1、专题二 句法篇第3讲 并列连词和从属连词高考感知1(2021全国新高考卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure _ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.【答案与解析】1and考查连词。“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”为并列关系。故填and。2(2021全国新高考卷)On
2、e day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company _ emailed its president.【答案与解析】2and考查连词。“found the contact information of the company”和“emailed its president”是两个并列的动作。故填and。3(2021全 国 新 高 考 卷)My bike was
3、old and shaky _ did the job.【答案与解析】3but考查连词。“old and shaky”与“did the job”是转折关系。故填but。4(2021全国新高考卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _ the late 1980s.【答案与解析】4until考查连词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期它才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到才”使用“notuntil”。故填until。5(2020全国新高考卷)They kept th
4、eir collection at home until it got too big _ until they died,and then it was given to a museum.【答案与解析】5or考查连词。前后陈述的是两种可能性，“until it got too big”或“until they died”，故用or连接。6(2020全国卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces _ put them aside.【答案与解析】6and考查连词。前后两个动作接连发生，是顺承关系，而不是转折关系。7(2020全国卷改编)I waited pat
5、iently _ the oil was hot.【答案与解析】7until/till考查从属连词。此处意为“耐心地等待，直到油热起来”，应用until/till引导时间状语从句。8(2020全国卷)Actually，I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,_ have long been out of practice.【答案与解析】8but/yet考查连词。“7岁开始学功夫”与“很久没有练习”在语意上构成转折关系，而不是因果关系。9(2020全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn i
6、t again,_ that we can practice together every day.【答案与解析】9so考查固定搭配。so that可以引导目的状语从句，而such that不能引导目的状语从句。10(2020全国卷)_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.【答案与解析】10When/As考查从属连词。根据句意与句子结构可知，应用when/as引导时间
7、状语从句。11(2020江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project _ that it wont be delayed.【答案与解析】11so考查固定搭配。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免被耽搁。so that“为了；目的是”。12(2020天津卷)Why do people like pop music?I hate it so much.Even _ it is not your style,that doesnt mean it is bad.【答案与解析】12though/if考查从属连词。句意：“为什么人们喜欢流行音
8、乐？我很讨厌它。”“虽然它不是你喜欢的风格，但这并不意味着这种音乐不好。”even though/even if表示“虽然；尽管”。考情分析1并列连词(and,but,or,so,when,while等)；2状语从句的引导词。考点突破并列连词是近几年高考的必考点之一，and，but，or，so，when，while等是考查的重点。而状语从句的考查主要集中在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句等。解决并列句和状语从句的关键是找出句子之间或从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。考点一 并列连词及并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列
9、连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词，主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定，必须位于所连接的并列单位之间；两个并列连词不能并用。(一)四种类型1 表 并 列、递 进 或 顺 承 关 系：and，both and，neithernor，not only but alsoThe earth is one of the suns planets，and the moon is earths satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。2表转折、对比关系：but，yet，whileThe
10、problem was a little hard，yet I was able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。3表选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either or，not butNow you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。4表因果关系：so，for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to f
11、all.由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。(二)两大句式1when“就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式Sb.be about to do/on the point of doing sth.when 某人正要做某事，突然Sb.be doing sth.when 某人正在做某事，突然Sb.had done sth.when 某人刚做完某事，突然She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。2a
12、nd与or/otherwise用于并列句祈使句and陈述句(and表示顺承关系)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)Hurry up，or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。考点二 从属连词及状语从句(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词1when，as和while的用法(1)when引导时间状语从句时，表示“当的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动词同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。When the wind bl
13、ows，all the doors rattle.只要风一吹，这些门就吱嘎作响。(延续性动词)When I came home，my wife was cooking dinner.我回家时，妻子在做晚饭。(非延续性动词)如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略；当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。When(you are)in trouble，ask her for help.当你遭遇麻烦的时候，去向她求助。(2)while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”
14、，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时，while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，这时，主句中的谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。Study while you study；play while you play.该学习的时候就学习，该玩的时候就玩。I met her while I was at school.当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。(3)as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时，一边一边”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。He jumps as he
15、 goes along.他边走边跳。I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公交车时，我看见了他。2before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：It will be一段时间before 多久之后才It wont be long before 不久之后就It was一段时间before 过了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2)since的用法since
16、表示“自从”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。He has written to me frequently since his illness was all right.自从他病好以来，他经常给我来信。since表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since
17、从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。As is reported，it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。3till和until的用法(1)till或until表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put
18、 off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？(2)not until 表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know，his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instantThe moment
19、I heard the voice，I knew my father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner than，hardly/scarcelywhen的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No
20、sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(二)引导地点状语从句的从属连词地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where，wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词原因状语从句可由because，as，since，now t
21、hat，in that，considering(that)等词引导。1because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。2as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since(既然)，now that(既然)，in that(因为)，表示双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as，since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。No
22、w that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(四)引导条件状语从句的从属连词1条件状语从句的常见引导词if，unless(ifnot)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that(条件是)，if only(if)，provided that(如果)，in case(万一，如果)，suppose/supposing that(假设，如果)，assuming that等均可引导条件状语从句。My parents d
23、ont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。2条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。(五)引导目的状语从句的从属连词引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case(that)，lest等。1i
24、n order that和so that均可引导目的状语从句。两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。2for fear that，in case(that)和lest引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case(that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。The boy hid himse
25、lf behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。2当so
26、或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such as to。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。(七)引导方式状语从句的从属连词引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其
27、中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。(八)引导让步状语从句的从属连词1although，though，while可引导让步状语从句。Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重
28、要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2as引导让步状语从句时需用倒装语序，though引导让步状语从句时可倒装可不倒装。Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。3“疑问词ever”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论”。Wherever you choose to settle down，you should attempt to fit in with the local people.无论你选择
29、在哪里定居，你都应该尝试做到入乡随俗。4whether or 引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Well go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。技巧点拨语法填空解题“3技能”1牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件；2牢记固定句式结构，确定从属连词；3根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词。如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because,as,since;如果主从句有时间先后之分
30、，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if;如果从句表示让步，则要考虑用although,though,while。对点特训.单句语法填空1And he speaks so slowly and strangely_ it takes patience to understand what he is saying.2Not _ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.3In addition,some sharp remarks，_ they are eye-catch
31、ing,may have misleading effects on the youth.【答案】1that2until3though/although/while4Interesting _ it may seem,I dont like it.5This is the first time I have seen the moonlight _ I came here.6 I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us_ time goes by.7If the guests are sea
32、ted at the table,the hosts may serve the food,or it may be passed so _ each person may help himself.【答案】4as/though5since6as7that8Air pollution is getting more and more serious,so we must take action_ it is too late.9However,_ I came out of my teachers office,I told myself,“Smile!Its not so serious.”
33、10 Tongpao has risen in number over the past 15 years_ a worker in Central Chinas Henan Province named Wang Letian made a hanfustyle suit and wore it in public in 2003【答案】8before9after10since.写作运用1随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。_2我刚告诉他那则消息他就不听了。_【答案】1As he grew older,he became less active.2I had hardly told him
34、the news when he stopped listening.3这个婴儿直到他的妈妈回来才睡觉。_4战争已经结束三年了。_【答案】3The baby didnt go to bed until/till his mother returned.4It is three years since the war ended.5每次我见到她时，我总记不起她的名字。_6他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人。_【答案】5Every time I meet her，I always forget her name.6Only if he studies harder can he catch up w
35、ith others.语法填空My classmate Michael studied very hard 1_ he went to senior school.Every day he worked 2 _ everyone else in my class left the classroom.He said he wouldnt stop trying 3 _ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4_ he tried，he made little progress.【答案】1after2until3unless4as/though
36、But he didnt lose heart at all 5_ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.6_ time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party 7_ we started our new life in university.Everyone had got offers from universities,8_ we had a very good time.【答案】5because/for6As7before8soWhen we stood 9_ we used to play and study，we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other,10_ we would go or whatever we would do.【答案】9where10wherever
