基本用法类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性功能主语宾语、表语定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouryoursyourself复数yourselves第三人称单数hehimhishimselfsheher
2、herhersherselfitititsitself复数thetthemtheirtheirsthemselves例题：1.People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop (they)off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.2. The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use to treat
3、 everything from headaches to depression.3.When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk customs as well as other thrilling tourist activities.4. Before getting on the plane, train, or bus, learn from these mistakes to avoid the
4、 crowds and make the most of (you) holiday.答案：1. them2. it3. its4. your2.反身代词的搭配say to oneself心里想dress oneself自己穿衣seat oneself坐下enjoy oneself 玩得开心teach oneself自学help oneself to随便吃；随便用behave oneself有礼貌；守规矩of oneself自动地in oneself本质上，本身by oneself独自，单独for oneself替自己，为自己to oneself独自拥有的beside oneself（因情绪）
5、失去自制力，失常adapt oneself to适应apply oneself to专心致志于devote oneself to致力于，献身于，专心于make oneself at home舒适自在，无拘束treat oneself to招待，款待，买（可享受的东西）例题：1.I dont want any help. 1 want to do it by (my).2. He devoted (him) to doing his research.3. The girl worked out the problem by (her).4. The door opened (it).5. We
6、 kept the secret to (our).答案：1. myself2. himself3. herself4. itself5. ourselves二、it的用法1、it的指代用法（1）指代上文提到的某样东西Eg: Where is my dictionary? I left it right on the desk.我的字典在哪里？我就把它放在书桌上了。（2）用以代替指示代词this, thatEg: Whats this? 这是什么？Its a flag. 它是一面旗。（3）指代不知性别的婴儿（baby）或身份不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁）Eg:The baby cr
7、ied because it was hungry.这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。Who is knocking at the door? It might be the postman。谁在敲门？可能是邮递员。（4）指代时间、距离、天气、气候、环境或温度。Eg:It is nine oclock sharp now.现在是九点整。It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下的正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。Its very noisy in the room.屋里噪音很大。（5）it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句
8、作形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。Eg:Its not easy to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语不容易。（代替不定式短语形式主语）I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。（代替名词性从句作形式宾语）2. It 作形式主语、形式宾语常用句型（1）it作形式主语It is a pity/shame that.真可惜It is no wonder that. 不足为奇，并不奇怪It seems/appears that.似乎/看来
9、It looks/seems as if/as that.看起来/似乎/好像It happens that.碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that.某人突然想起It is said/reported that 据说/据报道.It is certain that 肯定.It is well-known that. 众所周知.It is no use/no good doing sth. 做某事没用/没好处It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花某人多长时间（2）it 作形式宾语主语+ think/believ
10、e/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.+it+adj./n.+for/of+sb.to do sth./that 从句主语+ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.+it+adj./no use/no good doing doing sth.3.与it相关的常用短语和句型（1）I take it that you dont agree with me.我想你不同意我的意见。（2）I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.当我非得用法语打电话时，
11、我感到厌烦。（3）I like it when she sings a song to me.我喜欢她为我唱歌。（4）I cant help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。（5）1 would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。（6）Please see to it that（make sure that）you bring enough money when you go out.出门时，请确保带足了钱。（7）You can depend upon it that he is ve
12、ry smart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。（8）As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。（9）When it comes to drive，shes got more than any of us.讲干劲，她比谁都足。（10）It is（high）time that we had/should have lunch.该吃午饭了。（11）It is the first/second.time I have visited the place.这是我第一/二次参观这个地方。（12）It is/has been 3 years si
13、nce he joined the army.他参军3年了。（13）It was 3 years before he came back home.3年了他才回家。（14）It is I who/that am right.我是对的。例题：用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子1. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的。I think that we have the meeting.2. 众所周知，在世界上中国人口最多。. China has the largest population in the world.3. 据说他们都去看电影了。 all of them have gone to the
14、cinema.答案：1. it(is) necessary2. It is well-known that3. It is said that三、不定代词的区分1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别指代 词义都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物allanynoneEg: Ive bought two books；you can have either.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。Any child who breaks the rules will be punished.凡违反规定的孩子都要受罚。No
15、ne of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。例题：1. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.2. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.答案：1. either2. neither2. another, the other, others, the others的区别代词用法例句ano
16、ther指三者或三者以上I dont like this room. Im going to ask for another.我不喜欢这个房间。我打算另要一间。the other特指两者中的另一个，常用在“one, the other”结构中If you match that glove against this one，you will find that one is slightly lighter than the other.假如你把那只手套和这只手套进行比较，你会发现一只比另一只的颜色略微淡一点。others泛指别的人或物，常用在“some,others”结构中Some stude
17、nts are cleaning the classroom；others are playing on the playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另外一些学生在操场上玩。the others特指其余的所有的人或物Shes not less capable than the others in the class.她的能力并不比班里其他人弱。注意：（1）the other通常还可作定语修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词复数时，表示“其余所有的”。Eg:：All the other students are here；only he is absent today.其他学生都在这里，今天只有他缺
18、席了。（2）another后还可跟“基数词/few+可数名词复数”表示“另外几个”another+基数词+可数名词复数=基数词+more+可数名词复数。Eg：I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another three weeks（= three more weeks）.我在这里已经待了两周了，我还要在这儿再待三周。（3）other作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；前面若有the，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。如：I dont like this
19、colour. Have you got any other colour？我不喜欢这种颜色，你还有其他颜色吗？例题：1. Some people like music. are fond of sports.2. Two hundred yuan is not enough. I still need fifty yuan to cover my living expense.3.Many people are visiting the Birds Nest. Some are talking； are taking photos.4.There are forty-five student
20、s in my class. Twenty are from the country, and the are from the town.5.We have three sets of garden tools. One of them is old. The two are new.答案：1. Others2. another3. others4. others5. other3.nobody/no one, nothing, none的区别代词指代用来回答相当于是否加of短语nobody/no one人whonot anybodynot anyone否nothing物whatnot an
21、ything否none人或物how manyhow muchnot a/an/any+名词或no+名词是Eg:1. As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.由于我们都睡着了，所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。2. I wish I could offer you some cake but theres none left.我真想能请你吃些蛋糕，但一点儿也没剩下。例题：1. There are many people surrounding the injured, but of them are willing to give a hand.2
22、. I want to drink some tea but there s left in the teapot.3.How much water did you drink? (no).4.I have three sons. of them is a doctor.5.How many apples did you buy? . The prices are too high.答案：1. none2. none3. None4. None5. None4. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别多少复数名词概念manyfew不可数名词概念m
23、uchlittle肯定否定复数名词概念a fewfew不可数名词概念a littlelittle注意：1. only a few=few; only a little=little; quite a few=many; quite a little=much2. many，much，（a）few，（a） little作代词后加of短语时，of后的名词或代词必须是特定的。Eg:今天这些人中有很多缺席了。Many of people are absent today.（）Many of the people are absent today.（）3. a little与a bit 都可指代或修饰不
24、可数名词，也可作状语。a little 直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit后需加of；作状语时，都表示程度，意义相同，但是not a little意为“很”，而not a bit意为“一点也不”。Eg: Theres only a bit of/a little room left for the piano.屋子里仅有一点地方放这架钢琴。He is a little/a bit angry.他有点生气。He is not a bit angry.他一点也不生气。He is not a little angry.他非常生气。例题：1. There are eggs at home. Could
25、you go and buy some?2. The problem is so complex that only a of us can figure it out.3. Im so busy that I have time to relax.4. He can speak Japanese but not much.5. Tom made mistakes in the exam and got eighty marks.答案：1. few2. few3. little4. a little/a bit of5. a few5. one, ones, the one, the ones
26、, those(指示代词)，that(指示代词)的区别（1）one vs onesl one可用a/an+单数名词替代。Eg: We have various summer camps for your holiday. You can choose one（=a summer camp）based on your own interest.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。l ones可用零冠词+复数名词替代Eg:Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents，ones（= presents）that I had never
27、 seen.张先生给了我很多贵重的礼物，这些（礼物）是我从来没见过的。（2）the one vs the onesl the one可用the+单数名词替代Eg: The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book) under the desk.桌子上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。l the ones可用the+复数名词替代Eg:The books on the desk are better than the ones/those（= the books）under the desk.桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。（3）th
28、ose vs thatl those可用the+复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）Eg:The books on the desk are better than the ones/those（= the books）under the desk.桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。l that可用the+单数名词/不可数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）Eg: Little joy can equal that（= the joy）of a surprising ending when you read stories.几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。例题：1. Im
29、moving to the countryside because the air there is mu fresher than in the city.2. Helping others is a habit, _you can learn even at an early age. 答案：1. that; 2. one6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语。He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名职员。He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。She is something of a doctor. She has saved many l
30、ives.她算得上是一位医生。她救了很多人的命。He is a scientist or something.他是科学家之类的人物。Your house is something like ours.你们的房子有点像我们的。They get something like 97%renewals every year.他们每年差不多有97%的用户续订。例题：用anything, nothing填空1. Shes always trying to get something for .2. They work very hard. They are but lazybones.3. The vis
31、it is boring. It is but a waste of time.答案：1. nothing; 2. anything; 3. nothing7. 全部肯定，部分肯定或全部否定全部肯定部分否定全部否定bothnot出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中neitherall(+名词)none; not any(+名词)；no+名词everybody/everyone;everything;every+名词nobody/no one;nothingEg: Not all of them smoke=All of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。四、疑问代
32、词由于疑问代词和疑问副词关联性较强，将疑问代词和疑问副词一并进行介绍。1、基本知识分类形式词义功能主语表语定语宾语状语疑问代词who谁whom谁whose谁的what什么which哪个（些）疑问副词when什么时候where什么地方why为什么how如何2. 固定用法（1）What is he？他是干什么的？（问职业、地位）He is a teacher.他是一名老师。Who is he？他是谁？（问姓名或身份）He is Tom.他是汤姆。（2）What subject do you like best？你最喜欢什么科目？（无范围）Which subject do you like best
33、？你最喜欢哪个科目？（有范围）（3）What is the population of China？How many people are there in China？中国有多少人口？（4）What is the distance？How far is it？距离有多远？（5）What do you think of the film？How do you like/find/feel the film？你觉得这部电影怎么样？（6）What is his address？Where does he live？他住在哪里？（7）What is the depth of the well？How deep is the well？那口井有多深？
