1、2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（二十一）一 语法填空A 篇 【2019届普通高等学校招生考试衡水金卷调研卷三】This happened a week ago. That morning, I 41 (accidental) got on the wrong bus to work because I was reading the news on my phone. I had to walk several 42 (block) back to my office on a path I had never taken before.On the way, I met a man 43
2、 (sit) on a beach, who looked very unhappy, so I asked him what was wrong 44 him. He said his car 45 (steal) and he had no money to get to the airport to meet his wife. I told him I could help him and asked him to wait there for me. I went to 46 nearby bank and got some cash. When I returned, the ma
3、n was still standing there, watching me get close to him. When I gave him the money, he hugged me, thanked me, 47 started crying! I wished him 48 (safe) to get to the airport.I stopped at my usual restaurant for my breakfast and, at the door, I met 49 (other) man who politely said, “I dont want your
4、 money, but could you help me got some food?” I said yes and paid for this mans order. I wished him a good day.I thought I was 50 (luck) to meet the two people who needed help. I felt glad to help them.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者帮助了两个需要帮助的人，感觉自己非常幸运。41考查副词。修饰动词短语got on，用副词，所以填accidentally。42考查名词单复数。被sever
5、al修饰，所以用名词复数，填blocks。43考查非谓语动词。sit与其逻辑主语a man之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填sitting。44考查固定用法。be wrong with出毛病，是固定用法，所以填with。45考查宾语从句的时态。his car _5_ (steal)是一个宾语从句，主句He said是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去的时态，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以填had been stolen，且“他的汽车”和“偷”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填had been stolen。46考查冠词。泛指“附近的一家银行”，所以用不定冠词a。47考查连词。他拥抱了我，感谢
6、我，并且停止了哭泣。表示并列关系，所以填and。48考查名词。作动词wished的宾语，用名词，所以填safety。49考查形容词。这里表示“我见到另外一个人”，表示“另外的”，所以填another。50考查形容词。作was之后的表语，用形容词，所以填lucky。点睛：小题5考查宾语从句的时态。现对宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题总结如下：（1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that
7、 hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。（3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如：He told me that the each is round.（真理）他告诉我地球是圆的。B篇【2019届普通高等学校招
8、生考试衡水金卷调研卷五】There was a state 41 (call) Zhou in the Chinese history. One day, the king of Zhou asked his officials for advice on 42 (deal) with the prisoners of war. An official said, “If you love someone, you 43 (suppose) to love even the crows on the roof of his house. The prisoners of war are ene
9、mies fighting against us. In my opinion, wed better 44 (kill) them all.”But the king didnt agree with him. “I think we should treat the prisoner of war 45 (different) by differing them into those who are guilty and those who are not. They guilty ones will be sentenced 46 death in order to avoid futu
10、re disasters.”Then another one said, “Your majesty, I think all the prisoners should be set free and sent back home to work in the fields and support themselves by their own labor. 47, you should keep strictly the rules for reward and 48 (punish). The people are sure to believe in you 49 you govern
11、our country be morals and laws.”The king thought the officials proposal was quite reasonable so be accepted and followed it. As 50 result, the domestic situation soon settled down and gradually the country became stronger.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代的“周”朝皇帝向大臣们征求处理战犯的建议，他采纳了大臣的合理建议，国内局势很快安定下来，国家逐渐变得更加强大。41考查过去
12、分词。句意：在中国历史上有一个叫周的国家。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为called。42考查动名词。句意：一天，周王问他的官员如何处理战俘问题。介词on后面用动名词做宾语，故答案为dealing。43考查固定结构。句意：如果你爱一个人，你就应该爱他的一切。be supposed to本应该做某事，结合句意，句子用一般现在时态，主语是you，故答案为supposed。44考查固定结构。had better do sth.最好做某事，故答案为kill。45考查副词。句意：我认为我们应该以不同的方式对待战俘。副词修饰动词，故答案为differently。46考查固定词组。句意：为了避免未来的灾
13、难，他们将被判处死刑。be sentenced to 被判-刑，故答案为to。47考查副词。句意：我认为所有的囚犯都应该被释放，然后被遣送回家在地里干活，靠自己的劳动养活自己。另外，你应该严格遵守奖励和惩罚的规则。结合句意，前后是递进关系。故答案为Besides/ Moreover。48考查名词。句意：另外，你应该严格遵守奖励和惩罚的规则。介词后面用名词、动名词、代词做宾语，故答案为punishment。49考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你道德和法律治理我们的国家，人民一定会相信你。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，故答案为if。50考查固定短语。As a result结果，故答案为a。C篇【201
14、9届山东临沂临沐一中高三12月阶段性检测】There was a man who had four sons. Never 41 they stop quarrelling with one another. He was always telling them how much 42 (easy) life would be if they worked together but they took absolutely no notice of him. One day he decided to show them 43 he meant.He called all the sons t
15、ogether and put a 44 (tight) tied bundle of sticks on the floor in front of them.“Can you break that?” he asked the youngest son. The boy put his knee on the bundle but 45 he pressed and pulled with his arms he could not bend the wood.The father required each son in turn 46 (try) to break the bundle
16、, but 47 of them could do it. Then he untied the string and scattered the sticks.“Now try,” 48 (say) the father. The boys broke the sticks easily in their hands.“Do you see what I mean?” the father asked, “if only you stand together no one can hurt you. If you all disagree 49 whole time and insist o
17、n going your separate ways, the first enemy you meet will be able to destroy you.” United we stand 50 (divide) we fall.【解析】从前有一个人，他有四个儿子，但儿子们总是争吵。有一天，他通过让孩子们挨个去折一捆扎得很紧的细树枝，让孩子们明白合则存，分则败的道理。41考查倒装句。句意：从前有一个人，他有四个儿子。儿子们不断地争吵。否定副词位于句首，谓语动词用部分倒装，空格前有never，故填did。42考查形容词比较级。句意：他一再告诫他们说，如果他们一起干活儿，生活会舒适得多。根
18、据if they worked together虚拟语气可以判断出如果这样，生活会更加容易，故填easier。43考查宾语从句引导词。句意：有一天，他决定通过示范把自己的意思告诉他们。动词show后面是宾语从句，从句中mean后面缺少宾语，表示“所的”，故填what。44考查副词。句意：他把四个儿子都叫来，又把一捆扎得很紧的细树枝放在他们面前的地上。副词修饰动词，故填tightly。45考查状语从句引导词。句意：小伙子用膝盖顶住，两只手又压又拉，都不能把那捆树枝弄弯。根据后面的他不能弄弯，得知这里考查状语从句，当他做某事时、尽管他做某事，故填when/while/though/although
19、。46考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲让别的儿子挨个儿试试，看他们是否能把那捆树枝折断，但谁也做不到。require somebody to do要求某人做某事，故填to try。47考查代词。句意：父亲让别的儿子挨个儿试试，看他们是否能把那捆树枝折断，但谁也做不到。根据but可以判断出每个孩子都试了，但是没有人成功，none of them没有人，故填none。48考查动词时态。句意：然后，他解开绳子，把树枝撒开。“试试吧。”他说。本文是一则故事，讲述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填said。49考查冠词。句意：如果你们老吵架，一定要各行其是，那么你们一遇到敌人，就会被打败。the whol
20、e time“全部时间（自始至终），总是”，故填the。50考查形容词。句意：合则存，分则败。空格前有United we stand，故填divided。二 短文改错A篇【2019届普通高等学校招生考试衡水金卷调研卷三】A good friend of me had a dog. He loved it very much that he regarded it like his best friend. Unfortunately, last Friday the dog was killed by car, which made him be heartbroken. I must did
21、 something to comfort him. To cheer him up, I went through all my old photo and made a nice picture collection of him and his dog. Hopeful, it will work. I knew I cant replace his pet and best friend but at least I can put a smile on his face again. That is how I should do for a friend. A friend in
22、need is a friend indeed.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章通过作者的亲身经历说明了患难见真情这个道理。第一处：考查名词性物主代词。这里表示“我朋友中的一个”，需要使用名词性物主代词，所以me改成mine。第二处：考查固定句型。sothat太以至于，是固定句型，所以very改成so。第三处：考查固定短语。regard as把当作，是固定短语，所以like改成as。第四处：考查冠词。泛指“一辆汽车”，且car的首字母发音是辅音，所以用不定冠词a。第五处：考查固定用法。make sb. adj. 这里的形容词是表示sb状态的词语，所以删除be。第六处：考查动词。情态动词mus
23、t之后用动词原形，所以did改成do。第七处：考查名词单复数。all表示三者或三者以上，所以photo用复数形式，photo改成photos。第八处：考查副词。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以Hopeful改成Hopefully。第九处：考查时态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以knew改成know。第十处：考查表语从句。那是我应该为一个朋友做的事情。what I should do for a friend.作is之后的表语，所以what I should do for a friend.是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用what，how改成what。点睛：小题10考查表语从句。现
24、对表语从句的用法进行总结： 1、定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2构成：引导词+简单句 3 引导表语从句的引导词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从
25、属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, ho
26、w, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 疑难点 1连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，
27、谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。B篇【2019届普通高等学校招生考试衡水金卷调研卷五】How to keep mental healthAs we know, mental health links to our happiness index. However, its vital to keep our mental health. Here are some advice on how to do it.F
28、irstly, accept yourself true. Knowing your own potentials and making practical goal instead of setting high expectations can keep yourself away from heavy burden, thus enjoy good mental health. Secondly, be friendly and sociable. Life with friends is miserable. So make friends. Its their comfort and
29、 support which help you go through hardship in life. Lastly, commit yourself to your career. Your efforts bring you a sense of achievement, which will in turn ensure your happiness.In a brief, it pays to focus our attention on our mental health. The more, the best!【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述的是人们如何保持心里健康。
30、第一处：考查副词。句意：正如我们所知，心理健康与我们的幸福指数有关。因此，保持我们的心理健康是重要的。上下句是一种因果关系，故把However改成Therefore/Thus。第二处：考查主谓一致。advice建议，是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故把are改成is。第三处：考查副词。句意：真正地接受你自己。副词修饰动词，故把true改成truly。第四处：考查名词复数。句意：了解自己的潜力，制定实际的目标，而不是设定很高的期望，可以让自己远离沉重的负担。结合句意goal应该用名词复数，故把goal改成goal。第五处：考查现在分词。句意：了解自己的潜力，制定实际的目标，而不是设定很高的期望
31、，可以让自己远离沉重的负担，结果享受良好的心理健康。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把enjoy改成enjoying。第六处：考查介词。句意：没有朋友的生活是痛苦的。结合句意，故把with改成without。第七处：考查强调句型。句意：这是他们的安慰和支持帮助你度过生活中的艰辛。此句是强调句型，故把which改成that。第八处：考查时态。句意：你的努力将带给你一种成就感，这将反过来确保你的幸福。结合句意，句子用一般将来时态，故在bring前加will。第九处：考查固定词组。In brief简而言之，故把a去掉。第十处：考查比较级。The +比较级，the +比较级。越-，就越-。故把bes
32、t改成better。C篇【2019届山东临沂临沐一中高三12月阶段性检测】In the past when batteries in the electrical equipments in my house ran out, I would just put them in the garbage bag. Last week I learned from magazine that one battery could possible pollute 16 thousand liters of water. It is deeply shocked that a battery can b
33、e so a pollutant. Then I came up to an idea. I decided to transform one of my shoe boxes into a battery recycling box. Then I put them in front of our apartment building. To my delighted, the box was filled up in a couple days. Then I call the recycling center to collect the batteries. The staff spo
34、ke highly of all what I did.1. 第一句equipments改为equipment2. 第二句from后面加a3. 第二句possible改为possibly4. 第三句shocked改为shocking5. 第三句so改为such6. 第四句to改为with7. 第六句them改为it8. 第七句delighted改为delight9. 第八句call改为called10. 第九句what去掉【解析】这篇文章主要讲了作者用自己的一只鞋盒子做了一个废旧电池回收箱。考查名词单复数。Equipment是不可数名词，所以equipments改为equipment。考查冠词
35、。上周，我从一份杂志上学到泛指“一份杂志”，且magazine的首字母发音是辅音，所以第二句 from 后面加a。考查副词。修饰动词pollute，用副词，所以第二句 possible改为possibly。考查v+ing。V+ing修饰人，而v+ed修饰物，这里修饰物，所以第三句 shocked改为shocking。考查固定用法。so后面接形容词，而such后接名词，这里接名词，所以第三句 so改为such。考查固定短语。然后，我想出一个主意。come up with提出，是固定短语，所以第四句 to改为with。考查代词。指代前面的“one of my shoe boxes”，所以第六句 them改为it。考查固定短语。To ones delight令某人高兴的是，是固定短语，所以第七句 delighted改为delight。考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以第八句 call改为called。全体员工对我做事情的评价很高。I did是一个省略了that的定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用that，也可以省略，what不能引导定语从句，所以第九句 what去掉。
