1、考点08 构词法高考频度: 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。构词法一 派生法在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,
2、有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。1.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加ly extreme extremely尤其,非常stupid stupidly 傻地 改y为ilyhappy happily快乐地merry merrily 快乐地去e加lytrue真的 truly真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort shortage不足;短缺cyefficient efficiency效率;功效accurate accuracy准确性domfree freedom自由;自主wise wisdo
3、m明智;智慧encedifferent difference差异silent silence沉默nessweak weakness虚弱;弱点careless carelessness粗心大意thstrong strength力气;强项wide width宽ytyitydisable disability无能;残疾responsible responsibility责任3.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapprove approval赞成;批准arrive arrival到来anceappear appearance出现;外貌perform performance表演;节目enceexist ex
4、istence存在;生存refer reference参考;查阅ionconstruct construction建设evaluate evaluation评估ationconsider consideration考虑imagine imagination想象力(s)siondiscuss discussion讨论;辩论admit admission接纳;准许入学inghear hearing听力;听觉begin beginning开始mentargue argument辩论;论据equip equipment设备urefail failure失败;没做到press pressure压力tur
5、emix mixture混合;混合物depart departure离开;出发yrecover recovery恢复;痊愈discover discovery发现其他vary variety多样化;种类tend tendency趋向;趋势4.表示人的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示人的后缀有:后缀例词ervillage villager村民strange stranger陌生人arlie liar说谎者eeemploy employee受雇者;雇员interview interviewee被面试者orinvent inventor发明家educate
6、 educator教育家;教师esssteward stewardess 女乘务员host hostess 女主人;女主持人eseChina Chinese中国人Japan Japanese日本人anAmerica American美国人Australia Australian澳洲人ianhistory historian历史学家politics politician政治家;政客istspecial specialist专家tour tourist旅行者;观光者antparticipate participant参加者assist assistant助手;图书管理员5.动词、名词变形容词的常见
7、后缀后缀例词ableaccept acceptable可接受的comfort comfortable舒适的alperson personal个人的;私人的nature natural自然的;天生的fulhope hopeful有希望的peace peaceful和平的edconfuse confused感到困惑的bore bored感到厌倦的ingsurprise surprising令人惊讶的convince convincing令人信服的ibleaccess accessible容易到达的;容易取得的horror horrible可怕的;恐怖的iveeffect effective有效的;
8、生效的instruct instructive有教育意义的ousanxiety anxious忧虑的curiosity curious好奇的sometire tiresome令人厌倦的trouble troublesome麻烦的ytaste tasty美味的;可口的wealth wealthy富裕的;丰富的dirt dirty有灰尘的;脏的erneast eastern东方的;向东的west western西方的;向西的ishfool foolish愚蠢的;可笑的self selfish自私的icscience scientific科学的history historic历史上著名的aryima
9、gine imaginary想象中的6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词disadvantage disadvantage缺点comfort discomfort不舒适illegal illegal不合法的logical illogical不合逻辑的impatient impatient不耐烦的moral immoral不道德的informal informal非正式的convenient inconvenient不方便的irregular irregular不规则的responsible irresponsible不负责任的mislead mislead误导understand mis
10、understand误解unwilling unwilling不愿意的happy unhappy不高兴的后缀例词lesshope hopeless绝望的care careless粗心的7.变动词的前缀和后缀前缀例词enlarge enlarge扩大rich enrich使充实;使丰富后缀例词enbroad broaden使变宽hard harden使变硬ifyclass classify把分类beauty beautify美化izeapology apologize道歉emphasis emphasize强调1. (2019年新课标卷I语法填空) Scientists have respond
11、ed by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. 【答案】higher【解析】根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。2. (2019年新课标卷I语法填空) It is difficult to figure out a global popul
12、ation of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。3. (2018年新课标卷I语法填空) According to a review of evidence in a medi
13、cal journal, runners live three years _61_(long) than non-runners.【答案】longer【解析】句意:医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填longer。4.(2018年新课标卷I语法填空)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise, its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises
14、to_68_(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always_69_(energy).【答案】68. strengthen 69. energetic【解析】68. 考查词形转化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合,其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。69. 考查词形转化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据its可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。5. (2018年新课标卷II语法填空)A taste
15、 for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【答案】actually【解析】句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。构词法二转化法在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有
16、时差异也很大。动词 名词walk take a walk散步swim have a swim游泳名词 动词book n. v.预订milk n. v.挤奶形容词 动词slow adj. v.减慢narrow adj. v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小形容词副词hard adj.困难的adv.努力地high adj.高的adv.高deep adj.深的adv.深wide adj.宽的adv.广阔地构词法三 合成法把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在
17、一起。1.合成名词构成方式例词名词名词weekend周末名词动词daybreak黎明名词动名词handwriting书法名词及物动词erorpain-killer止痛药名词介词名词sister-in-law嫂子代词名词she-wolf母狼,he-goat动词名词typewriter打字机动名词名词reading-room阅览室现在分词名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词名词freshman大一新生副词动词outlook景色,风光介词名词afterbrain后脑2.合成形容词构成方式例词名词形容词bloodred血红的名词现在分词French-speaking讲法语的名词to名词one-to-o
18、ne一对一的名词过去分词man-made人造的数词名词one-way单行道的数词名词形容词three-year-old三岁的数词名词edten-storeyed十层的动词副词one-off 一次性的形容词名词high-quality高质量的形容词名词ednoble-minded高尚的形容词形容词light-green浅绿色的形容词现在分词ordinary-looking相貌一般的副词形容词ever-green常青的副词现在分词hard-working辛勤的副词过去分词well-known著名的副词名词fast-food提供快餐的介词名词indoor室内的3.合成动词构成方式例词名词动词slee
19、p-walk梦游形容词动词white-wash粉刷副词动词overwhelm压倒,制服4.合成副词构成方式例词形容词名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词副词everywhere到处副词副词however尽管如此介词名词beforehand事先介词副词forever永远5.合成代词构成方式例词代词宾格selfherself 她自己,themselves物主代词selfmyself 我自己形容词名词anything 一切语法填空词形转换常见词A1. abilityblt n. 能力;才能 able eb()l a. 能够;有能力的1. absencebsns n. 不在,缺席 absent bsnt a
20、. 缺席, 不在 3. academic kdemk a. / n. 学术的,教学的academy kdm n.专科学院,(美)私立学校4. access kses n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)accessible ksesb()l a. 可到达的,可接受的5. achievetiv vt. 达到,取得 achievementtivmnt n. 成就,成绩,功绩6. actkt n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事actionk()n n. 行动 activektv a. 积极的,主动的 activityktvt n. 活动7. adapt
21、dpt v. 使适应,适合,改编adaptationdpte()n n. 适应,改编本8. adjustdst v.调整,调节,适应,习惯adjustmentdstmnt n. 调整,适应9. admirabledmrb()l a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的admiredma(r) v. 钦佩;羡慕 admissiondm()n n. 准入, 接纳 admitdmt vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会) 10. advertisedvtaz vt. 为做广告 advertisementdvtsmnt n. 广告11.agreeri v. 同意;应允 agreementrimnt n. 同意,一致;
22、协定,协议 12. amazemez v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊 amazed 感到惊讶的amazingmez a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的be amazed at 对.感到惊讶13.amusemjuz vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐 amused 感到愉快的amusing 令人愉快的amusementmjuzmnt n. 娱乐 14. analyze/ nl,az / v. 分析analysisnlss n. 分析,分析结果15.anger(r) n. 怒,愤怒 angrynr a. 生气的,愤怒的 16.anxietyzat n. 担忧,焦虑anxiousks a. 忧虑的,焦急的17.apologi
23、zepldaz vi. 道歉,谢罪 apologypld n. 道歉;歉意 18.appearp(r) vi. 出现 appearanceprns n. 出现,露面;容貌 19. applicationplke()n n. 申请 apply plav. 申请 20. appointpnt v. 任命,委任,安排 appointmentpntmnt n. 约会 appreciatepriet v. 欣赏; 感激 appreciationprie()n n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估21.appropriateprprt a. 合适的,恰当的approximatelyprksmtl ad.近似,大约22.
24、argue juvi. 争辩, 争论 argumentjmnt n. 争论,辩论 23.arrangerend v. 安排,布置arrangement rendmntn. 安排,布置 24.arrivalrav()l n. 到来,到达 arriverav vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方25.assessses v.评价,评定(性质,质量)assessmentsesmnt n. 看法,评价26.assist sstv. 帮助,协助assistancesst()ns n. 帮助,援助,支持assistantsst()nt n. 助手,助理 27.associateset v. 联
25、想,联系associationsse()n n. 协会,社团,联系28.assumesjum; (US) sum v. 假定,假设assumptionsmp()n n. 假定,假设29.attracttrkt v. 吸引,引起 attractiontrk()n n. 吸引,爱慕attractivetrktv a. 迷人的,有吸引力的B1. bad (worse, worst) bd a. 坏的;有害的,严重的 badlybdl ad. 坏,恶劣地 2.bathb; (US) b n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆 bathebe vi. 洗澡;游泳 3.beautifulbjutf()l a. 美,美丽,
26、美观的 beautybjut n. 美丽,美人 4. behavebhev v. 守规矩,行为 behaviour/ bhevjr / n. 行为,举止 5. beneficialbenf()l a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的benefitbenft n. / v.优势,益处,使受益6. bored / brd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的boring / br / a. 乏味的,无聊的 7.bravebrev a. 勇敢的 braverybrevr n. 勇气 8.breathbre n. 气息;呼吸 breathebri vi. 呼吸 breathlessbrels a. 气喘吁吁的
27、,上气不接下气的9. build (built, built) bld v. 建筑;造 buildingbld n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼 C1.careke(r) n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意,在乎carefulkefl a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的 carelesskels a. 粗心的,漫不经心的 2. cautionk()n n. 谨慎,小心,警告cautiousks a. 小心的,谨慎的3.celebrateselbret v. 庆祝 celebrationselbre()n n. 庆祝;庆祝会 4.entre 中心 central 中心的5. certainst()n a.确定的,无
28、疑的;一定会certainlystnl ad. 当然;一定,无疑 6. challengetlnd n.挑战(性)challengingtlnd a.具有挑战性的7.changeabletendb()l a.易变的,变化无常的changetend n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;8.cheert(r) n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩Cheer upt(r)-p 振作起来!提起精神!cheerfultfl a.兴高采烈的,快活的cheerst(r) int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见9.chemicalkemk()l a. 化学的 n. 化学品 chemistkemst n. 药剂师;化学家
29、 chemistrykemstr n. 化学 10.child (复children) tald n. 孩子,儿童 childhoodtaldhd n. 幼年时代,童年 11.civilsv()l a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的 civiliansvln n. 平民,老百姓civilizationsvlaze()n; n. 文明12.cleanklin vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的 cleanerklin(r) n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂 13.clearkl(r) a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的 clearlykll ad. 清楚地,无疑地 14.cloudkl n.
30、 云;云状物;阴影 cloudyklad a. 多云的,阴天的 fortkmft n. 安慰; 慰问 comfortablekmftb()l; (US) kmfrtbl a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的 mitkmt v.犯(罪,错),自杀commitmentkmtmnt n. 承诺,允诺,承担municatekmjunket v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等) communicationkmjunke()n n.交际,通讯 petekmpit vi. 比赛,竞赛 competencekmptns n.能力,胜任,管辖权competitionkmpt()n n. 比赛,竞赛 competitor
31、kmpett(r) n. 竞赛者,比赛者19.concludeknklud v. 完成,结束 conclusionknklu()n n. 结论;结束20.considerknsd(r) vt. 考虑 considerateknsdrt a. 体贴的 considerationknsdre()n n. 考虑;关心 21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的22.constructknstrkt v. 构筑;建造,建设constructionknstrk()n n.建造,建设,建筑物 D1.dangerdend(r) n. 危险 dangerousdendrs a.
32、 危险的 2.darkdk n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的 darknessdkns n. 黑暗,阴暗 3.dieda v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的deathde n. 死4.decidedsad v. 决定;下决心 decisionds()n n. 决定;决心 5.deepdip a. 深 ad. 深;深厚 deeplydipl ad. 深深地depthdep n. 深,深度 66.delightdlat n. 快乐;乐事 delighteddilaitid a. 高兴的,快乐的 7.developdvelp v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(
33、照片) developmentdvelpmnt n. 发展,发达,发育, 8.devotedvt vt. 把奉献, 把专用(于) devotiondv()n n. 奉献,奉献精神 9.differdf(r) v. 相异,有区别 differencedfrns n. 不同 differentdfrnt a. 不同的,有差异的 10.difficultdfklt a.难;艰难;不易相处 difficultydfklt n. 困难,费力 11.disagreedsri vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见 disagreementdsrimnt n. 意见不一致;争论 12.disappoint dspn
34、tvt. 使失望 be disappointed at 感到失望的 disappointing令人失望的disappointmentdspntmnt n. 失望;沮丧13.discoverdskv(r) vt. 发现 discoverydskvr n. 发现 14.discussdsks vt. 讨论,议论 discussiondsk()n n. 讨论,辩论 15.distancedstns n. 距离 distantdst()nt a. 远的,遥远的 E1.easyiz a. 容易的,不费力的 easilyizl ad. 容易地 2.east ista. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东
35、方;easternist()n a. 东方的;东部的 3.educateedjket vt. 教育,培养 educatoredju:keit(r) n. 教育家 educationedjke()n n. 教育,培养 4.engine endn n. 发动机,引擎 engineer endn(r) n. 工程师;技师5.enjoynd vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢enjoyable ndb()la. 愉快的;有趣的 6.equal ikw()l a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于 equality ikwlt n. 平等 82.equip kwp vt. 提供设备;装备;配备 equipment kw
36、pmnt n. 装备,设备 7.exact zkt a. 精确的;确切的 exactly exactly ad. 精确地;确切地 8.exist gzst vi. 存在 existence zst()ns n.存在;生存;存在物 9.explain ksplen vt. 解释,说明 explanation eksplne()n n. 解释,说明 10.expresskspres vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递 expression kspre()nn. 表达;词句;表情11.extremekstrim a. 极其的,非常的extremelykstriml ad. 极其,非常 F1.f
37、ailfel v. 失败;不及格;衰退 failurefelj(r) n. 失败 2.fairfe(r) a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会 fairlyfel ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地 fairness fnis n. 公平;公正 3.firm fm n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的 firmly fml ad. 牢牢地 4.fluency flunsi n.(外语)流利,流畅fluent flunt a. (外语)流利的,流畅5.foolful n. 傻子,蠢人 foolishful a. 愚蠢的,傻的6.foreign
38、 frn; (US) frn a. 外国的 foreigner frn(r) n. 外国人 7.forget frev(r) (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉 forgetful fetfl a. 健忘的,不留心的 8.fortunate ftnt a. 幸运的; 侥幸的fortune ftjun, ftun n. 财产;运气 9.free fri a. 自由,空闲的;免费的 freedom fridm n. 自由 10.friend frend n. 朋友 friendly frendl a. 友好的 friendship frendp n. 友谊,友情 G1.gif
39、tft n. 赠品;礼物 giftedftd a. 有天赋的;有才华的2.grow (grew, grown) r v. 生长;发育;种植;变成 growth r n. 生长,增长 3. guidance adns n. 引导,指导 guide ad n. 向导,导游者H1. happy hp a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的 happily hpl ad. 幸福地,快乐地 happiness hpns n. 幸福,愉快2. hard hd ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的 hardly hdl ad. 几乎不 hardship hdp n. 困难3. harm hm n.&v.
40、 伤害;损伤 harmful hmfl a.有害的;致伤的 harmless hmls a. 无害的;不致伤的4. health hel n. 健康,卫生 healthy hel a. 健康的,健壮的 5.heavy hev a. 重的 heavily hevl ad. 重地,大量地 6.help help n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙 helpful helpfl a. 有帮助的,有益的 7.hope hp n.& v. 希望 hopeful hpfl a. 有希望的;有前途的 hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的 8.humorous hjumrs a. 富于幽默的 humour (
41、美humor) hju:m n.幽默,幽默感 9. hunger h(r) n. 饥饿 hungry hr a. (饥)饿的 I1. ill l a. 有病的;不健康的 illness lns n. 疾病 1. importance mpt()ns n. 重要性 important mptnt a. 重要的 3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的 imagination n. 想象4. impossible mpsb()l a. 不可能的 possible 可能的5. impress mpres vt. 留下极深的印象 impression mpre()n n
42、. 印象,感觉 6. improve 改善,提高 improvement7.independent 独立的 independence8. instruct nstrkt vt. 通知;指示;教 instruction nstrk()n n. 说明,须知;教导 9. interest ntrst n. 兴趣,趣味;利息 interesting ntrt a. 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的11. introduce ntrdjus; (US) -dus vt. 介绍 introduction ntrdk()n n. 引
43、进,介绍 12. invent nvent vt. 发明,创造 invention nven()n n. 发明,创造 13. invitation nvte()n n. 邀请,请帖 invite nvat vt. 邀请,招待 J1. judge dd n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定 judgement ddmnt n. 裁判 2. juice dus n. 汁、液 juicy dus a. 多汁的;水分多的 K1. kind kand n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的 kindness kandns n. 仁慈;善良 L1. last lst; (US) lst a.最近刚过去;最
44、后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续 late let a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地 lately letl ad. 最近,不久前 later let(r) a. 晚些的,迟些的 latest letst a.最近,最新的;最晚的latter lt(r) n.(两者之中的)后者 2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰3. laugh lf n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑 laughter lft(r); (US) lftr n. 笑; 笑声 4. learn (learnt, learnt;-ed -ed) ln vt. 学,学习,学会 learne
45、d lnd a. 有才华的;博学的5. live lv vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的 lively lavl a. 活泼的;充满生气的 living lv a. 活着的 n. 生计 6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的7. loud lad a. 大声的 loudly ladl ad. 大声地 8. love lv n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢 lovely lvl a. 美好的,可爱的 9. luck lk n. 运气,好运 lucky lk a. 运气好,侥幸 M1. marriage mrd n. 结婚,婚姻 married mrd
46、a. 已婚的 marry mr v.(使)成婚,结婚 2. memory memr n. 回忆,记忆 memorize memraz v. 记忆 3.mental ment()l a. 精神的;脑力的 mentally mentl ad. 精神上;智力上 4.merciful msfl a. 仁慈的;宽大的 mercy ms n. 怜悯 5.mess mes n. 凌乱 messy mes a. 乱七八糟的 6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) mstek n. 错误 vt. 弄错 mistaken mstekn a. 错误的 7. mix mks v. 混合,搅拌 m
47、ixture mkst(r) n. 混合物 8. move muv v. 移动,搬动,搬家 movement muvmnt n. 运动,活动 9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化modernization 现代化N1. nature net(r) n. 自然, 性质,种类 natural ntr()l a. 自然的2. nation 国家 national 国家的nationality 国籍3. near n(r) a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在附近,靠近 nearby nba a. 附近的 nearly nl ad. 将近,几乎 4. necessa
48、ry 必需的 necessarily 必需地necessity n. 必需品5. nine nan num. 九 ninth nan num. 第九 6. noise nz n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声 noisily nzl ad. 喧闹地 noisy nz a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的 7. normal nm()l n.& a. 正常的(状态)abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地8. north n a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部 northern n()n a. 北方的,北部的 northwards nwdz ad. 向北 9. nov
49、el nv()l n. (长篇)小说 novelist nvlst n. 小说家 10. nurse ns n. 护士;保育员 nursery nsr n. 托儿所 nursing ns n.(职业性的)保育,护理 O1. operatepret v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理 operation pre()n n. 手术,操作 operator pret(r) n. 接线员 2. oppose pz vt. 反对;反抗 opposite pzt n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的 3. organize :gnaiz vt. 组织 organiser (organizer)
50、 :gnaiz n. 组织者 organization naze()nn. 组织,机构 P1. pain pen n. 疼痛,疼 painful penfl a. 使痛的,使痛苦的 paint pent n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画 painter pent(r) n. 绘画者,(油)画家 painting pent n. 油画,水彩画 2. part pt n. 部分;成分partly ptl ad.部分地,在一定程度上3. patience n. 容忍;耐心 patient pe()nt n. 病人,耐心的 4. peace pis n. 和平 peaceful pisfl a. 和平
51、的,安宁的 5. perform pfm v. 表演,履行;行动 performance pfm n. 演出,表演 performer pfm(r) n. 表演者,执行者 6. person ps()n n. 人 personal psn()l a. 个人的,私人的 personnel psnel n. 全体人员,职员personally psnl ad. 就自己而言 7.physical fzk()l a. 身体的;物理的 physician fz()n n.(有行医执照的)医生 8. physicist fzsst n. 物理学家 physics fzks n. 物理(学) 9. plea
52、sant pleznt a. 令人愉快的,舒适的please pliz v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意 pleased plizd a. 高兴的 pleasure plizd n. 高兴,愉快 10. poem pm n. 诗 poet pt n. 诗人11. poison pz()n n. 毒药 poisonous pzns a. 有毒的,致命的 12. pollute plut vt. 污染 pollution plu()n n. 污染 13. possess pz()n vt. 占有;拥有 possession pze()n n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物 14. possibility
53、psblt vn. 可能,可能性 possible psb()l a. 可能的 15. power pad(r) n. 力,动力,电力 powerful pafl a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的 16. practical prktk()l a. 实际的,适用的 practice(s)e prkts n. 练习 17. prefer prf(r) vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢 preference prefrns n. 选择,趋向 18. preparation prepre()n n. 准备 prepare prpe(r) vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制 19.press prezdnt v
54、t.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社 pressure pre(r) n. 压迫,压力,压强 20. probable prbb()l a.很可能,很有希望的probably prbb()l ad. 很可能,大概 21. produce prdjus; (US) -dus vt. 生产;制造 product prdkt n. 产品,制品 production prdk()n n. 生产;制造 22. pronounce prnans vt. 发音 pronunciation prnnse()n n. 发音 23. proper prp(r) a. 恰当的,合适的properly prpl ad. 适
55、当地 24. protect prtekt vt. 保护protection prtek()n n. 保护 25. proud prad a. 自豪的;骄傲的 pride prad n. 自豪,骄傲 26. puzzle pz()l n. 难题,(字、画)谜 puzzled pz()l a. 迷惑的,困惑的 R1. rain ren n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨 rainy ren a. 下雨的;多雨的 2. real ril a. 真实的,确实的 reality rlt n. 现实 realise (美realize) rlaz vt.认识到,实现 really v rl ad. 真正地;到
56、底;确实 3. reason riz()n vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因 reasonable riznb()l a. 合乎情理的 4. refusal rfjuz()l n. 拒绝 refuse rfjuz vi. 拒绝,不愿 5. relate rlet vi. 有关; 涉及 relation rle()n n. 关系; 亲属 relationship rlenp n. 关系 relative reltv n. 亲属,亲戚 6. rely rla v. 依赖,依靠 reliable rlab()l a. 可信赖的,可依靠的7. religion rldn n. 宗教 religious
57、rlds a. 宗教的 8. require rkwa(r) vt. 需求;要求 requirement rkwamnt n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件 9. reservation rezve()n n. 预定 reserve rzv n. & v. 储备;预定 S1.sad sd a. (使人)悲伤的 sadness sdns n. 悲哀,忧伤 2. safe sef a. 安全的 n. 保险柜 safety seft n. 安全,保险 3. sail sel n. 航行 v. 航行,开航 sailing sel n. 航海 sailor sel(r) n. 水手,海员 4. salt
58、slt, slt n. 盐 salty slt, slt a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的 5. scene sn n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景 scenery sinr n. 风景,景色,风光6.science sans n. 科学,自然科学 scientific santfk a. 科学的 scientist santst n. 科学家 7. secure skj(r) a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的 security skjrt n. 安全,平安 8. serve sv vt. 招待(顾客等),服务 service svs n. 服务 9. settle set()l vi. 安家,定
59、居 settlement setlmnt n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落 settler setl(r) n. 移居者,开拓者 10.sick sk a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐 sickness skns n. 疾病 11. silencesalns n. 安静,沉默 silentsalnt a. 无声的,无对话的 12. simplesmp()l a. 简单的,简易的 simplifysmplfa v. 使简化,使简易simply smpl ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确 13. skill ski n. 技能,技巧 skilled ski a. 熟练的;有技能的 skillful sk
60、lf()la. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的 skillfully skilfuli ad. 精湛地,巧妙地 14. sleep slipn. 睡觉 sleep (slept, slept) slip vi. 睡觉 sleepy slipa. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的 15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) smel v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味 smelly smel a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的 16.smoke smal n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟 smoker smk(r) n. 吸烟者 smoking smkn. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟 17.snow sn n. 雪
61、vi.下雪 snowy sn a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的 18.social s()la. 社会的;社交的 socialism slz()m n. 社会主义 socialist slst a. 社会主义的 society ssatn. 社会 19.spirit sprtn. 精神 spiritual sprtla. 精神的; 心灵的20. strength stre n. 力量,力气 strengthen stre()n vt. 加强,增强strong str; (US) str a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的 21. succeed sksid vi. 成功 succe
62、ss skses n. 成功 successful sksesfl a. 成功的,有成就的 22. suffer sf(r) vi. 受苦,遭受 suffering sfr n. 痛苦,苦难 23. suggest sdest; (US) sdest vt. 建议,提议 suggestion sdest()n n. 建议 24. sun sn n. 太阳,阳光sunny sn a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的 25. surround srandvt. 围绕;包围surrounding srand a. 周围的 26. survival svav()l n. 存活,幸存 survive svav v.
63、生存,存活,幸免于难T1. technical teknk()l a. 技术的,工艺的 technique teknk()l n. 技术;技巧,方法 technology teknld n. 技术 2. thank k vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意 thankful kfl a. 感谢的,感激的 3. theoretical retk()l a. 理论的 theory retk()l n. 理论 4. thirst d n. 渴; 口渴 thirsty st a. 渴 5. tire ta(r) vi. 使疲劳 tired tad a. 疲劳的,累的 tiresome a.
64、 令人厌倦的 6. total tt()l a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为 totally tt()l ad. 总合地,完全地 7. tour t(r) n. 参观, 观光, 旅行 tourism trz()m n. 旅游业;观光 tourist trst vn. 旅行者,观光者 8. tradition trd()n n. 传统,风俗traditional trd()n a. 传统的,风俗的9. train tren n. 火车 v. 培训,训练 trainer tren(r) n. 训练人;教练 training tren n. 培训 10. transl
65、ate trnslet vt. 翻译 translation trnsle()n n. 翻译;译文 translator trnsleit n. 翻译家,译者 11. travel trv()l n.& vi.旅行 traveler trvl(r) n. 旅行者 12. treat trit vt. 对待,看待 treatment tritmnt n. 治疗,疗法 13. trouble trb()l vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦 troublesome trb()lsm a.令人烦恼, 讨厌 14. true tru a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的 truly tr
66、ul ad. 真正地,真实地 truth tru n. 真理,事实,真相,实际15. type tap vt. 打字 typist tapst n. 打字员 U1.unfortunate nfld a. 不幸的 unfortunately nftjntl ad. 不幸地 2. use juz n.& vt.利用,使用,应用useful jusfl a. 有用的,有益的 useless jusls a. 无用的 user juz n. 使用者;用户 3. usual jul a. 通常的,平常的 usually jul ad. 通常,经常 4. valuable vljb()l a. 值钱的,贵
67、重的 value vlju n. 价值,益处 V1.variety vrat n. 种种,种类 various vers a. 各种各样的,不同的 2. violence valns n. 暴力行为 violent valnt a. 暴力的 3. violin valn n. 小提琴 violinist valnst n. 提琴家,提琴手4. visit viz n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访 visitor vzt(r) n. 访问者,参观者 5. wait wet vi. 等,等候 waiter wet(r) n. (餐厅)男服务员 waitress tres n. 女服务员6. war
68、m wm a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的 warmth wm n. 暖和,温暖7. weak wik a. 差的,弱的,淡的 weakness wikns n. 软弱 8. wealth wel n. 财产,财富 wealthy wel a. 富的 9. week wik n. 星期,周 weekday wikde n. 平日 weekend wikend, wikend n. 周末 weekly wikl a. 每周的 10. weigh we vt. 称的重量,重(若干) weight wet n. 重,重量 11. wind wnd n. 风windy wnd a. 有风的,多风的 12.
69、 wisdom wzdm n. 智慧 wise waz a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的 13. wonder wnd(r) v. 对疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹 wonderful wndfl a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了 14. wood wndfl n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林 wooden wd()n a. 木制的 15. woo wl l n. 羊毛,羊绒 woollen wulin a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的16. work wk n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动 workday w:kdei n. 工作日 worker wk
70、(r) n. 工人;工作者 workforce w:kf:s n. 劳动力 workmate w:kf:s n. 同事;工友 workplace wkples n.工作场所,车间 works wks n. 著作,作品 17. worried wrd /w- a. 担心的,烦恼的 worry wr n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰 18. worth w a. 有的价值,值得的 worthless wls a.没有价值,没有用的 worthwhile wwal a. 值得做的 worthy wwal a. 值得的题组一 基础过关.用所给词的适当形式填空1.The customer though
71、t for a moment,but didnt respond because he didnt want to start an _ (argue).2.You can _ (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.3.Some think that studying abroad can _ (broad) their horizons.4.That little act of _ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it ma
72、de me feel the best of all!5.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me. I had no other _ (choose),though.6.So _ (excite) was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it.7.Luckily,she was not badly _ (injure) and we sent her to the nearest
73、hospital.8.A man _ (immediate) rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.9.They made his restaurant a very popular place. Today,potato chips are one of Americans _ (favor) foods!10.You see,there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops,so I could al
74、ways find someone _ (interest) to talk with.单句改错1.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!2.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.3.Interesting,it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器)industry.4.In some places you may borrow as more books as you need,but in others you are limited t
75、o a certain number of books.5.We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.6.The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw nothing.7.I am awfully tiring,but I know Ill never fall sleep.8.I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.9.Before waiting for about half
76、an hour,I was beginning to get impatiently.10.I remember my grandfather very much.题组二 能力提升.语篇填空The speech seemed to be _1_(stop) and the listeners became very _2_(patient). When the _3_(speak) said that oil was nonrenewable and that the best way to_4_(solution) the problem was not to make cars and b
77、uses but to force people to go to work or school on foot,the audience thought it was _5_(practice) and _6_(bear) to listen to him any longer. They _7_(believe) that the world would go_8_(smooth) without these modern_9_(transport). They also thought that the speaker was _10_(responsible) to make such
78、 a _11_(state)without thinking it _12_(careful) and his speech would cause some _13_(understand). So most of the_14_(listen)chose to leave,shouting loudly and_15_(angry).语法填空My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 1._ (enter) the class, we would all sit 2._ (quiet) and open the books. She w
79、ould encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate (辩论), 3._ made me take part in all debate competitions. 4._ same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She wo
80、uld always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 5._ (experiment) and would give me excellent marks. My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My frie
81、nds used to help me with my notes when I was 6._ (absence).My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 7._ the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers. Today I often
82、see the terrible punishments 8._ (give) to students on TVs.I feel very sad. I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 9._ (be) so excellent and 10._ (forget).题组三 体验真题1.(2019年新课标卷II语法填空)But then we got an official lette
83、r and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _70_ (wonder).2.(2019年新课标卷III语法填空)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.3.(2018年新课标卷II语法填空)This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute)
84、in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.4.(2018年新课标卷II语法填空)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _67_ (globe)fertilizer consumption. 5. (2018年浙江卷语法填空)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _62_(
85、afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.6.(2017年新课标卷I语法填空)However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes.
86、7.(2017年新课标卷II语法填空)This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.8.(2017新课标I卷改编)Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be_( h
87、eartbreak).9. (2017新课标I卷改编)The homeowner was very _(help). A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and_( comfort). I placed the chick in the nest, and it _(quick) calmed down.10. (2017新课标I卷改编)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spend
88、ing most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed_( heart).11. (2017新课标I卷改编)While high school does not _(general) encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that _(explore).12. (2017新课标II卷改编)The _(friend) that grew out of the experience of making that film and
89、The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age _(differ), we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.题组一 基础过关.用所给词的适当形式填空1.argument2.enlarge3.broaden4.kindness 5.choice6.excited7.injured8.immediately9.favorite10.interesting.单句改错1.wonderfully wonderful2.h
90、elpfully helpful3.Interesting Interestingly4.more many5.hardly hard6.widely wide7.tiring tired8.hardly hard9.impatiently impatient10.much well/clearly题组二 能力提升.语篇填空1.nonstop2.impatient3.speaker4.solve5.impractical6.unbearable7.disbelieved8.smoothly9.transportations10.irresponsible11.statement12.caref
91、ully13.misunderstandings14.listeners 15.angrily.语法填空【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师和朋友们对作者的帮助。1.entered【解析】考查动词的时态。上文是一般过去时,所以这里需用过去式。2.quietly【解析】考查副词。这里应该用副词修饰动词sit,表示安静地坐着,quiet为形容词,此处应用quietly。3.which【解析】考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句,又是指代前面一整句话的,所以只能用关系词which。4.The【解析】考查固定搭配。“The same is true of”为固定表达。5.experim
92、ents【解析】考查名词复数。由上文可知,这里的experiment应该用复数形式。6.absent【解析】考查形容词。be absent意为“缺席,不在”,这里需用形容词。7.on【解析】考查介词。pat on the back“拍打背”,为固定搭配,所以这里用介词on。8.given【解析】考查非谓语动语。punishments与give之间为被动关系,see sth done表示“看见某物被”,所以这里需用过去分词。9.have been【解析】考查虚拟语气。该句是虚拟语气,并表示对过去的虚拟,所以主句需用would have done。10.unforgettable【解析】考查形容词
93、。forget是“忘记”的意思,这里的意思是学校生活是精彩的,是无法忘记的,所以需用unforgettable。题组三 体验真题1.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。petition【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。3.pollution 【解析】考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。4.global
94、 【解析】考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。5.62. affordable。【解析】此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的,系动词be后用形容词作表语,表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。63. higher。 【解析】此处修饰名词cost用形容词,由even表示程度修饰比较级,故填higher。64. weight。 【解析】此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。6.careful 【解析】句意:然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语,故填careful。7. 69.introduction 【解析】考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词introduction.70.successful 【解析】考查形容词,空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful.8. heartbreaking9. helpful; comfortable; quickly10. heartily11. generally; exploration12. friendship; difference